HANDBOUND AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS V '&*■ vxz — COLLINS'S peerage of €nglattti; GENEALOGICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, AND HISTORICAL. GREATLY AUGMENTED, AND CONTINUED TO THE PRESENT TIME, BY SIR EGERTON BRYDGES, K. J. IN NINE VOLUMES. VOL. II. LONDON: PRINTED FOR F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, OTRIDGE AND SON, J. NICHOLS AND CO. T. PAYNE, WILKIE AND ROBINSON, J. WALKER, CLARKE AND SONS, W. LOWNDES, R. LEA, J. CUTHELL, LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND CO. WHITE, COCHRANE, AND CO. C. LAW, CADELL AND DAVIES, J. BOOTH, CROSBY AND CO. J. MURRAY, J. MAWMAN, J. BOOKER, R. SCHOLEY, J. HATCHARD, R. BALDWIN, CRADOCK AND JOY, J. FAULDER, GALE, CURTIS AND CO. JOHNSON AND CO. AND G, ROBINSON. 1812. ;cfrmlB * %-r T. Bensley, Printer, Bolt Court, Fleet Street, London, CONTENTS TO VOL. II. DUKES, (Concluded.) Page Bertie, Duke of Ancaster, (since extinct) 1 Bentinck, Duke of Portland 29 Montagu, Duke of Manchester • 42 Sackville, Duke of Dorset go Pelham Clinton, Duke of Newcastle ^ . . 181 Percy, Duke of Northumberland 217 MARQUISES. Powlttt, Marquis of Winchester , 367 Grenville Nugent Temple, Marquis of Buckingham 39O Petty, Marquis of Lansdowne 422 Gower, Marquis of Stafford 441 Townshend, Marquis Townshend 454 Cecil, Marquis of Salisbury 484 Thynne, Marquis of Bath 4Q6 Hamilton, Marquis of Abercorn 513 Comwallis, Marquis Cornwallis 537 Seymour, Marquis of Hertford 560 Stuart, Marquis of Bute 568 Cecil, Marquis of Exeter 582 f£f The Reader is requested to turn also to the Addenda at the end of the Volume for the latest dates, and a few corrections, of every article. .ii .joy o' THE PEERAGE OF ENGLAND; BERTIE, DUKE OF ANC ASTER. It is well known, that the elevation of the Berties was pro- duced by a fortunate marriage at the close of the reign of Henry VIII. with Katherine, Baroness IVilloughby of Eresby, widow of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. a a The genealogical flattery of Collins in this instance raises a smile. But I cannot refuse it a place in this note. " This family," says Collins, " originally came into England from Berti- land in Prussia, when the Saxons first invaded this nation ; and by the gift of one of the Saxon Kings had a castle, and also a town, which was denomi- nated from them Bertiestad,8 now Bersted, near Maidstone in Kent; Sted and Stad denoting, in the Saxon language, a town.'' Unfortunately, surnames tverc derived from places and not imposed on them. " It appears b from an old manuscript in the Cotton library, that Lko- fald de Bertie was constable of Dover castle in the reign of King Ethelred ; from whom descended Hieronymus de Bertie, founder, or at least a great benefactor to one of the monasteries in Kent, the north part of which he built at his own expence, and himself was buried in a chapel there, where these arms were put up against a pillar, viz Three Battering Rams in Pale. " The said Leopaldc quarrelling with the monks of St. Austin at Can- terbury, about tythes, and the monks endeavouring to carry them off by fores of arms, a fight began, wherein a son of Leopald's was slain; of which he a Phil pot's Survey of Kent. i Ex Collect Rob. Glover, Sonv « Ibid. ^VOL. II. B 2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Thomas Bertie, Esq. was captain of Hurst Castle in the Iste of Wight, the latter end of the reign of Henry VII. and was living in the reign of Edward VI. as appears in a grant of his arms and crest, bearing date July 10th, 1550, by Thomas Hawley, Clarenceux King of Arms ; wherein he certifies, " that he was descended of an house undefamed, was then captain of Hurst Castle for the King's Majesty, and had of a long time used him- self in feats of arms and good works ; so that he was worthy in all places of honour to be admitted, numbered and taken in the company of other nobles, &c." By his wife, a daughter of Say, of the county of Salop, he had issue, Richard, b who had his education first in Corpus Christi college,- Oxon, of which house he was fellow, and afterwards under Thomas Wriothesly, Earl of Southampton, Lord High Chancellor of England j c and complained to the King, but receiving no satisfaction, he flew for aid to Swain, King of the Danes, who invaded the kingdom with a powerful fleet, which was divided into two squadrons, one steering towards Northumberland, and the other for Kent, where they joined Leopald's forces, and laid siege to Canter- bury, which they took in the year 1014, leading the archbishop away captive. But Swain dying, the scale soon turned, for Ethelred miserably persecuted the Danes, andBuaBACH Bertie, the only surviving son ofLeopald, con- scious of his father's actions, went to Robert, King of France, who received him honourably, and taking to wife a French woman, settled there, where his posterity continued till the year 1154, when Philip Bertie, with his family, accompanied Henry II. into England, and by that Prince's favour, recovered his patrimony in Bersted. " This Philip had issue d Martin, who was father of Robert, who had issue William, who had issue Edward, who was father of Jerome Bertie, who lived at Bersted aforesaid, in the reign of Henry V- " This Jerome, one Sunday in Lent, hearing a monk in a church exclaiming against the murder occasioned by his ancestor, rushed in upon him, and slew him ; for which rash act he was excommunicated by the archbishop, from which he could not be absolved at any rate ; so he went to Rome, where he obtained absolution, with this injunction, viz « To hear, in the monastery of Canterbury, mass publicly on a Sunday ; then to ask first of the archbishop, and then of the monks, pardon ; then to be absolved, and receive the sacrament, and to give to the convent two pieces of gold, as the fruit of his repentance, and for the souls of his ancestors. » He afterwards became a benefactor, by new building, at his own charge, their church, by which (as my author saith) he much impaired his fortune on earth, but by it he obtained a greater in heaven. " To this Jerome' succeeded Robert de Bertie, his son and heir, who had issue a son of his own name, father of William, who by his wife, a daughter of Pepper, had issue Thomas Bertie, of Bersted in Kent, Esq. «• Hist, and Antiq Oxon. lib. i. p *76. a. c Hollinsh. p. 1143. * Ex Collect, Rob- Glover, Som. e Ibid. DUKE OF ANCASTER. 3 being' singularly accomplished and learned in the French, Italian, and Latin tongues, he gained the affections of Catherine, widow of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. She was, in her own right, Baroness Willoughby of Eresby, being daughter and sole heir of William Willoughby, the last Lord Willoughby of Eresby, of his sirname, as will be shewn under that title. But this Lady being most zealous for the reformation, in the reign of Edward VI. Stephen Gardiner, after that he was restored by Queen Mary to his bishoprick of Winchester, d sent for this Richard Bertie her husband, in the first year of her reign, and amongst some questions touching his religion, asked, " Whether the Lady, his wife, was now as ready to set up mass as she had been to pull it down, when in her progress she caused a dog in a rochet to be carried, and called by his name ?" Whereupon being advertised by his friends, that the bishop meant to call the Duchess, his wife, to an account for her faith j and foreseeing the danger, he pro- cured the Queen's licence to travel beyond sea, e under colour of looking after such debts as were due from the Emperor to the late Duke of Suffolk, his Lady's former husband. And having obtained it, passed the seas at Dover, in June the same year, 1554, leaving her behind ; who, in January following, went disguised from her house in Barbican, London ; and passing f to Leigh in Essex, privately took shipping, and after much danger at sea, met her husband at Santon in Cleveland, where, after some stay, dis- cerning that they were like to be questioned for their religion by the bishop of Arras, they were necessitated to haste away on foot with her daughter, a child, and two of the servants, to Wesel, a Hanse Town in the Duchy of Cleveland ; but being got thither, extremely weather-beaten with rain, and going from inn to inn to obtain lodging, it was refused them, by reason he was suspected for a lance knight, and she his mistress : resolving therefore to get shelter in the church porch, and to buy coals to warm them there, in their way, hearing two young men speak Latin, he en- quired of them in that language, where they might go to some Walloon's house, and were happily brought where Mr. Perusel lodged, who had formerly received some courtesies in England from this Duchess. By his means being kindly entertained, they changed apparel with the good man and his wife, and after hired a house in that town, having got a protection from the magistrates for their stay there j and here the Duchess being brought to bed * Hollinsh- p. 1144 • Ibid. p. 114*. f Ibid. p. 1143, 1144 # PEERAGE OF EXGLAXD. of a son, October 12th, 1555, he, by reason of his birth in that country, was christened Peregrine. But when they thought themselves happily settled, intelligence was sent to Mr. Bertie, that it had been contrived in England to seize them there ; whereby they were obliged on a sudden to haste to a s town called Winheim, in the Palsgrave's dominions, where they staid till their necessaries began to fail 5 and then it providentially happened, that Sigismund II. King of Poland, hearing of their distress, invited them into his country. They set forth from Winheim in April 1557, hut in their way underwent divers great hardships, with no little danger of their lives by the Landgrave's soldiers; who by reason of a quarrel for a spaniel, which they had along with them, thrust boar-spears into the waggon where the Duchess with her children and the other women were, and, upon pursuit of her husband into a village, had murdered him, but that he forsook his horse, and ran up a ladder set to a garret window, near the top of an house. By which means escaping their sudden fury, one of the burgh masters came to him, and brought another person who could speak Latin ; to whom submitting himself, he presently dispatched letters to the Earl of Erbagh (dwelling within eight miles) who, thereupon repairing thither, shewed them such respect as properly belonged to persons of their quality. And seeing the Earl's behaviour to them, the authors of the fray got off, and made all the friends they could to them, not to report their usage in the worst manner. After which they passed on quietly towards Poland, where they received courteous entertainment from the King, and were ho- nourably placed in the Earldom of Crozan in Sanogela; in which place having the absolute power of governing, they continued in great quietness and honour till the death of Queen Mary, and then returned into England. In 6 Elizabeth, waiting ou the Queen to Cambridge, when the university, for five days, entertained her with comedies, tra- gedies, and orations, Mr. Bertie had then the degree of master of arts conferred on him. He died in the sixty-fourth year of his age, on April 9th, 1582, as the inquisition taken h after his decease, August 14th, 24 Elizabeth, at Bourne in Lincolnshire, sets forth, and was pos- sessed of one third of the monastery of Vawdie, alias Yaldy, the t Holiinsh. p. 1145. •> Cole's Esc. lib. 4 p 64 N. ui. A." 15. in Bib!. Harley. DUKE OF ANCASTER. 5 manors of Edenham, and Scottlethorp, and rectory of Fulston, the lordship and manor of Withcalle, with divers messuages, &c. a messuage called the scite of the manor of Dawbney, and divers messuages, &c. in Wottral, Willingham North, and South Wil- lingham, and elsewhere, in the county of Lincoln. He survived his Duchess, who' deceased on September 19th, 1580, and was buried k at Spilsby in Lincolnshire, leaving issue by him an only son, Peregrine Bertie, before mentioned, and a daughter, Susan, ' married to Reginald Grey, Earl of Kent, and surviving him, to Sir John Wingfield. Which Peregrine, in the first of Elizabeth, m was naturalized and made a free denizen, the patent bearing date August 2d, 1559." On the death of his mother, he claimed the dignity and title of Lord IVilloughly of Eresby, wearing his mourning apparel at i F F in ofTic. arm. p. 27c k Harl. MSS. No 6829 p 90- in Brit. Museum. j Cat of Nob. by R Brooke. m Pat. 1 Eliz p. 2. m. 7. " Of his birth in the church porch of Willebrode in Wesel, Germany, we Jiave these further testimonials A copy of the register of the city of Wesel, concerning the birth of the Right Honourable Peregrine Berth, Lord Wit louchby of Eresby, born there the 12th of October, 1555 We the Burgomasters, Aldermen, and counsellors of the city of Wesel in the Duchy of Cleve, certify by these presents, that in the register of this city is found entered the following account, the 2cth of November, 1 555. Anno a partu Yirgineo rcstitutas salutis per Christum millesimo quingen- tesimo quinquagesimo quinto, qui fuit Annus a\ Mundi exordio quinquies mil. lesimus, quingentisimus vigesinuis tertius, ab innovata verd Doctrina. Evan- gelij per Dominum Martinum Lutherum trigesimus octavus, die Saturni qui erat duodecimus Mensis Octobris, Illustrissima Domina Catharina Baronissa de Willoughby, Ducissa Sutfblcia?, in Anglicano Regno, Uxor Illustrissimi Principis Domini Richardi Bertie d' Eresby ex Anglia, in hzc nostra Urbe Vesaliensi Ducatus Clivensis (Divina obstetricante gratia; Filium peperit, qui Die Lunae a partu proximo decimo quarto, Videlicet, ejusdem Mensis in Templo nostro suburbano (vulgo Upter Mathena) Sacrosancto Baptismate per Henricum Bomelium ejusdem Ecclesiae suscepto Perecrinus vocatus est j to quod in Teria Peregrina, pro Consolatione exilij sui Piis Parentibus a Do- mino donatus sit. Postulatum est referri in Annales. In the testimony of which we have put the common seal of our city hereunto, at the request of the honourable Mr- Charles Bertie, envoy extraor- dinary fiom his Majesty of Great Britain to the Electors, and other Princes of Germany, at his passage through this city ; and have caused our cleik to sign the same in the place of out secretary lately deceased. Given at Wesel the 18th of January, 1681. (L SJ God f. Ni fen, Secretarij defuncti Amanuensis, 6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. her funeral in all points as a Baron ° j and was by Queen Eliza- beth admitted to the dignity of Lord Willovgly, and to the place and integrity of honour thereunto belonging (his father then living) on Friday November 11th, 1580, by the mouth of Sir William Cecil, Knight, Lord Burleigh, Lord High Treasurer of England j Thomas, Earl of Sussex, Lord High Chamberlain j and Robert, Earl of Leicester, who by her Majesty's assignment had before heard and seen the petition, and proofs exhibited and shewed by the said Peregrine, for the same dignity of Lord Wil- loughby of Eresby ; and were, after report made unto her Ma- jesty of his right and title to the same, commanded by her Ma- jesty to declare unto him the said Peregrine, that, according to Likewise this Inscription is placed at the East entrance of the porch of the church of St. Willebrode in Wesel. AnnoDom. 1555, 120 Octobris In hoc Ecclesiae Vesaliensis Propylaeo natus est, ideoq ; appellatus Peregrinus Bertie, Baro Willoughby de Eresby in Regno Anglic, Domini Ricardi Bertie et Catharine Ducissae Suffolciae Filius, Qui Conjugali inter se, et pia erga Deum Fide insignes, Ob Professionem Religionis a. Papismo repurgatse Sponte ex Angiia profugerunt, Maria Regnante, A. D- MDLIII. Idem Peregrinus Bertie, Postea Regnante Elizabetha A D MDLXXXVIII. Copiarum Anglicarum in Foederato Belgio Sub Felicissimis illius Regin^e Auspiciis Militantium Locum Tenens Gener alis constitutus est, Et Posteros deinceps reliquit, Qui etiamnum inclarescunt Titulo Comitum de Lindsey, et Jure Haereditariq Magnorum Angliae Camerariorum. Hunc Lapidem Altero partim vetustate exeso, partim Militum vi fracto, Instauravit Caroluj Bertie Montacuti Comitisde Lindsey Filius, et Serenissimi D. Carol 1 Secundi Magnae Britanniae Regis Adplerosq; Sac Rom. Imperii Electores AUosq ; Germaniae Principes Ablegatus Extraordinarius. A. D. MDCLXXX. o Ex Collect. Dom. Gul. Le Neve, Claren- in Bibl. Joh. Anstis, Arm. Not- B zu DUKE OF ANCASTER. 7 his right, her pleasure was, that he should be named and called Lord Willoughby, and be placed, reputed, and taken Lord Wil- loughby, of Eresby, which they did in the star-chamber the day and year aforesaid, even as they were ready to sit down to dinner there : and at the same time placed the said Peregrine, Lord Willoughby, at the table with them, according to his degree, above divers other Barons which dined with them at the table, and did all of them drink to him by the name of Lord Willoughby. And on Monday. January 16th following, he took his seat in parliament, next unto the Lord Zouch of Harringworth. In 1582, he, »' with other nobles, by the Queen's command, attended the Duke of Anjou to Antwerp, who had staid in England three months in hopes of gaining her in marriage j and, before the end of that year, was 4 sent to Frederic II. King of Denmark, with the ensigns of the ord«r of the garter. In 2Q Elizabeth, at the siege of Zutphen, in the Netherlands/ on a sharp encounter with the forces of that garrison, he overthrew George Cressiak, at that time commander in chief of the horse, and took him prisoner. The year after, on the recess of the Earl of Leicester, he was made s general of the English auxiliary forces in the united provinces, and most valiantly defended Bergen-op- zoom, besieged by the Prince of Parma, who was obliged to raise the siege, notwithstanding he had deemed it incapable of holding out any time. In 32 Elizabeth, he was * sent general of 4000 auxiliaries into France, in aid of the King of Navarre, who, in a letter which he wrote to Queen Elizabeth, says, " You may, Madam, be entirely satisfied, that I have been so effectually served by your troops, and have had such convincing proofs of the good conduct and courage of the Lord Willoughby, who is worthily seconded by all the other gentlemen your subjects here, that they more and more do honour to your judgment in your choice of them, and encrease the obligations I lie under already to your Majesty.'* His Lordship being at the Spa in Germany for the recovery of his health, at the time when an invasion was expected to be made upon these kingdoms by Spain, the Queen wrote him the follow- ing letter. f Camden's Annals. 1 Stow's Annals, p. 695. r Ibid. p. 736. ' s Rymer's Feed. Tom p. XVI. p 14. ' Camden's Annals. 6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Good Peregrine, We are not a little glad that by your journey you have re- ceived such good fruit of amendment j especially when we con* sider how great a vexation it is to a mind devoted to actions of honour, to be restrained, by any indisposition of body, from fol- lowing those courses, which, to your own reputation, and our great satisfaction, you have formerly performed. And therefore as we must now (out of our desire of your well doing) chiefly enjoyne you to an especial care to encrease and continue your health, which must give life to all your best endeavours ; so we next as seriously recommend to you this consideration, that in these times, when there is such an appearance, that we shall have; the trial of our best and noble subjects, you seem not to affect the satisfaction of your own private contentation, beyond the attend- ing on that which nature and duty challengeth from all persons of your quality and profession. For if necessarily (your health of body being recovered) you should elloigne yourself by residence there from those employments, whereof we shall have too good store, you shall not so much amend the state of your body, as haply you shall call in question the reputation of your mind and judgment, even in the opinion of those that love you, and are best acquainted with your disposition and discretion. Interpret this our plainness, we pray you, to an extraordinary estimation of you, for it is not common with us to deal so freely with many; arid believe that you shall ever find us both ready and willing on all occasions, to yield you the fruits of that interest, which your endeavours have purchased for you in our opinion and estimation. Not doubting, but when you have with mode- ration made trial of the successes of these your sundrie peregri- nations, you will find'as great comfort to spend your days at home, as heretofore you have done; of which we do wish you full mea- sure, howsoever you shall have cause of abode or return. Given under our signet at our manor of Nonesuch, the seventh of Oc* fober 1594, in the thirty-seventh year of our reign. Your most loving Sovereign, E. R. And being governor of Berwick, makes his will there, August 7th, 1599, bequeathing his body to be buried in the parish church of Spilsby in com. Line, and dying in 1603, was there buried, ag is evident from a monument erected to his memory. DUKE OF ANCASTER. 9 " My Lord Willoughby," says Naunton, u was one of the Queenes first swordsmen : he was of the antient extract of the Bartewes, but more enobled by his mother, who was Duches of Suffolk. He was a great master of the art military, and was sent Generall into France, and commanded the second army of five the Queene had sent thither in aid of the French. I have heard it spoken that had he not slighted the court, but applied himself to the Queene, he might have enjoyed a plentifull portion of her grace : "and it was his saying, and it did him no good, that he was none of the Reptilia, intimating that he could not creepe on the ground, and that the court was not his element : for indeed he was a great soldier, so he was of a suitable magnanimitie, and could not brooke the obsequiousness and assiduitie of the court j and as he was then somewhat descending from youth, happily he had an animam revertenti, and to make a safe re- treat." His last testament is very memorable, as follows : " ■ In the name of the blessed divine trynitie in persons, and of omnipotent unitye in godhead, who created, redeemed and sanctified me, whom I steadfastlye beleeve will glorifie this sinfull corruptyble and fieshely bodye with eternall happiness, by a joye- ful resurrection at the general judgment, when by his incompre- hensible justice and mercye having satisfied for my sinfull soule, and stored it uppe in his heavenly treasure, his almightie voyce shall call all fleshe to be joyned together with the soule to ever- lasting comfort or discomforte. In that holy name I Peregrin Bertye, Knighte, Lord Willoughbie of Willoughbie, Beeke, and Eresbie, in perfect healthe and remembrance, and considering the frayltie of man, and the incertentye howe shorte and evill his dayes be, and intending to establishe and dispose theis worldely benefytts that God hath lent me, to the comforte and advantage of such children as God hath blessed me withall, hoping that they my said chilldren will nourish and mayntaine all brotherly kind- ness, love and affectyon betweene themselves, considering the misery division bringeth in all estates of this hatefull worlde, styll to the wurse declyning. Now I the said Lord Willoughbie make and declare this my laste wyll and testament, as followeth : " He orders his body to be buried in the church of Spilsby in the county of Lincoln, observing christian conveniency, and avoid- ing superfluous charge. He bequeaths to his son Peregrine Bertie, v Ex Rcgist in Cur Prcrog Cant, vocat Woodhall, 16 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. the county of Norfolk, Bart, she died e 3 cal. Jan. 1636, and is buried at Oxnead. Second, Elizabeth, to Sir Miles Stapleton of Carlton in com. Ebor. Knight, and died 28th February 1683. Third, Anne, who died unmarried, and was buried in St. Michael's chapel in Westminster Abbey, March 22d, 1660. Fourth, Sophia, wedded to Sir Richard Chaworth, Knight, LL. D. she died 20th December 1689, aged seventy-two, and is buried at Richmond in Surry, where a monument is erected to her memory. Fifth, Mary, married to John Hewitt, D. D. who was be- headed for his loyalty to Charles I. and after to Sir Abraham Shipman, Knight. Sir Montagu, theeldest son, second Earl, in 1639, was captain of the King's guards, in the army raised to march against the Scots, and waited on his Majesty in that expedition ; and was in the battle of Edge-hill, Oct. 23, 1642, where he commanded the King's royal regiment of guards ; and being near his valiant father, and seeing him wounded and taken prisoner, was moved with such filial piety, that he voluntarily yielded himself to a commander of horse on the rebels' side, to be near and attend him. The King was so much affected with the loss of this nobleman's father, and his imprisonment, that, a few days after the battle, he wrote the following letter with his own hand, directed to the Earl of Lindsey, Lord High Chamberlain of England. Lindsey, You cannot be more sensible, as I believe, of your fathers loss, than myself; his death confirming the estimation I had of him. As for yourself, the double sufferings you have had for my sake, both in your father's person and your own, puts upon me the stricter obligation, not only to restore you to your liberty, now unjustly detained from you, but also to shew the world by my actions how really I am Your assured and constant friend, Ayno, 27th October 1642. Charles R. Being afterwards exchanged, he resolutely adhered to the King's service, and courageously commanded the regiment of • Parkins's Continuation of the History of Norfolk, fol. 701 ; and Fenn's Paston Letters. DUKE OF ANC ASTER. 17 guards iir several battles, as at Newberry, Cropredy, Lestvvithiel, besides other places ; also in that fatal battle of Naseby, where he was wounded ; and had a share in all the misfortunes of that King, being one of the gentlemen of his royal bedchamber, and of his privy-council, attending him even to the time his Majesty put himself into the hands of the Scots. At the treaty in the Isle of Wight, the King sent for him to be one of his commis- sioners and advisers. When his Lordship understood that the rebels intended to put their Sovereign to death, he, with the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, and the Earl of Southampton, generously offered themselves sacrifices for his Majesty's safety, as having been, by their office of privy counsellors, the advisers of the measures imputed to him as criminal : and after his Majesty's murder, they obtained licence to attend his interment at Windsor. After that, he compounded for his estate at 647/. 13s. Od. f with 300/. per ann. settled on the teachers of those times. He afterwards lived privately, expecting and endeavouring the re- storation of monarchy, and episcopacy : which being effected, King Charles II. swore him of his privy-council, and constituted him Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln, g July 16th, 1(560, and Custos Rotulorum of Oxford- shire, on August 20th, following. He was elected a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, h at a chapter held at White- hall, April 1st, 1661 ) and was * installed at Windsor, April 15th following. Lord Clarendon says, " he desired his Highness (the Duke) to put the King in mind of the Earl of Lindsey, Lord High Chamberlain of England," (with whom he was known to have no friendship j on the contrary, that there had been disgusts be- tween them in the last King's time}) " that his father had lost his life with the garter about his neck, when this gentleman, his son, endeavouiing to relieve him, was taken prisoner; that he had served the King to the end of the war with courage and fide- lity, being an excellent officer : for all which the King his father had admitted him a gentleman of his bedchamber, which office he was now without : and not to have the garter now upon his f List of Compounders, Edit. 1655, in Letter L. s BillSignat. 12 Car. II. h Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Account of Knights of the Garter, MS. p. 38. ' Ibid, p 47. VOL. II. c 18 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Majesty's return, would in all men's eyes look like a degradation, and an instance of his Majesty's disesteem j especially if the Chan- cellor should supply his place, who was not thought his friend :" and upon the whole matter, entreated the Duke " to reserve his favour towards him for some other occasion, and excuse him to the King for the declining this honour, which he could not sup- port." The Duke replied with an offended countenance, " that he saw he would not accept any honour from the King, that pro- ceeded by his mediation ;" and so left him in apparent displea- sure. However, at the chapter, the Earl of Lindsey was created Knight of the Garter with the rest; and coming afterwards to hear by what chance it was, he ever lived with great civility towards the Chancellor to his death." k At the King's coronation, exhibiting his claim, for the ex- ercise of that great hereditary office of Lord High Chamberlain of England, and for the reception of such fees and benefits as his noble ancestors had heretofore thereupon enjoyed, he accordingly, on that solemn day, executed the said office of Lord High Cham- berlain, and received those fees and benefits, which were of right his due. This noble and valiant Earl departed this life at Campden- House in Kensington, July 25th, 1 666, aged fifty-eight years j and was buried at Edenham, in the vault with his noble father. He had to his first wife, Martha, daughter to Sir William Cockayn, of Rushton in the county of Northampton, Knight, (ancestor to the Lord Viscount Cullen) widow of John Ramsay, Earl of Holdernesse j and by her, who died in July, lf34l, had five sons and three daughters. Also by his second wife, Bridget, widow of Edward Sackville, Esq. second son of Edward Earl of Dorset, and daughter and sole heir to Edward Wray, Esq. groom of the bed chamber to James I. (third son of Sir William Wray of Glentworth in the county of Lincoln, Knight and Bart.) by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir to Francis, Lord Norris, Earl of Berkshire, had three sons, and a daughter Mary, born in lf340, married to Charles Dormer, Earl of Caernarvon, and died 29th June, 1709 : and of the sons by the second wife, James the eldest, was Lord Norreys by de- scent, and created Earl of Abingdon, of whom I shall further treat in due place j Edward, who died in his infancy; Henry, the youngest, married Philadelphia, daughter to Sir Edward k Life was elected for Whitchurch in Hants, and in the four succeeding parliaments for Boston in Lincolnshire. On April 5th, 1762, he wedded Chetwynd, third daughter and coheir of Montagu late Viscount Blundell, in Ireland, and relict of Robert late Lord Raymond, by whom he had no issue. And died March 10th, 1782, at his house in Mor- timer-street, London. Fourth, Lord Thomas, who was made captain of his Majesty's ship the Winchester, March 14 th, 1743-4, and sailing to the East Indies, remained in that station* upwards of four years, and in his return unhappily died coming into the channel, on the English coast, July 21st, 1749, and August 6th following, his Corpse was carried from Portsmouth in great funeral pomp, to be interred at Chisselhurst. In which church is a beautiful monu- ment ornamented with an urn, incircled with a festoon of flowers, between the trophies and naval ensigns of war, in statuary marble, y She died May 1781. DUKE OF ANCASTER. 23 and a sea engagement finely expressed in basso relievo, also this inscription. f< Sacred to those virtues that adorn a Christian and a sailor, this marble perpetuates the memory of the Right Honourable Lord Thomas Bertie, captain in the royal navy. His eminent abilities in his profession, and amiable qualities in private life, rendered his death universally regretted. Obiit the 29th of July, 1749, aetatis suae twenty-nine. He was fourth son of the most noble Robert, Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, &c. &c. Lord Great Chamberlain of England, by his second wife Albinia, daughter of lieutenant-general Farrington. Her Grace died July 1/45, aged forty-six, and is interred near the communion table." Also a daughter, Lady Louisa, married, in 1736, to Thomas Blud worth, Esq. gentleman of the horse to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales ; also one of the grooms of the bedchamber. And his Grace departing this life on July 26th, 1723, was succeeded by his only surviving son by his first Lady, Peregrine, second Duke of Ancaster, born April 29th, 1686, was, on April 14th, 1702, constituted vice chamberlain to her Majesty Queen Anne ; and in August following, was created doctor of laws at Oxford, on a visit the Queen paid that Univer- sity j he was elected, in 1708, one of the knights for the county of Lincoln, and in all parliaments whilst he was a commoner. On November 25th, 1708, he was sworn of the privy-council, pur- suant to the act for uniting the two kingdoms. On December 1st, 1714, he was appointed Custos Rotulorum a of the county of Caernarvon, and on March 16th, 1714-15, he was summoned by writ to the house of peers, and took his seat as Lord Willoughby of Eresby. On May 9th, 17 19, he was appointed one of the lords of his Majesty's bedchamber j and succeeding his father, in 1723, he was, on January 3d, following, sworn of the privy- council j also on February 3d after, appointed Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln, and city of Lin- coln, and county of the same 5 in which posts (on September 30th, 1727) he was continued by his late Majesty. And June 21st, 1734, was appointed lord warden, and justice in Eyre, of all his Majesty's parks, chases, forests, &c. north of the Trent. His Grace married Jane, one of the four daughters and co- heirs of Sir John Brownlow of Belton, in the county of Lincoln, a Bill Signat 1 Ceo I. 24 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Bart, and by her he had issue three sons, and four daughters, who lived to maturity, viz. First, Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster. Second, Lord Albemarle, who died May 16th, 1765, un- married. Third, Lord Brownlow, the present Duke. Lady Mary, married in February 21st, 1747-8, to Samuel Gretehead of Guy's Cliffe, near Warwick, Esq. and died at her house in Charlotte-street, Bloomsbury, 23d of May, 1774, leaving issue Bertie Gretehead, Esq. well known in the literary world j Lady Albinia, wedded in March 1743-4, to John Beckford, Esq. and. died February 1754 5 Lady Jane, wedded, 1743, to General Mathews; she died 21st of August 1/93, leaving issue a son and several daughters ; Lady Carolina, married March 31st, 1743, to George Dewar, Esq. and died at Brompton, Middlesex, June 13th, 1774. Her Grace departed this life at Grimsthorpe, on Thursday, August 26th, 173(?; and his Grace, surviving her, died on Ja- nuary 1st, 1741-2, to whom succeeded his eldest son, Peregrine, third Duke of Ancaster, who first married, on May 22d, 1735, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir to William Blundell, of Basingstoke, in com. Southamp. Esq. relict of Sir Charles Gunter Nicholl, Knight of the Bath ; and she dying with- out issue, in December 1743, he married, secondly, November 27th, 1750, Mary, daughter of Thomas Panton, Esq. b master of the King's running horses, and by her Grace (who was mistress of the robes to the Queen, whom she attended in that quality in her voyage from Stade, and at her nuptials and coronation) he had a daughter, Lady Mary Catharine, born April 15th, 1754, and died on April 1st, 1767* Peregrine, Marquis of Lindsey, who was born May 21st, 1755, and died December 12th, 1758 ; Robert, late Duke of Ancaster ,• Lord , born September 14th, 1759, but died soon after ; Lady Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, born February 15th, 1761, confirmed February 19th, 178O, Baroness Wllloughhy of Eresly, married February 23d, 1779, to Peter Burrell, c of Beckenham, in Kent, Esq. now Lord Gwyder, and Lady Georgina Charlotta, born August 7th, 1704, married, April 25th, 1791, George Earl of Cholmondely. His Grace, on February 20th, 17 j1-2, was sworn at St. James's » He died December 16th, 1782, aged eighty-two, at Newmarket. « Knighted at St James's, July 6th, 1781, previous to his appointment to the Deputy Chamberlainship oi England, the 14th of August following. DUKE OF ANCASTER. 25 one of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council ; and consti- tuted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire. In November 1745, on the rebellion in Scotland, his Grace raised a regiment of foot for his Majesty's service; on March 19th, 1755, was constituted major-general of his Majesty's forces; on February 3d, 1759, promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and on May 25th, 1 772, raised to the rank of general. On the accession of his present Majesty, October 25th, 17^0, he was con- tinued a privy counsellor, a lord of the bed-chamber, Lord Lieu- tenant and Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire, and keeper of Waltham forest in that county; and at his coronation, September 22d, 1761, his Grace, as Lord Great Chamberlain of England, after the regalia were brought to Westminster-hall by the dean and prebendaries of Westminster, delivered them to the lords ap- pointed to carry them, and took his place in the procession. On December 13th, 1766, his Grace was appointed ma'ter of the horse to his Majesty, having before executed the same office to her Majesty. He was also recorder of Boston, in Lincolnshire, and president of the Lock hospital, near Hyde Park corner, West- minster. His Grace departed this life at his seat at Grimsthorpe, on August 12th, 17/t> i and on the 27th of the same month his re- mains were deposited in the family vault at Edenham, about a mile distant from Grimsthorpe, the road between those places being crowded with spectators ; yet the whole was conducted in a decent and becoming manner, every way consistent with the so- lemnity of the occasion. The corpse being carried to the grave by eight of his Grace's labourers, amidst the tears and most pun- gent grief of his servants, tenants, and several others, who were well acquainted with, and had formerly experienced, his great humanity. In the chancel is this inscription : '? To the memory of the most noble Prince Peregrine Bertie, third Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, Baron Willoughby, Beck, and Eresby ; Lord Great Chamberlain of England by inheritance, master of the horse to King George the Third, one of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Lincoln, recorder of Boston, and keeper of Waltham forest in the same county. His Grace first married on the 22d of May, 1/35, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of William Blundell, of Basingstoke in the county of Southampton, Esq. re- lict of Sir Charles Gunter Nichol, Knight of the Bath; who 2(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. having died without issue in December 1743, he married, No- vember 27th, 1750, Mary, daughter of Thomas Panton, of New. market in the county of Cambridge, Esq* by whom he had issue, first, Lady Mary Catharine, who was born April 14th, 1754, and died at Bristol April 12th, I7^7j second, Peregrine Thomas, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, who was born May 21st, 1755, and died December 12th., 1758 ; third, Lord Robert, afterwards Mar- quis and Earl of Lindsey, who was born October 17th, 1756, and succeeded his father August 12th, 1778 5 fourth, Lord . . . . , who was born September 14th, 1759, and died the same day ; fifth, Lady Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, now Baroness Willoughby of Eresby, who was born February 14th, 17^1, and married, Feb. 23d, 1779, to Peter Burrell, of Beckingham in the county of Kent, Esq. now Sir Peter Burrell, Knight, Deputy Great Cham- berlain of England, by whom she hath issue the Honourable Peter Robert Burrell, born March 1782 5 sixth, Lady Georgina Char- lotta, born August 7th, 1764. His Grace having raised a regi- ment of foot for his Majesty's service during the rebellion in Scotland in 1745, was promoted to the rank of a general in the army. This noble Duke ever shewed the most unequivocal and zealous attachment to the illustrious family now on the throne of these kingdoms, the most patriotic concern for the preservation of our happy constitution, and the most attentive regard to the particular interests of that county over which he presided, and in which, during the recess of parliament, he lived with hospitable magnificence and liberality. His Grace's death was occasioned by a lingering bilious disorder j and having for many days fore- seen his approaching dissolution, he took leave of his disconsolate family and afflicted friends, by a most affectionate and solemn farewell. He quitted this world with philosophic tranquillity, and resigned his soul to God with the sure and stedfast hope of a most sincere Christian. He died at Grimsthorpe, August 12th, 1778, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, and was succeeded in titles and estates by his only surviving son," Robert, the fourth Duke, who dying unmarried July 8th, 1779, the title of Baron Willoughby of Eresby, being a barony in fee, became in abeyance between his two sisters; and was next year confirmed to his eldest sister ; and the other titles devolved upon his uncle. At Edenham he has this epitaph : " To the memory of the most noble Prince, Robert Bertie, fourth Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey, Baron Willoughby, Beck, and Eresby, Lord Great DUKE OF ANCASTER. 27 Chamberlain of England by inheritance, one of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Ro- tulorum of the county of Lincoln. Quickness and clearness of apprehension, aided by a memory most happily retentive, guided by such discernment as ordinary men derive from long repeated observation, and fired by an ambitious desire of real glory, secured and facilitated to this excellent young nobleman the acquisition of every accomplishment, either suited to that exalted station for which he was born, or conducive to his improvement in that most honourable profession in which he chose to follow the splendid example of his renowned ancestors. Indefatigable in this glorious pursuit, he visited foreign, but chiefly northern climes j and with a deep-rooted scorn for all the refinements of enervating luxury, he gloried in the character of a hardy Briton, and enriched it with the study and observation of the most cele- brated military establishments. But soon the troubles arisen in the western hemisphere suggested opportunities of instruction better suited to the activity of his genius : nor were his loyalty and patriotism restrained by the anxious apprehensions of the tenderest parents, or the earnest intreaties of those noble relations, who saw in him their present boast, delight, and hope, their future comfort, protection, and glory. He went over as a volunteer to North America in the twenty-first year of his age, and eagerly embraced every opportunity of distinguishing himself by the most spirited and dauntless exertions, in the service of his King and country, by sea as well as by land. During his second campaign he received the melancholy tidings of his noble Father's decease. On his return he surpassed the most sanguine expectations of his friends, his family, and his country. In his person manly grace- fulness was united to natural dignity ; his manners were elegant without affectation, his affability was the genuine fruit of universal benevolence, and by the eminent goodness of his heart he shone with peculiar lustre in the several relations of son, brother, and friend. But it pleased God to give an awful demonstration of the instability of human bliss, and to snatch away this object of general admiration, by a malignant fever, of which he died, un- married, in the twenty-third year of his age, on the 8th of July, 1779 : only eleven months after he succeeded to the hereditary honours of his family." He was succeeded by his uncle, Bkownlow, the fifth and present Duke of Ancaster, who represented the county of Lincoln in several parliaments whilst a commoner, and is one of the vice presidents of the Lock 28 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. and British lying-in hospitals. He was appointed Lord Lieute- nant for the county of Lincoln, January 21st, 1786. He first married, on November 6th, 1762, to Harriot, daughter and sole heiress of George Morton Pitt, of Twickenham in Middlesex, Esq, but she died in April 1763, and he married, secondly, at St. James's church, Westminster, January 2d, 1769, to Mary Anne, youngest daughter of the late major Layard, and by her, who died January 13th, 1804, he had a daughter, born 24th July, 1771, who married on May 26th, 1793, Viscount Milsington, eldest son of the Earl of Portmore, and died February 10th, 1797. Titles. Brownlow Bertie, Duke of An'caster and of Kesteven, Marquis and Earl of Lindsey. Creations. Earl of Lindsey, in com. Lincoln, by letters patent dated November 22d, 1626, 2 Car. I. Marquis of Lindsey, De- cember 21st, 1706,5 Queen Anne; Duke of Ancaster and Kes- teven, in com. Lincoln, June 29th, 1715, 1 George I. Arms. Argent, three battering rams, bar-ways, in pale, proper, armed and garnished, Azure. Crest. On a wreath, the bust of a King (named Barbican) coupt at the breast, and full faced, proper, crowned ducally, Or j being the crest of the Barons Willoughby. Their crest, as Bertie, is on a wreath a pine tree, proper. Supporters. On the dexter side, a pilgrim, or fryar, vested in grey, with his staff and beads, argent ; on the sinister, a savage wreathed about the temples and middle with ivy, all proper. Motto. Loyaute m' oblige. Chief Seat. At Grimsthorpe in the county of Lincoln : formerly part of the Willoughby estates, and one of the seats of Charles .Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in right of his last wife. DUKE OF PORTLAND. 29 BENTINCK DUKE OF PORTLAND. Henry Bentinck, Heer Van Diepenham in Overyssel, where his family had flourished for many ages, had issue three sons j first, Henry, his heir j second, Joseph, a general officer in the service of the States General j and third, William, who was created Earl of Portland : he had also four daughters, Eleanor, married to the Baron of Nienuren Huishen in Overyssel ; Anne, married to the Baron of Van Zandenburgh in Utrecht j Sophia, wife to the Baron of Van Engelenburgh j and Joanna Maria Van Ben- tinck, who died unmarried, in 1705. Which William, Earl of Portland, in his youth, was page of honour to William, Prince of Orange, and from thence was advanced to the place of gentleman of his bedchamber. In 1670, he waited on him into England, a and his Highness, in a visit to the University of Oxford, being complimented with the degree of doctor of the civil laws, December 20th, 1670, Mr. Bentinck had also the same degree then conferred on him. In 1675, on the Prince of Orange's having the small-pox, which had been very fatal in his family, Sir William Temple has made this observation (Memoirs, vol. i. p. 97, 98,) on Mr. Bentinck's care and assiduity : " I cannot forbear to give Monsieur Bentinck the character due to him, of the best servant I have known in Princes' or private families. He tended his master during the whole course of his disease both night and day 3 and the Prince told me, lhat whether he slept or no he could not tell ; but in sixteen days and nights, he never called once that he was not answered by Monsieur Bentinck as if he had been awake. The first time the Prince was well enough to have his head opened and combed, Monsieur Bentinck, as soon as it was done, begged of his master » Wood's Fasti Oxon, p. 856, 857 30 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. to give him leave to go home, for he was able to hold up no longer : he did so, and fell immediately sick of the same disease, and in great extremity ; but recovered just soon enough to attend the Prince into the field, where he was ever next his person." In \677> his Highness the Prince of Orange sent him into England, to solicit Charles II. for his marriage with the Princess Mary, eldest daughter of James Duke of York, which was hap- pily brought about. On the said Duke's accession to the throne, by the name of James II. February 6th, 1684-5, his Majesty being apprehensive of the designs of the Duke of Monmouth, then in Holland, he ordered his envoy Skelton, to get him secured by the States, and sent prisoner into England. b Whereupon his Highness the Prince of Orange, not approving of that severe course, he gave the Duke notice of it, and instructed Mr. Bentinck to go privately to Brussels to supply him with money ; and to assure his Grace, if he would make the campaign in Hungary, he should be main- tained with an equipage suitable to his quality. But when on King James's solicitation, his Grace was obliged to leave Brussels, and thereupon had landed in England, his Highness sent Mr. Bentinck to King James, c to offer him his assistance both of his troops and person against the rebels; but, through a miscon- struction put on his message, he was coldly received ; the King telling him, (t He should acquaint the Prince, that their common interest required his staying in Holland." In 1688, when the Prince of Orange had thoughts of an ex- pedition into England, d he sent Mr. Bentinck, on the Elector of Brandenburgh's death, with his compliments to Frederick the new elector | (who, in January 1^01, assumed the title of King of Prussia) to lay before him the state of affairs, and to know how much he might depend upon his assistance ; and he was so suc- cessful in his negotiation, that he carried to his master a full an- swer to all that was asked of him. He had a great share in that signal revolution whereon our present settlement is founded -, in which difficult and important transaction, he shewed all the pru- dence, dexterity, and sagacity, of a consummate and able states- man. He was the person e the most entirely trusted by the Prince, b Hist, of England, p. 428. e Ibid. p. 431. d Burnet's Hist, of his own time, 8vo. vol. ii. p. 484. e Burnet, ibid. p. 519. His words are, " the most entirely trusted and constantly employed by the Prince." DUKE OF PORTLAND. 31 and employed in the necessary orders for the expedition, which was managed by him with the greatest secrecy ; and never was so great a design executed in so short a time, a transport fleet of five hundred vessels having been hired in three days. His High- ness embarked in a frigate of thirty guns, and Mr. Bentinck with him. When King James's army was broken and disbanded, and that King had dispatched the Earl of Feversham with a message to the Prince at Windsor, f Mr. Bentinck was ordered by his Highness to arrest and secure him, for his disbanding the army without order. Also, by his Highnes3's commands, he wrote that letter, 8 agreeing to his Majesty's proposal of returning to Ro- chester, whereby King James went over to France, and abdicated the realm. On the accession of King William III. to the throne of these realms, as he had ever been near his Majesty, heh was made groom of the stole, first Lord of the bedchamber, and sworn of his privy council on February 13th, 1 688-9, the day he was pro- claimed. And two days before the coronation, was created Baron Cirencester, Viscount Woodstock, and Earl of Portland, by letters patent, ■ dated April gth, 1689. M The King's chief personal favour," says Burnet, " lay be- tween Bentinck and Sidney. The former was made Earl of Portland, and groom of the stole, and continued for ten years to be entirely trusted by the King j and served him with great fide- lity and obsequiousness ; but he could never bring himself to be acceptable to the English nation. The other was made, first, Lord Sidney, and then Earl of Romney, and was put in several great posts. He was made secretary of state, lord lieutenant of Ireland, and master of the ordnance ; but he was so set on plea- sure, that he was not able to follow business with a due appli- cation." k His Lordship had the command of the Dutch regiment of horse-guards that came with the King to England, and on his Majesty's going to Ireland they were embarked at Highlake, and sailed thence to that kingdom, in June 1690, and performed very gallantly at the battle of Boyne, July 1st, where the Earl of Port- land commanded as lieutenant general j l and had a principal share in obtaining the victory, General Douglas pursuing his advice of f Hist. Eng. praed. p. 536. h Ibid. p. $$o. i Bill Signat. 1 William and Mary, k Burnet, O. T. vol. ii. p. Birch's Life of Archbishop Tillotson, p 280. DUKE OF PORTLAND. 33 bloody engagement. I thank God, from my heart, who protected him in that day of danger, and likewise preserved your Lordship's life, which had been so lately restored. I hope the wound your Lordship received is not dangerous, and that it may be healed without losing the use of your hand. We have got but a very imperfect account of the issue of the whole action, and what has happened since, having received no letters of a later date than the morning after the fight, by reason of contrary winds." His Lordship likewise attended the King the year following, and his regiment of horse guards were shipped in the river Thames, and sailed for Flanders, April 1 4th, l6g4, where he also made the campaign of that year. In l6o5 he went on i board with the King at Gravesend, May 12th, and was at the famous siege of Namure, and, on a general assault ready to be made, he was sent with Count Horn, by the Elector of Bavaria, to offer honourable terras to Count Guiscard the governor, if, for sparing the lives of so many brave men on both sides, he would surrender ; but they were to require an answer in half an hour. r However, the Earl of Portland, finding the French trifle, did not think it convenient to stay so long j and that city surrendered on August 4th, after a month's siege. On his return to England, in consideration of his great ser- vices, he had a grant of the lordships of Denbigh, Bromfield, and Yale, with other lands in the principality of Wales, which being part of the demesnes thereof, the house of commons, on January 22d, IG95-6, addressed the King to put a stop to the passing that grant. Whereupon his Majesty, in answer, was pleased to ex- press himself: s Gentlemen, •* 1 have a kindness for my Lord Portland ; which he has de- served of me by long and faithful services: but 1 should not have given him these lands, if I had imagined the house of commons could have been concerned : I will therefore recall the grant, and find some other way of shewing my favour to him." And soon after his Majesty conferred on him a grant of the royal house of Theobalds, with the demesnes thereunto belong- i The grants of crown land to this nobleman, which were deemed im« provident, excited much public animadversion at the time. c Hist, of Eng. ut antea, p. 836, 837. 36 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. feeling his pulse, the King took him by the hand, saying, " I do not die yet, hold me fast." Having taken a little of the cordial potion administered unto him, he faintly enquired for the Ear) of Portland, who immediately came to him, and placed his ear as near as he could to his Majesty's mouth ; but though his lips were seen to move, his Lordship was not able to hear any distinct articulate sound ; and, in a few minutes after, his Majesty, shutting his eyes, expired with two or three soft gasps, March 8th, 1 701-2. After which his Lordship went over to Holland, and May 22d, 1707> arrived at the Hague ; and the year after the King of Prussia coming from Cleves by water to Hounslaerdvk, which was prepared for his reception, the Earl of Portland, July 19th, N. S. 17OS, went thither to compliment his Majesty in the name of the States General. On the close of the same year his Lord- ship returned to England, and betook himselr to a retired life, living in a most exemplary way ; and dying at his seat at Bui- strode, in the county of Bucks, November 23d, 1709, in the sixty-first year of his age, i was buried in the vault under the great east window of Henry the Seventh's chapel in Westminster Abbey. His Lordship married to his first wife Anne, daughter of Sir Edward Villiers, knight marshal, and sister to Edward, Earl of Jersey, at that time maid of honour to Mary, Princess of Orange, and by her had issue three sons, and live daughters, viz. William, who died in his infancy; Henry, second son, Earl and Duke of Portland j also another William, who died young in Holland. Lady Mary, eldest daughter, first married Algernon, Earl of Essex, who leaving her a widow, on January 10th, 1709, she was secondly married in 1714, to the Honourable Conyers D'Arcy, Esq. afterwards Knight of the Bath, and only brother to Robert Earl of Holdernesse j she died Au^tist 20th, 172& Lady Anne Margaretta, second daughter, married Monsieur Duyvenvorde, one of the principal nobles in Holland. Lady Frances Williamyna, third daughter, married William, Lord Byron, and died on March 31st, 1712. Lady Eleanora, fourth daughter, died unmarried. Lady Isabella, youngest daughter, married, on August 2d, 1714, Evelyn Pierrepoint, Duke of King- ston, and died on February 23d, 1727-3. His Lordship, on May ldth^ 17OO, married, secondly Jane* sixth daughter of Sir John Temple, of East Sheen, in the county ' Dart's Hist, of St. Peter'si Westminster, vol. ii. p. 55, DUKE OF PORTLAND. 37 of Surry, Bart, sister to Henry, Lord Viscount Palmerston, and widow of John, Lord Berkeley of Stratton, and by her (who was, on April 12th, 1718, appointed governess to the three Princesses, eldest daughters of his late Majesty, and died on March 2(5th, 1/51) had two sons, and four daughters ; William, one of the nobles of Holland, where he died October 13th, 17/4; in 1733, he married Cbarlotra Sophia Hr dwige Eleonora, Countess of Al- denburgh, only daughter and heir to Anthony Count Alden- burg, Sec. in Germany ; and Charles 'John. Count Bentinck, one of the nobles of the province of Over Yssel, who matried in March, 17'38-g, Lady Margaret, second daughter and coheir of William, Earl Cadogan, died at Zorgvliet, March 18th, 1779, aged seventy -one ; Lady Sophia, married on March 24th, 1 728-9, to his Grace, Henry de Gr^y, Duke of Kent ; who by her had a daughter Lady Sophia, married to her cousin John Egerton, Bishop of Durham; Lady Elizabeth married December 18th, 1/20, to Dr. Henry Egerton, Bishop of Hereford, brother to his Grace, Scroop, Duke of Bridgewater; she died November 8th, 1765, and was buried at Bruton in Somersetshire, and was grand- mother by him to the present Earl of Bridgewater ; Lady Harriot, married at the Hague October 15th, 1728, to James Hamilton, Viscount Linn rick, of the kingdom of Ireland ; Lady Barbara, who married Francis Godolphiu, Esq. afterwards Lord Godolphin, and died on April 15th, 1/30. Henry, second Earl and first Duke of Portland, married on June 9th, 170-4, the Lady Elizabeth Noel, eldest daughter and coheir of Wriothesly Baptist, Earl of Gainsborough, r with whom he had, among other possessions, the moiety of the lordship of Tichfield in the county of Southampton, as well as of the said mansion house. § And at this seat the Earl of Portland resided whilst he was a commoner; and by his affability and hospitality gained the love and esteem of all about him. He was elected one of the members for the town of Southampton, in h the parliament which sat first on business, October 23d, 1/07; and in the suc- ceeding parliament, which sat November 18th, 1708, was re- turned one of the knights of the shire for the county of South- ampton, ' as also for the town of Southampton. On July 2 1st, f Son of Edward first Earl of Gainsborough, by Ludy Elizabeth eldest daughter and coheir of Thomas Wriothesley, fourth and last Earl of South- ampton, and Lord High Treasurer of England * Formerly the seat of the Wriotheslcys, Earls of Southampton. * British Pari- Reg'tst. No. 156. ' Ibid. No. 154, J56. 38 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. 1710, he was constituted captain and colonel of the first troop of horse guards, which the Earl of Albemarle resigned to him on a valuable consideration. He was created k Marquis of Tichfield in com. Southamp. and Duke of Portland by letters patent, dated July 6th, 1716, 2 George I. and appointed one of the lords of the bed chamber. On September 9th, 1721, he was appointed captain general and governor of the island of Jamaica -, l and ar- riving at Spanish Town in that island, December 22d, 1722, re- mained there to the time of his decease, at St. Jago de la Vega, July 4 th, 1726, in the forty-fifth year of his age. He was gene- rally beloved, being of a most noble and generous temper, and of so sweet a disposition, that he made all easy about him. His re- mains were brought over to England, by his disconsolate widow, and deposited at Tichfield, where she herself was interred, March 1736-7. They had issue three sons and seven daughters, whereof two sons and three daughters survived them, viz. William, late Duke of Port/and, And Lord George Bentinck, who was born on December 24th, 17]5, and baptized January 23d following, his Majesty King George the First standing godfather in person j appointed captain of a company of the first regiment of foot guards, on April 17th, 1 743 ; being, on June 27th, N. S. that year, in the battle of Dettinghen ; on March 7th, 1752, appointed one of his Majesty's aid-de-camps, and to take rank as colonel of foot; constituted colonel of a regiment of foot in 1754, and died at Bath, without issue, March 2d, 1759, being then a major general, and member for Malmsbury in Wilts. Their three daughters were Lady Anne, who was married to lieutenant colonel Daniel Paul, who died in January 1748-9, and her Ladyship dying on July 4th, 1749, was buried by him in Dublin. Lady Anne Isabella, married on November 8th, 1739, to Henry Monk, Esq. of the kingdom of Ireland, by whom she had the Marchioness of Waterford, mother of the present Marquis j she died 1783. And Lady Emilia Catharine, who was born at St. Jago de la Vega in Jamaica, April 5th, 1726, married at Christmas, 1747* to Mr. Jacob Arrant Van Wassenar, of the pro- vince of Holland (elected into the body of the nobles of that pro- vince, February 18th, 1755) and died on January 10th, 1756. k Bill Signat. 2 Geo. I. 'He was much injured in his fortune by the South Sea bubble, DUKE OF PORTLAND. 39 His eldestson William, second Dure of Portland, born on March 1st, 1708-y, after three years travels in France and Italy, returned to England in 1/33. Jn February 1/55, his Grace was appointed a lord of the bedchamber to his Majesty. His Grace was married at Mary-le-Bone (commonly called Oxford) chapel* July mh, 1734, to the Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, only daughter and heir of Edward, second Earjypf Oxford, and Earl Mortimer, by his wife the Lady Henrietta Cavendish, only daughter and heir of John Holies, Duke of Newcastle, by the daughter and heiress of Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. ■ Their Graces had issue, Lady Elizabeth Cavendish Kentinck, married on May 22d, ]J5g, to Thomas, Viscount Weymouth, afterwards Marquis of Bath. Lady Henrietta Cavendish BentSnck, who was one of the sup- porters of Queen Charlotte's train at her nuptials on September Sih, 17ut, and on May 28th, 1703, married George Henry, the present Earl of Stamford. William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, the present Duke of Portland. Lady MargaretCavendish Bentinck, who died on April 23, 17.56. Lady Frances Cavendish Bentinck, who died an infant, on February 28th, 17-12-3. And Lord Edward Charles Cavendish Bentinck, born on March 3d, 17-44, married December 23d, 1782, at Mary-le-bone, to Miss Cumberland, eldest daughter of Richard Cumberland, Esq. by whom he has several children. He was many years M. P. for Nottinghamshire. At a chapter of the most noble order of the garter, held at St. James's, March 20th, 1/40-1, his Grace was first knighted by his Majesty, and immediately after was invested with the ensigns of that most noble order, and was installed at Windsor, April 21st, 1741. His Grace was also Fellow of the Royal Society, and president of the British lying-in hospital for married women, in Brownlow-street, Long Acre, London; one of the Trustees of the British Museum ; and departing this life on May 1st, 1 762, was buried at Tichfield. The Duchess survived till July 7th, 1785. She inherited the spirit of her ancestors in her patronage of litera- ture, and the arts. 111 Son of the celebrated and loyal William Cavendish, Duke of New- castle: whose seat at Welbeck, with his large estates in Nottinghamshire* Derbyshire, and in the North, Sec have thus descended to the Duke of Port- land. 40 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, now third Duke of Portland, was born on April 14th, 1738; and at the general election in l/6l, was returned one of the members for Weobly in Herefordshire. On April 5th, 1783, his Grace was appointed first lord of the treasury; which he resigned on December 27th, following. On July llth, 1794* he was constituted principal secretary of state for the home department, which he held till July 30th, 180J, when he was nominated president of the council, which he held till 1805; and in the Spring of 1S07, he was again appointed first lord of the treasury. His Grace is a Knight of the Garter, Chancellor of the University of 0*ford, and Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. On November 8th, 1766, his Grace was married to Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of William, the late Duke of De- vonshire, and by her, who died June 3d, 1794, he has had issue, First, William Henry Cavendish, Marquis of Tichfield, born June 24th, 1768; who has for several years represented the county of Buckingham in parliament. His Lordship married, Aug. 4, 1795, Henrietta Scott, daughter of the late general Scott, by whom he has issue, first, William Henry, born August 21st, l796; second, Caroline, born July 6th, 1799 J third, William John, born September 18th, 1800; and two sons, who died infants. Second, Lord William Henry Cavendish, born September 14th, 1774, late governor of Madras, and a major general in the army; who married, February 19th, 1803, Lady Mary Acheson, second daughter of Arthur, Earl of Gosford, in Ireland. Third, Lady Charlotte, born October 3d, 1775, married, March 31st, 1793, Charles Greville, Esq. son of Fulk Greville, Esq. of Wilbery in Wiltshire, and has issue. Fourth, Lady Mary, born March 17th, 1778. Fifth, Lord Charles, a lieutenant colonel in the army, and captain in the first regiment of foot guards. Sixth, Lord Frederick, born November 21st, 1781, also a lieu- tenant colonel in the army, and captain in the first regiment of foot guards. Titles. William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, Duke of Port- land, Marquis of Tichfield, Earl of Portland, Viscount Woodstock, and Baron of Cirencester. Creations. Baron of Cirencester, in com. Gloucester, Viscount Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, and Earl of Portland, in com. Dorset, DUKE OF PORTLAND. 41 April 9th, 1689, 1 William and Mary ; 'and Marquis of Tich- field, and Duke of Portland, July 6th, 1716, 2 George I. Arms. Azure, a cross moline, Argent. Crest. Out of a Marquis's coronet, proper, two arms, counter embowed, and vested Gules, gloved, Or, and holding each an ostrich feather, Argent. Supporters. Two lions double queveej the dexter, Or, the other, Sable. Motto. Craignez honte. Chief Seats. At Bulstrode in Buckinghamshire, and at Wel- beck in Nottinghamshire. J2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. MONTAGU, DUKE OF MANCHESTER. Sir Edward Montagu, the immediate ancestor of this family, was constituted chief justice of the court King Bench, 2Q Henry VIII. He was the youngest son of Thomas Montagu, Gent, who died in 1517, and lies buried in the church of Hemington in Northamptonshire. This family claim a descent from the powerful and illustrious house of Montagu, who make a figure in our annals as Barons from the time of the conquest, and were anciently Earls of Salis- bury. For this reason a detailed account of that House has been given in all our late Peerages. But I find myself compelled to throw the brief notice, which 1 shall take of those extinct peers, into a note. a a Collins and others have deduced the above Thomas Montagu from Simon Montagu, who is stated to have been younger brother to John, third Earl of Salisbury ; and uncle to Thomas the fourth and last Earl of Salisbury, of that name, who died November 3d, 1420 This Simon is asserted to have had issue, by Elizabeth Bough:on, Thomas Montagu, who is said to have left by Christian Basset John Montagu, whose wife was Alice Holcot, and their son William marrying Margaret Bouling, was father of Richard Montagu, of Hemington in Northamptonshire; who, by Agnes Snelling, was father of the above Thomas, who died in 151 7 Unfortunately there is no proof of the ex- istence of this Simon ; nor of any of the intermediate generations But the late Mr. Thorpe, (and it seems Mr. Anstis concurred in this opinion) sus- pected this family to be descended from James Montagu, a natural son of Thomas, the last Earl of Salisbury. This James lies buried in the church of Ludsdowne in Kent, of which place he derived the manor from his father. See.Thorpe's Custumale Roffense, p 125. The bordure round the arms of the present family favours this idea. The question is now of little consequence : a proud family may be content with such a mark once in seven centuries. I DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 43 Thomas Montagu, before mentioned, married Agnes, daughter of William Dudley, ofClopton in Northamptonshire, Esq. and had sepulture in the chancel of the church of Hemington, under a grey marble, with the figures in brass, of a gentleman and his wife, he in a long gown, she in the habit of the times ; and at their feet this inscription in a brass tablet : u Of your charite pray for the soules of Thomas Montagu, gentilman, and Agnes his wyff. Which Thomas decessed the 5 day of September, theyer of our Lord 1517- On whos soules Jesu have mercy" He had two sons, John, who succeeding to the estate, died without issue j and Sir Edward Montagu, born at Brigstock in the county of Northampton, who being entered in the Middle have made these remarks with some reluctance ; but truth has extorted them from me. Drogo de Monte-acuto came over with the Conqueror- From him de- scended William de Montacute, a great Baron in the time of Henry III. whose son, Simon de Montacute, was a great Baron in the time of Edward I. and survived till after the 8th of Edward II. His son William, Lord Monta- cute, died 13 Edward II. leaving William Lord Montacute, who was the principal person concerned in seizing Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, at Not- tingham Castle; and was a man of great power and large estates, and in much favour with Edward III. who created him Eat I of Salisbury, on March 16th, in the nth of his reign He makes a figure in the pages of Froissart ; and is amply noticed by all our historians, as well as in our records- He founded the Abbey of Bisham in Berkshire, and died 17 Edward III. His Countess was Catherine, daughter of Wdiiam de Grandison, the Lady, whose attractions, as it is pretended, gave rise to the Order of the Garter* William, second Earl of Salisbury, commanded at the battle of Poytiers, and filled many high offices. He died June 3d, 1397, .20 Richard II; and was succeeded by his nephew John, (son of his brother Sir John de Monta- cute, Lord Montacute ) John, third Earl of Salisbury, (whose mother was Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas de Monthermcr) succeeded his father as a Baron before he came to the Earldom, and fell a sacrifice to his plot for restoring Richard 1 1. His death happened 1 Henry IV. He was the chief of the sect of Lollards. He left by Maud, daughter of Sir Adam Francis of London, Thomas, fourth Earl of Salisbury, who was killed at the siege of Orleans, 3d November, 7 Henry VI. leaving by Aleanore, sister and coheir of Edmund Holland Earl of Kent, one sole daughter and heir Alice, wife of Richard Nevile, (a younger son of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; who thence became Earl of Salisbury, and was father of the famous Earl of Salisbury and War- wick, the King Maker. Earl Thomas had also a natural son, James Montagu, of Ludsdowne in Kent, before mentioned. 44 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Temple, became such a proficient in the study of the laws, that in %6 Henry VIII. he was chosen Autumn reader of that society, to which none bat persons of great learning were then elected. He was b also of such authority and account, credit and counte- nance, in the house of commons, of which he was speaker, that, a bill for subsidies not passing, he was sent for to his Majesty, who said to him, " Ho ! Will they not let my bill pass ?" And laying his hand on the head of Montague (kneeling before him) said, <( Get my bill to pass by such a time tomorrow, or else by such a time this head of yours shall be off." Sir Edward, considering the danger wherein he stood, in regard of the displeasure of such an impetuous Prince, wrought so effectually, that, before the time prescribed, the bill passed with the approbation of the house, and to his Sovereign's satisfaction. In 23d Henry VIII. he was called to the degree of serjeant at law, and with others then elected, kept such a magnificent feast at Ely House, in London, forfive days, that it wanted Httle of a feast at a coronation, the King and Queen, and the whole court, honouring them with their company. In 29 Henry VIII. he was constituted the King's serjeant at law, and had the honour of knighthood conferred on him the year fol- lowing, and was advanced to the office of lord chief justice of the King's Bench. In 31 Henry VII I. he had a grant of divers lands in He- myngton, in com. Northamp. late belonging to Ramsay abbey, and the year following had grants of the manors of Barnwel and Warketon, alias Warton, in the same county. In 1545, he resigned his office of lord chief justice of the King's Bench, and on November 6th, was constituted lord chief justice of the Common Pleas 5 a transition which Fuller calls a " descent in honour, but an ascent in profit." He was also of the privy-council, and in such high favour and esteem with his Sovereign, Henry VIII. that he appointed him one of those sixteen executors of his last will and testament, who should also be regents of the kingdom, and governors to Edward VI. his son. The said King Edward appointed his well-beloved counsellor Sir Edward Montagu, Knight, chief justice of the Common Pleas, with others, commissioners for the receiving and allowance of all claims of his subjects, to do service at his coronation, which was solemnized on February 20th, 1547. In 4 Edward VI. he ob- u MS huj Famil nuper penes praenob. Johann. Due. Montagu. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 45 tained a special license to give liveries and badges to forty per- sons, over and above his own meoial servants. Sir John Hayward, in his life of Edward VI. reports, that the Duke ot Northumberland, in contriving the settlement of the crown upon the Lady Jane, used only the advice of the lord chief justice Montagu, and secretary Cecil, who furnished the patents with divers reasons of law, and some of po'icy in state. But how far he acted in that affair (which occasioned his imprisonment in the Tower of London, and removal from his office of lord chief justice, in the reign of Quern Mary) may be seen from the repre- sentation of his case, drawn by himself after his release from the Tower, and printed in Fuller's church history : which author, in his Worthies of England, informs us, " that being outed of his judge's office in the fir-4 of Queen Mary, he returned into North- amptonshire} and what contentment he couid not find in West- minster Hall, his hospitable hall at Boughton afforded unto him." His last will c and testament (dated 17th Julij, 1556) manifests his great piey, probity, and charity. " H* bequeaths his soul to the Blessed Trinity, and his bo ly to be buried in Christian burial, without great pomp or great solemnity, or common dole distri- buted ; but that alns be sent to the poor people, to their own homes, in the towns next adjoining, if so be he deceased in the country; but if in London, then such dole to be distributed as his executors think convenient. He bequeaths legacies for the reparations of the churches of Hemyngton, Wekely, Brigstock, Scaldwell, and Werkton ; and to fifty poor maidens 40s. each, towards their advancement in marriage, and to the intent, they pray for his soul, and the souls of Roger Iladclirr", Jeffery Badcliff, and John Asheton, with all christian souls. He wills to his eldest son and heir, Edward Montagu, his gieat ring with a signwynarye in it, which his father gave him, that remaineth in his study at Brigstock j and his ring of gold with his seal of arms in it; as also his ring with the best pointed diamond, and his broche with a blue sa phi re set in it, fashioned like a flower-de-luce; which ring, with the diamond and broche, he bought of his father Kirk- ham. He further wills to him, his manors, lands and tenements in Werketon, Brigstock, Houghton, Langerort, Mail- isJe.y Hol- well, Gillesborough, Brington-magna. Bnngton-parva, Grafton, and the parsonage of Wekely, in com. Northam. and all and singular his manors and lands in Wekely, Denford, Benyneld, e Ex Regist. Wrastley, in Cur. Prerog. Cant. 46 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Sprotton, Luffick, and Eltington, in the said county. And in Collworth, Shirenbroke, Souldrop, Felmersham, Luton Hoo, Per- tenhall, Mechelborne, Swineshed, and Woodend, in com. Bedf. And in Knighton, in com. Leicest. ; Folkesworth, Stilton, Little Styvecley, Much Styvecley, and Alconbery, in com. Hunt. And all his leases, lands, tenements, &c. in the parish of St. Dunstan's in the West, London. He constitutes executors, hks sons Edward and Roger Montagu, and moreover wills, that they sell as much of his plate, china, rings,, and jewels, as they think convenient; and that Edward, his eldest son, shall have the remainder, and all his timber and stone, as well free- stone as rough- stone, lying at Houghton, Wekeley, Brigstock, and Heavy nton, or elsewhere. And if the said Edward died before he was married, to be equally divided between his sons R.oger, Thomas, and William. He settles all his lands in tail-male on his sons, Edward, Roger, Thomas, William, and Simon, and the remainder to the heirs of his father Thomas Montagu. He bequeaths to his cousin Sir Edward Sanders, Knight, one of the justices of the Common Pleas, his book of abridgments, and Mr. Englefield's abridgment, in the keeping of Mr. Cordell, the Queen's Highness' solicitor, as his letters shew. Which Sir Edward he makes supervisor of his will, praying him to be an assured friend to his son Edward, and the rest of his children, having handsomely provided for them in his said will." This worthy judge, whose motto was, " iEquitas justitise norma," departed this life on February 10th, 155(3-7, and was buried at Hemington, d on March 5th following, and hath these following verses engraven on his tomb, much to his honour and commendation. Montacute, pater legum, jurisq j peritus, O Edvarde, Vale, quern disciplina severa Furit, et improbitas hominum scelerata tremebat. Moribus antiquis vixisti, pacis amator, Virtutis rigidus custos, vitijq; flagellum. O venerande Scnex, te luxuriosa juventus, Criminis ultorem metuens, in funere gaudet, 'Patria sed moeret, Sancto Spoliata Catone; Qui vixit Justi summus defensor et aequi. Hunc te praeterens, Lector, defende precando. d Strype's Memorials, vol. iii. p 314. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 47 He married three wives ; e first, Elizabeth, daughter of Wil- liam Lane, of Orlingbury, in com. Northamp. Esq. by whom he had issue three sons, Ralph, Thomas, and Robert, who all died young 5 and three daughters, f Dowse, wedded to Sir Edward Watson of Rockingham, ancestor to the late Marquis of Rocking- ham ; Anne, to John Rouse, of Rouse Lenche, in com. Wigorn, Esq.; and Amy, to George Lynne, s of Southwick, in com. Northam. Esq. His second wife was daughter of George Kirk- ham, of Warmington, in com. Northamp. Esq. but by her he had no issue. His third Lady was Hellen, daughter of John Roper, of Eltham in Kent, attorney general to Henry VIII. and by her (who survived him, and h died in May, 15()3) had issue five sons and six daughters j Edward ; Roger of Biigstocly, in com. North. who died without issue, by Alice his wife, daughter of Smith 5 Simon, who married Christian, daughter of Wastlin, and had issue a daughter, Margaret, ' wife of Sir Stephen Board, of Hill in Sussex; Thomas, of Stivecley, in com Hunt. ; William, who died unmarried, on September 28th, lOig, aged seventy-three, and was buried at Little Oakley, in com. North, leaving his manor of Little Oakley to his nephew Sir Edward Montagu, afterwards Lord Montagu of Boughton. The chief justice's daughters by his said third Lady, were, first, Elizabeth, wife of Richard Cave, of Little Oakley, North- amptonshire, Esq. son and heir of Sir Thomas Cave, of Stanford, in com. Northamp. and secondly, to William Markham, Esq. -, second, Eleanor, wife of George Tirrel, of Thornton in Bucks, Esq. ; third, Isabel, wedded to Bryan Lascelles, of Gritford in com. Nott. Esq. ; fourth, Mary, married to William Watts, of Blakesly in com. Northam. Esq. j fifth, Margaret, married to Robert Wood, of Colwick in com. Nott. Esq. ; sixth, Agnes, wife of John Lane, of Walgrave, in com. Northamp. Esq. Edward Montagu, eldest son and heir of the loid chief justice Montagu, was twenty-four years of age at the death of his father, andk was elected one of the knights for Northamptonshire, in the first parliament called by Queen Elizabeth, 1558-9; of which county he1 was sheriff in 12 Elizabeth, having received the « Ex Stemmate. * Ex Regist. Wraslley, ut antea. 8 Qu. Lyne? a Northamptonshire family. h Ex Regist. Chayre. qu 21. * MS. St George predict * Ex Collect. B. Willis, Arm. 1 Fuller's Worthies, in com Northamp. 48 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. honour of knighthood in 1567. His piety, justice, and other rare virtues, were much talked of, and for years remembered in his country. A learned divine, who preached at his funeral, assures us, that he was a strict observer, not only of general, but also of special duties : a loving husband, tender father, kind master and landlord, charitable to the poor, an hospitable house-keeper, a friend to the oppressed, and so pious a Christian, both in profes- sion and practice, that he rarely missed being at divine service both morning and evening ; and was, in fine, a wise and good man, a good magistrate, and a good commonwealth's-man, devot- ing himself so entirely to the service of his country, that neither his health, or any thing else, came in competition with it. On January 10th, 1 601-2, being the Sabbath-day, he perceived a weakness of nature in himself ; yet such was his love to his country, and care of his Prince's service, as that finding his strength a little recovered, on the 13th of the same month, he went to Kettering for the subsidy business, where, through weak- ness of body, he found himself not well able to perform his wonted duty ; all which warnings it appears he laid to heart; for from that time, though he shewed no fear of death, yet in his private course, he addressed himself wholly to die, setting all things in order against his end ; and departed this life at Boughton, on January 26th, 1(301-2, most christianly, easily, and happily; and after his breath expired, appeared yet to live, for neither counte- nance nor colour had shew of death. His last will m and testament bears date, September gth, 1001, wherein " he first bequeaths his soul to God, trusting by the merits of his son Christ to be saved, and enjoy life everlasting with God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost, in which blessed Trinity he did most constantly believe 1 and by his gracious goodness he had lived to the age, within ten days, of sixty and eleven years, for which he gave most humble thanks for all mercies shewed to him, a miserable sinner, for the same long life." " And forasmuch as he had settled all his manors, lands, &c. and that all his sons, being six, were of full age, only reserving to himself his manor of Colworth, he entails it on Edward, his eldest son, and his heirs male ; in default, on each of his sons, and their heirs male." He took to wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harrington of Exton, in com. Rutland, Knight, (who died on May 19th., m Ex Rcgist. vocat Montagu, qu. 1. in Cur. Prerog. Cant. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 49 l6l 8) by whom he left issue six sons and three daughters, besides two sons, Thomas and Henry, who died young. His surviving sons were, First, Edward, ancestor of the late Duke of Montagu. Second, Sir Walter Montagu, of Houghton, in com. North* who married Anne, daughter and sole heir of Henry Morgan of Yston, cousin and heir of Sir William Morgan, of Pencoid, in com. Monmouth, Knight, but died without issue, on May 22d, 1615. Third, Sir Henry Montagu, Earl of Manchester, who was ancestor to his Grace the Duke of Manchester, and the late Earl of Halifax, of whom more fully. Fourth, Sir Charles Montagu, who was an officer in the army, and owner of Cranbrook in Essex ; and dying on September 1 1th, 1625, aged sixty-one, was buried on the south side of the chancel, in the parish church of Barking, in the county of Essex, where a neat monument is erected to his memory. He married, first, Lettice, daughter of Henry Clifford, of Keystan, in com. Hunt. Esq. but by her n (who was, first, relict of Thomas Malby of London, Gent, and secondly, of John Rotheram of Seymours in Berkshire) had no issue ; and secondly, Mary, daughter of Sir William Whitmore of London, Knight, she died 3d of the Nones of July, 1652, aged seventy-seven, (and is buried under a blue marble grave-stone near the altar of the church of St. Mary-le- bone in Middlesex, on which the arms are yet legible, but the inscription being defaced, may be seen in Le Neve's Monumenta Anglicans, vol. ii. p. 14,) by whom he had three daughters, his coheirs; Elizabeth, married, May 8th, 1630, ° to Christopher, Lord Hatton, and died in Guernsey, December 29th, 1672; Anne, married, April 24th, lfJ32, p to Dudley, Lord North, and died 1680, aged sixty-seven, ancestor to the present Earl of Guil- ford ; Mary, wedded to Sir Edward Byshe, of Stansted in Essex. Fifth, James Montagu, was educated in Christ's College, in the university of Cambridge, and became master of Sidney Col- lege, where (as Anthony Wood observes) 1 he was noted for his piety, virtue, and learning. When the university went to meet James I. on his coming from Scotland, his Majesty first took notice of him at Hinchinbroke (the seat of the loyal Sir Oliver * M. S. St. George prsed. 0 Lysons's Env.ii. p. 489 P Ibid. q Athcn* Oxon. vol i p. 619- VOL. II. £ 50 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Cromwell, uncle to the Usurper) and was so pleased with his conversation as a scholar, and his behaviour as a gentleman,, that he first made r him dean of the royal chapel, and afterwards dean of Worcester, A. D. 1604. On April 17th, 1608, he was $ con- secrated bishop of Bath and Wells, and eight years after tran- slated to the opulent bishoprick of Winchester. Also for his faithfulness, dexterity, and prudence, King James chose him to be one of his privy-council ; and, that he might be near him, con- tinued him dean of his chapel, not only when he was bishop of Bath and Wells, but of Winchester likewise 5 during which time he translated his Majesty's works into Latin. He was a nursing father to Sidney College,, and to the University of Cambridge in general no small benefactor, in bringing running water, at a great expence, into King's Ditch, which being at first made for its de- fence, was become nauseous to it. He disbursed * vast sums in repairing the cathedral of Bath, and by his last will and testa- ment, desired to be buried there. He died onu July 20th, 1018, aged fifty, and was interred on August 20th following, on the north side of the church j and over the grave is an altar-monu- ment erected between two pillars of the same church, with his effigies in full proportion, painted to the life, lying thereon. ", Being," says Wood, " a great stickler in the quarrels at Cambridge, and a great master in the art of insinuation, he had cunningly (as onex observes) fashioned King James's education unto certain Calvinian opinions ; to which the King's education in the kirk of Scotland had before inclined him. So that it was no very hard matter for him (having an archbishop also of his own persuasion) to make use of the King's authority for recom- mending the nine articles to the church of Ireland, which he found would not be admitted in the church of England." y Sixth, Sir Sidney Montagu, master of requests to King James I. and ancestor to the present Earl of Sandwich. The daughters were, Lucy, married to Sir William Wray of ' Athenae Oxon, vol i. p. 723. • Lcnevc's Easti Eccl. p. 34. t Fuller, in com Somers. pig- u Wood, prasd., x P.Heylin in his " Observations on the History of the reign of King Charles, I656, 8vo " y Wood, vol i. p. 723. It does not appear that Dr Richard Montague, the celebrated high-church bishop was of this family. He was son of Lau- rence Montague, minister of Dorney in Bucks ; appointed bishop of Chi. Chester, 1638, and of Norwich 1688, and died 1641. See Carte's Hist- Eng- vol. fv. p- 136—139, 140, 201. And Biog Diet- vol xi. p 30 DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 51 Glentworth, com. Line. Knight, Susanna, to Sir Richard Sondes of Throwley, com. Lane. Knight, and Theodosia, to Sir Henry Capel of Rayne in Essex, Knight. I now return to Sir Henry Montagu, (who was created Earl ov Manchester) third surviving son or Sir Edward Montagu, eldest son of the lord chief justice Montagu, before treated of. Which Sir Henry Montagu had in his tender years such vivacity and pregnant parts, that v one, beholding him at school, foretold, " that he would raise himself above the rest of his family :" which accordingly came to pass. He had a liber ll edu- cation in Christ College, in Cambridge ; and being afterwards placed in the Middle Temple, London, for the study of the laws, was such a proficient, that he soon acquired a great reputation, and had the honour2 of knighthood conferred on him at White- hall, before the coronation of James I, being a also the same year elected recorder of the city of London. He was a member in l(i()l, for Higham Ferrers. b In that parliament, Serjeant Hele, having in the debates, on a motion in the house of commons for a supply, said, " he marvelled much that the house would stand on granting of a subsidy, or the time of payment, when all we have is her Majesty's j and she may lawfully, at her pleasure, take it from us ; yea, she hath as much right to all our lands and goods, as to any revenue to her crown," quoting precedents to prove it : and the speaker calling to order, (the house having hummed and laughed at the Serjeant's speech,) this Mr. Montagu stood up, and said, u there were no such precedents ; and if all the preambles to the subsidies were looked upon, it would be found, that it was of free gift 5 and although her Majesty required this at our hands, yet it is in us to give, and not of her to exact duty." In the parliament called by King James on his accession to the crown, holden at Westminster, on March 19th, l604,c he was one of the members for the city of London. In that session,41 he was the first named in a committee, to continue, repeal, and review the statutes of. the kingdom j was also one of the twenty- four, specially appointed to manage a conference with the lords, y Fuller's Worthies, in com. Northamp. p. 289. z Pliilpot's Cat of Knights, p. 14 a Strype's Survey of Lond Book v p 161- •> Dewes's Journal of the House of Commons- c Journ Dom Com. 1 Jac. I. * Ibid. 31 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. concerning the taking away the court of wards; and, with his brother Sir Edward Montagu, Knight of the Bath (after Lord Montagu) was at the head of all debates and committees on affairs of moment, as the journals of the house shew. In the fourth year of James I. he c was chosen Autumn reader of the ho- nourable society of the Middle Temple, and four years after was f called to the state and degree of serjeant at law j also on February 1 1th ensuing, s constituted the King's serjeant. In these stations, his eminent abilities and great knowledge in the laws so far re- commended him, that on" November 18th, ]6l6, he was ad- vanced to be lord chief justice of the King's Bench, wherein he so well demeaned himself, that King James delivered him • the staff of lord treasurer of England at Newmarket, December 3d, 1620, the eighteenth year of his reign (but his patent k bears date the 14th of the same month) and on the 19th raised1 him to the dignity of a Baron of this realm, by the title of Lord Montagu of Kimbolton, in com. Hunting, and Viscount Mandevil ; those titles being chose by him, as he was in possession of the castle and lordship of Kimbolton, which many ages since belonged to the family of Mandevil. And by that title, with Sir Lewis Mansel, Knight, and Bart, and William Came, had granted m him the offices of chamberlain and chancellor of South Walts for life, and to the survivors. He continued in the office of lord treasurer not quite a year: for Sir Lionel Cranfield having married the Countess of Buckingham's niece, was, by the favour of George Villiers, then Marquis of Buckingham, first created a Baron on July 9th, in the 19th of King James, and on October 13th fol- lowing, succeeded the Lord Viscount Mandevil as lord treasurer ; but the King finding (as Wilson," in the life of King James ob- serves) the Lord Mandevil intelligent in all the great affairs of state, made him lord president of the council. On the accession of King Charles I. March 27th, 1625,° his Lordship was continued lord president, and p created Earl of Manchester in com. Pal. Lane, on February 5th, in the first year of his reign. The preamble to the patent recites, " that he was e Dugdale's Orig. Jurid p. 219. a. t Ibid p. io«. in Chron. series. • Pat 18 Jac pars 19. * Pat 14 Jac p 2 i Camden's Annals, in Hist, of Engl vol ii p 655. k Pat. 18 Jac p. 6. 1 Ibid. m Rymer, vol xix p. 766. 767. ■ Wilson's Life of King James, in Hist of Engl, vol ii. p 727. 0 Heylin's Help to Hist, p 390- P Pat. 1 Car. I. p. 7. n. 24 DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 53 descended from the antient and illustrious family of Montacute ; and that for the space of four years, in the office of chief justice, and afterwards in the execution of the post of lord treasurer, he had behaved with extraordinary fidelity, gravity, and industry j likewise with no less prudence, diligence, and sweetness of dis- position, had served both the King and his father, as president of their council : therefore his Majesty thought he could do no less than accumulate some honour on a person who had deserved so well both of himself, and the commonwealth." In 1627, Clarendon's Hist, of Rebel- vol. vi. p 546. 1 Ibid. p. 690. k Ather.ae Oxon. fol. 837. 1 Ex Stemmate- re Lysons's Env. vol iv. p. 46. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 5J Worcestershire, Knight and Baronet ; Lucy, second daughter, was married to Hugh Hare (Lord Colerain) of Longford, in the county of Wilts, and was buried, 1681, at Tottenham in com. Midd. where is a monument to her memory." Theodosia, third daughter, died unmarried. The said Henry, first Earl of Manchester, had to his second wife Anne, daughter and heir to William Wincot, of Langham, in the county of Suffolk, Esq. widow of Sir Leonard Haliday, Knight, Lord Mayor of London, 4 James I. but by her had no issue. To his third wife he married, April 26th, 1 620, Margaret, daughter of John Crouch, of Corn bury, in com. Hertf. Esq. and widow of John Hare, Esq. of Totteridge, by whom he had issue, First, George, ancestor to the late Earls of Halifax. Second, Mary, who died an infant, and was buried at Tot- teridge, March 6th, 1624° Third, Susannah, born at Totteridge, March 1624, and mar- ried there, December 14th, 1637, George Brydges, sixth Lord Chandos. p Fourth, Sidney, born 1627, and died an infant. 1 Their mother was buried at Totteridge, December 29th, J 653. r Her eldest son George, before mentioned, was seated at Horton in Northamptonshire. At twenty years old, he was elected M. P. for Huntingdon, November 3d, l640j and MP. for Dover 1661. He died July gth, 1681, aet. fifty-nine. By Eliza- beth, daughter of Sir Anthony Irby, he had five sons and four daughters. Charles, his fourth son, raised himself by his abilities to be chancellor of the exchequer in 1694 ; and on December 13th, 1700, was created Baron Halifax with a collateral relation to his elder brother Edward, and the issue male of his body. On October 26th, 1714, he was promoted to be Earl of Halifax, with the same limitations j and dying May 19th, 1715, without issue, aged fifty-four, was succeeded by his nephew George, second Earl, whose son George, third Earl, died 1772, having tilled many important offices in the state, without issue, on which occasion the titles became extinct. Edward, second Earl of Manchester, his eldest son and successor, had his education in Sidney College Cambridge, s where ■ Lysons's Env. vol. Hi. p. 532. o Ibid, vol- iv. p. 46. 9 Ibid 1 Ibid. 1 Ibid. « Wood's Fasti Oxon. vol. ii. fol. 836. 5 S PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. he took the degree of master of arts, and returning from the uni- versity to court, l attended on Charles, Prince of Wales, when he was in Spain, 1623; and, at his coronation, February 2i, 1625-6, was made one of the Knights of the Bath. He was elected one of the knights for Huntingdonshire, in the first parliament called by that monarch, u and served for the same county in three other parliaments, till he was called by writ to the house of peers, as Baron of Kimbolton, his father then living. In 1640, hex was one of the lords who petitioned the King to summon a parliament, w whereby* the causes of the grievances of the nation might be taken away, the authors and counsellors of them punished, and the war with Scotland composed without blood, to the honour and safety of his Majesty, the comfort of his people, and the unit- ing of both realms." And waiting on his Majesty at York the same year, he was with other lords, all popular men (as Lord Clarendon * writes) impowered to treat with commissioners on the part of Scotland, for preventing all acts of hostility, and re- dressing the grievances of the Scotch nation -, which ended in a cessation of arms, and an adjournment of the treaty, from Rippon to London. Lord Clarendon gives the following account of him : " The Lord Mandevile, eldest son to the lord privy-seal, was a person of great activity, and very well bred, and had been early in the court under the favour of the Duke of Buckingham, a lady of whose family he had married. He had attended upon the Prince when he was in Spain, and had been called to the house of peers in the life time of his father, by the name of the Lord Kimbolton, which was a very extraordinary favour. Upon the death of the Duke of Buckingham, his wife being likewise dead, he married the daughter of the Earl of Warwick j a man in no grace at court, and looked upon as the greatest patron of the puritans, because of much the greatest estate of all who favoured them j and so was esteemed by them with great approbation and veneration : though he was of a life very licentious and un- conformable to their professed rigour, which they rather dispensed with, than they would withdraw from a house where they re- ceived so eminent a protection, and such notable bounty. Upon this latter marriage the Lord Mandevile totally estranged himself from court, and upon all occasions appeared enough to dislike t Clarendon's Hist, vol i. p. i8z- « Ex Collect. Br. Willis, Arm. » Whitlock's Memorials, p-34> 35. * Hist, of Reb, vol.i. p. 155. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 59 what was done there, and engaged himself wholly in the conver- sation of those who were most notoriously of that party, whereof there was a kind of fraternity of many persons of good condition who chose to live together in one family at a gentleman's house of a fair fortune near the place where the Lord Mandevile lived, whither others of that class likewise resorted, and maintained a joint and mutual correspondence and conversation together with much familiarity and friendship : that Lord to support, and the better to improve that popularity, (the inseparable effect of espous- ing the liberties of his country) lived at a much higher rate than the narrow exhibition allowed him by his wary father, could justify, making up the rest by contracting a great debt, which long lay heavy upon him : by which generous way of living, and by his natural civility, good manners, and good nature, which flowed towards all men, he was universally acceptable and beloved; and no man more in the confidence of the discontented and factious party than he, and none to whom the whole mass of their designs, as well what remained in chaos as what was formed, was entirely communicated, and no man more consulted with. And therefore these three lords (Bedford, Siy, and Mandevile) are nominated as the principal agents in the house of peers (though there were many there of quality and interest much superior to any of them), because they were principally and absolutely trusted by those who were to manage all in the house of commons, and to raise that spirit which was upon all occasions to inflame the lords. Yet it being enough known and understood, that how in- disposed and angry soever many of them at present appeared to be, there would be still a major part there, who would, if they were not overreached, adhere to the King and the established go- vernment, and therefore these three persons were trusted without reserve, and relied upon so to steer, as might increase their party by all the arts imaginable ; and they had dexterity enough to depend upon these three lords, who were looked upon as greater, and as popular men j and to be subservient to their purposes, whom in truth they governed and disposed of. *' Hereupon to satisfy the people, (as further * related) in one day were sworn privy counsellors, much to the public joy, the Earl of Hertford (whom the King afterwards made Marquis) the Earl of Bedford, the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Bristol, the Lord Say, the Lord Savile, and the Lord Kimbolton ; and within two s Hist, of RebvoLi. p. 195. 60 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. or three days after, the Earl of Warwick ; being all persons at that time very gracious to the people, or to the Scots, by whose elec- tion and discretion the people chose; and had been all in some umbrage at court, and most in visible disfavour there." Also when it was thought reasonable, that such who had the courage to appear against those arbitrary designs, should be provided with places and preferments in the court, whereby they might be able to do their country better service, by preventing the evil councils, which used to spring from thence, a Lord Kimbolton was among those whom the King resolved to employ ; and the noble author before-mentioned observes, b " that it was great pity it was not fully executed, that the King might have had some able men to have advised or assisted him ; which probably those very men would have done, after they had been so thoroughly engaged : whereas the King had none left about him in any immediate trust in business (except the Duke of Richmond, and some very few men more about his person, who always behaved themselves honourably) who either did not betray, or sink under the weight or reproach of it." In 1641, when both houses of parliament had adjourned them- selves, and it was thought necessary for the public safety, that committees should be chosen to meet twice a week, or oftener if they saw cause, during the recess, to transact such business, as by instructions they were authorized to do j the Lord Kimbolton0 was one of the sixteen lords nominated by the house of peers to be of their committee. But being so much confided in by those of his party, he was represented, to the King, as an enemy to his Majesty's person and government, by Lord Digby, who advised his Majesty (in order to strike a terror into others) to accuse the Lord Kimbolton to the house of peers, and five members of the house of commons, of high treason. This the King assented to without consulting any other person than Lord Digby, as Lord Clarendon asserts ; and the extraordinary manner of visiting fheir lodgings, and sealing up their studies, trunks, &c. together with the King's going to the house of commons, on January 5th, 1641-2, to demand the five members, occasioned new discontents, and was voted, the highest breach of the privilege of parliament that could be made. The proceedings against the Lord Kimbolton are thus de- list, of Reb. vol. i. p- 21 a» 2»J4- b Ibid p. %LU * Ibid- p. 294. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 61 livered d by the noble historian before cited, u the purpose of ac- cusing the members was only consulted between the King and Lord Digby ; yet it was generally believed, that the King's pur- pose of going to the house, was communicated to William Murray, of the bed chamber, with whom Lord Digby had great friend- ship ; and that it was discovered by him: and that Lord, who had promised the King to move the house for the commitment of the Lord Kimbolton, as soon as the attorney general should have accused him (which if he had done would probably have raised a very hot dispute in the house, where many would have joined with him) never spoke the least word ; but on the contrary seemed the most surprized, and perplexed with the attorney's im- peachment ; and sitting at that time next Lord Kimbolton, with whom he pretended to live with much friendship, he whispered him in the ear with some commotion (as he had a rare talent in dissimulation), that the King was very mischievously advised ; and that it should go very hard, but he would know whence that counsel proceeded ; in order to which, and to prevent further mischief, he would go immediately to his Majesty ; and so went out of the house. " Whereas he was the only person who gave the counsel, named the persons, and particularly the Lord Kimbolton (against whom less could be said than against many others, and who was more generally beloved) and undertook to prove that the said Lord Kimbolton told the rabble, when they were about the par- liament house, that they should go to Whitehall. When he found the ill success of the impeachment in both houses, and how unsatisfied all were with the proceeding, he advised the King the next morning to go to Guildhall, and to inform the mayor and aldermen of the grounds of his proceedings : and that people might not believe there was any dejection of mind, or sorrow for what was done, the same night the same council caused a pro- clamation to be prepared for stopping the ports, that the accused persons might not escape out of the kingdom, and to foibid all persons to receive, and harbour them ; when it was well known that they were all together in a house in the city, without any fear of their security. And all this was done without the least communication with any body, but Lord Digby, who advised it j and, it is very true, was so willing to take the utmost hazard upon himself, that he did offer the King, when he knew in what house < Clarendon, p. 359, 360. 62 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. they were together, with a select company of gentlemen, who would accompany him, whereof Sir Thomas Lunsford was one, to seize upon them, and to bring them away alive, or leave them dead in the place : but the King liked not such enterprizes." As this unprecedented council, and the precedent acts (tend- ing to the subversion of all property) naturally produced jealousies and distrusts of the King, in both houses of parliament, so it caused a more strict enquiry into all that had been done contrary to law -, and such measures as ended in an unnatural civil war. The Lord Kimbolton was so far from being thought an enemy to his own country, that he was the more caressed by those of his own party ; and they who sided with the King, thought, e '* that if any thing had been to be done of that kind, there should have been a fitter choice of the persons, there being many of the house of more mischievous inclinations, and designs against the King's person, and the government, and who were exposed to the public prejudice, than the Lord Kimbolton was ; who was a civil and well natured man, and had rather kept ill company than drank deep of that infection and poison that had wrought upon many others." Also both houses of parliament, in their declaration, delivered, on March 9th, 1641-2, at Newmarket, to the King, of the grievances of the nation, among other particulars, set forth, " that they had, according to his Majesty's desire, laid their hands upon their hearts j they had asked themselves in the strictest ex- amination of their consciences ; they had searched their affections, their thoughts, considered their actions ; and they found none that could give his Majesty any just occasion to absent himself from Whitehall, and his parliament ; but that he might with more honour and safety continue there than in any other place. They said his Majesty laid a general tax upon them : if he would be graciously pleased to let them know the particulars, they should give a clear and satisfactory answer. But they said, they could have no hope of ever giving his Majesty satisfaction, when those particulars, which he had been made believe were true, yet, being produced and made known to them, appeared to be false 5 and his Majesty notwithstanding would neither punish, nor produce the authors, but go on to contract new fears and jealousies, upon general and uncertain grounds ; affording them no means or pos- sibility of particular answer to the clearing of themselves, of which e Clarendon, Hist yol. ii p. 377, 378, DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 63 they gave him these instances; first, the speeches. alleged to be spoken at Kensington concerning the Queen, which had been denied and disavowed ; yet his Majesty had not named the au- thors ; second, the charge and accusation of the Lord Kimbolton, and the five members, who refused no trial or examination, which might stand with the privileges of parliament ; yet no authors, no witnesses were produced, against whom they might have repara- tion for the great injury, and infamy cast upon them. " They besought his Majesty to consider in what state he was, how easy and fair a way he had to happiness, honour, great- ness, and plenty, and security, if he would join with his parlia- ment, and his faithful subjects, in the defence of the religion, and the public good of the kingdom : that (they said) was all- they expected from him, and for that, they would return to him their lives, fortunes, and utmost endeavours to support his Majesty, his just sovereignty, and power over them. But, they said, it was not words that could secure them in those their humble de- sires j they could not but too well and sorrowfully remember, what gracious messages they had from him the last summer, when, with his privity, the bringing up of the army was in agitation. They could not but with the like affections recall to their minds, how, not two days before, he gave direction for the afore men- tioned accusation, and his owning to *the commons house that house received from him a gracious message, that he would always have care of their privileges, as of his own prerogative ; and of the safety of their persons as of his own children. " They said, that which they expected, and which would give them assurance that he had no thought but of peace, and justice to his people, must be some real effect of his goodness to them, in granting those things, which the present necessity of the kingdom did inforce them to desire. And in the first place, that he would be graciously pleased to put from him those wicked and mischievous counsellors, which had caused all those dangers, and distractions ; and to continue his own residence, and the Princes, near London, and the parliament ; which, they hoped, would be a happy beginning of contentment, and confidence between him and his people, and be followed with many succeed- ing blessings of honour and greatness to his Majesty, and of se- curity, and prosperity to them." When the heats and divisions of both parties bad caused them to take arms, the Lord Kimbolton, engaging in the service of the G4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. parliament, had the command f of a regiment in 8 the battle of Edge Hill, October 23d, 1642 j and on November 7th following, succeeded his father as Earl of Manchester. In June, 1643, he11 and the Earl of Bolingbroke were the two lords, who, with four commoners, had the authority of keeper of the great seal. And having, by his conduct and courage, gained the reputation of an experienced officer, he had committed to him, the same year, ' the charge of the associated counties of Essex, Hertford, Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, Huntingdon and Lincoln, with power k to levy money out of the sequestered estates in the said counties, towards payment of his army. His Lordship was successful in all the actions wherein he engaged, having no sooner entered on his com- mand, but he forced the town of Lynn, in Norfolk, to surrender to the parliament ; and defeated the Earl of Newcastle's army at Horn Castle in Lincolnshire, on October 11th, killing 500 on the spot, and taking 800 prisoners, 1500 horse, and thirty-five colours. In April 1644, ] he was ordered with 4000 horse, and 5000 foot, to attend the motion of Prince Rupert ; and in May follow- ing, took the city of Lincoln by storm ; which is related by in Rushworth as follows, " On Friday the 3d of May, the Earl of Manchester sat down before Lincoln, and after some resistance, made himself master of the lower part of the city, the besieged retreating to the minster, and the castle on the top of a high hill j the next day there fell so much rain, as hindered any great action : that night Manchester intended to storm them, and drew up his foot, and sent for the horse from their quarters, to be ready by two of the clock in the morning ; but the weather continuing so violent, prevented it 5 the mount, whereon the castle stands, being exceeding steep, and, by reason of the rain, very slippery. Next day they had notice of a great body of horse, to the number of five or six thousand, under colonel Goring's command, were coming to relieve the city ; this hastened Manchester into a reso- lution to storm them that afternoon, and to that intent the scaling ladders were brought forth, and the foot were ready to set on -, but understanding the said horse could not come up that night, it was f Clarendon, vol. ii. p. 702. e Ibid. vol. lii. p. 44- Whitlock's Memorials, p. 67. i Clarendon, vol iii. p $zz- * Whitlock's Memorials, p. 68, 69, j*i ■ Ibid, p 8a- "i Hist. Collect, vol v- p. 620, 621. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 65 put off till next morning -, and to prevent the relief expected, Cromwel with two thousand horse were sent to meet them. The foot were ordered that night to lie upon the several quarters of the hill, round about their works, and to be all in a readiness to fall on, when they should hear the great ordnance go off, which was between two and three a clock in the morning, there being then six pieces discharged at once } then in a moment they all begun the attack, and, in a quarter of an hour, got up to their works, though the King's forces made a gallant resistance ; and, being under their works, set up their scaling ladders ; whereupon those within left firing, and threw down mighty stones from over their works, which did the assailants more prejudice than their shot 3 yet, at last, np they got, and slew about fifty in their works, and the rest cried for quarter, which was given them." They u took prisoners, Sir Francis Fane the governour, Sir Charles Dal- lison, and two others, colonels, with many inferior officers, 700 common soldiers, 100 horse, eight pieces of cannon, and arms, ammunition, &c. The two houses of parliament, taking these successes into con- sideration, passed an ordinance for maintaining the forces under the Earl of Manchester, ° reciting, u That whereas the seven as- sociated counties of Essex, &c. in obedience to the order of par- liament, had raised and maintained 14,000 horse, foot, and dra- goons, and with them (within five months last past) done many services tending much to the safety of the kingdom, &c." His Lordship being thus encouraged both with success, and provision made for his army, p caused a bridge of boats to be made near Gainsborough, the better to hold communication with the Scotish army, and that of the Lord Fairfax j and appointing two regiments of foot, with cannon to guard that work, marched from Lincoln to Gainsborough, and the next day, into the isle of Ax- holm, and from thence by Thorn and Selby, to the leaguer at York, where he arrived on Monday, June 3d, lrjJ4. On his coming there, the city being invested on all sides, the Marquis of Newcastle sent a letter to the Earl of Leven, " That he admired, the city was beleagued on all sides, without signifying what their intentions were, which was contrary to the rules of all military discipline, &c." Whereupon the Earl of Leven, and the Lord Fairfax, returned an answer, " That they designed to reduce the . Hist. Col. vol. v. p. 621 . 0 Rushworth, ut antca. P Ibid. p. Cx%. VOL. II. F 66 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. city to the obedience of the parliament, &c. but that the Earl of Manchester being equally concerned with themselves, they neither could nor would admit any parley without him." He thereupon «* sent the following letter to the Earl of Manchester : " My Lord, " The enclosed is the effect of two letters I wrote yesterday, one to the Earl of Leven, the other to the Lord Fairfax ; and I had done the like to your Lordship then, if I had any assurance of your Lordship's being in these parts in your own person : but since I am now satisfied of your Lordship's being here, I have thought fit to present the same to your Lordship's consideration, with this desire, that I may receive your Lordship's resolution therein ; and so I remain, « My Lord, May 15th, 1655. Lysons's Env. vol- iii. p 590. 1 Ex Stemmate. m Ex Regist. Eccles- ■ List of Parlm. from 1640, to the Restoration, p. 61. ° Clarendon's Hist, vol, v. p. 768,769. p Baker's Chron. 7th Edit. p. 738. neg was sent Ambassador extraordinary to the court of Vienna, to consult with the ministers of Joseph the Emperor, the invasion of Provence, or Dauphine, in France, in conjunction with our fleet, at that time in the Mediterranean sea, under the command of Sir Cloudesley Shovell. He afterwards set out for Turin, where he arrived on June 6 tli, 1707, and two days after1' conferred with Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, and Prince Eugene j and on June 24th, proceed- ing on his embassy to Venice, was received by that republic with the highest honours, having had a full knowledge of his Lord- ship's munificence, and polite demeanor, during his former resi- dence with them. He made his public entry on September 21st, (N. S.) 1707^ with that grandeur and magnificence, which shewed his great accomplishments, and that the glory of the British nation was not to be excelled ; and after a year's stay there, re- turned to England in December, 17O83 soon after which, he was sworn a privy counsellor of Great Britain, as before saidj but during the remainder of the Queen's reign, his Lordship was no further employed. On the accession of George I. he was continued ' Lord Lieu- • Hist, of England, vol ill - p. 791, 792. f Ibid. e Annals of Queen Anne, year 6th, p. 68. * Ibid. p. 7>. * Bill Signat. 1 Geo. I. 86 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon, also sworn of his privy-council, and was one of the gentlemen of his Majesty's bed-chamber -, and finally, in consideration of his great services, was created Duke of Manchester, by letters patent bearing date April 30th, 1719. His Grace married Dodington, the youngest of the two daughters, and coheirs, of Robert Grevile, Lord Brook, who died before him on February 6th, 172-, and his Lordship deceasing on January 20th, 1/21-2, they both were deposited in a vault, in which the bodies of many of his noble ancestors lie, in the church of Kimbolton in Huntingdonshire. They had issue William and Robert, successively Dukes of Manchester. Lady Anne Montagu, who died unmarried. Lady Dodington Montagu, who was unfortunately burnt to death at her house in Lower Grosvenor-street, London, January 8th, 1774, aged eighty years, k unmarried. Lady Elizabeth Montagu. Lady Charlotte Montagu, married to Pattee, second Lord Vis- count Torrington, and died 1759- William, second Duke of Manchester, was born in France, A. D. 1700, at the time of his father's embassy, and on November 6th, 1722, took the usual oaths as Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon. He was one of the lords of the bedchamber to George I. also one of the Knights companions of the order of the Bath, He enjoyed the same honours under George II. at whose coronation, October 11th, 1727, he bore the golden spurs, for the Earl of Essex, between the Dukes of Montagu and Kent j and in October, 1737, he was constituted captain of the yeomen of the guard. His Grace married, on April 6th, 1723, the Lady Isabella, eldest daughter to John, Duke of Montagu, but had no issue by her. Her Grace after married to Edward Hussey, of the kingdom of Ireland, Ebq. who thereupon took the name of Montagu, and was afterwards created Baron and Earl Beaulieu, but died without surviving issue, in 1802. His Grace departing this life at the Bath, (where he went for the recovery of his health) on October 21st, J 739, was succeeded by his only brother and heir, JIobert, third Duke of Manchester, who was elected^ k Coffin plat$. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 8/ one of the knights of the shire for the county of Huntingdon, in the parliament summoned to meet on June 13th, 1734, and was vice chamberlain to her late Majesty Queen Caroline. On his brother's decease, he was constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon, and made one of the lords of his Majesty's bed-chamber. On the accession of his present Majesty, he was re-appointed Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Huntingdonshire: and on settling the household of the present Queen Charlotte, his Grace received, on August 24th, 1761, the golden key, as chamberlain to her Majesty 5 in which station he walked at the procession at her coronation, on September 22d, that year, and departed this life on May 10th, 1762. His Grace, on April 3d, 1735, wedded Harriot, daughter and coheir of Edmund Dunch, of Little Wittenham in Berkshire, Esq. master of the household to Queen Anne, by Elizabeth, daughter of colonel Charles God- frey, by Arabella Churchill, sister to John Duke of Marlborough: and by her Grace, who died on February 25th, 1755, had two sons and two daughters, vizi George, his successor. Lord Charles Grevyle, who was born on May 29th, 1741, and on his brother's accession to the peerage, was elected, in his room, a knight of the shire for Huntingdon j but vacated his seat by accepting the government of South Carolina. He died in January 1784, having married Elizabeth, daughter of captain James Ballmer, of Huntingdonshire, and sister of Thomas Ballmer of London, merchant: she died December 2pth, 1774, leaving two children. Charles, who died unmarried, a captain in the second regiment of foot, about 1792 5 and Caroline, now living. Lady Caroline, born on February 19th, 1735 6, was one of the ten unmarried daughters of Dukes and Earls, who supported Queen Charlotte's train at her nuptials, on September 8th, 1761, and married July 17th, 1775, to Charles Herbert, Esq. captain in the navy, brother to the Earl of Carnarvon j but has no issue. And Lady Louisa, born in July 1740, and died young. George, fourth Duke of Manchester, was born April 6th, 1737, succeeded hisfather 1762. In 1763, he was appointed a lord of the bed-chamber 5 and in 1780, master of the horse to his Majesty. He married October 23d, 17<32, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir James Dashwood, of Oxfordshire, Bart, by whom he had, m PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. First, George, born November 11th, 1763, died February 23d, *772-1 Second, George James, born July 31st, 1769, died May 1/th, 1770. m Third, Caroline Maria, born August 10th, 1770, n married, July 24th, 179O, the present Duke of Montrose. Fourth, William, & the present Duke, born October 21st, 1771. Fifth, Lord Frederic, p formerly in the foot guards, and late M. P. for Huntingdonshire. Sixth, Anna Maria, Henrietta, born October 29th, 17/7, died April 12th, 1 796.1 Seventh, Amelia, born March 18th, 1783. r His Grace died September 2d, 1788, and was succeeded by his eldest son, the present Duke. His Grace married, October 7th, 1793, Lady Susan Gordon, daughter of the Duke of Gordon, by whom he has a daughter, born November 22d, 1794; another daughter born December 13th, 1795 j and a son, Viscount Mandeville, born July 9th, 3799-} another son born August 5th, 1800; a third son born March 1803 j and a third daughter born September 24th, 1804. His Grace was in 1808, appointed governor of Jamaica. He is also collector, outwards, of the customs in the port of London. Titles. William Montagu, Duke and Earl of Manchester, Viscount Mandeville, Baron Montagu of Kimbolton, Lord Lieu- tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Huntingdon. Creations. Baron Montagu of Kimbolton in com. Hunt-* ingdon, and Viscount Mandeville (the name of a family) De- cember 19th, 1620, 18 Jac. I. Earl of Manchester, in com. Lane. February 5th, 1624, 1 Car. J. and Duke of the same place, April 30th, 1719,5 Geo. I. Arms. Quarterly, first and fourth, Argent, three lozenges conjoined in fess, Gules, within a border, Sable, writh a crescent for difference, for Montagu -, second and third, Or, an eagle dis- played, Vert, beeked and membered, Gules, for Monthermer. Qrest* On a wreath, a griphon's head coupe, Or, wings in- Lysons's Env. vol Hi p zj$. m Ibid. ■ Ibid. , ° I bin. p Ibid. r Ibid. 8 Ibid. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 8(* dorsed, Sable, gorged with a collar, Argent, charged with three lozenges, Gules. Supporters. On the dexter side, an antelope, Or, armed, crested and hoofed, Argent 5 on the sinister, a griphon of the first, gorged with a collar, Argent, charged with three fusils, Gules. Motto. Disponendo me, non mutando me. k Chief Seat. At Kimbolton Castle, in the county of Hunt- ingdon, seven miles from that town, and forty-seven from, London. 90 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. SACKV1LLE, DUKE OF DORSET. The Sackvilles are eminent for their undoubted antiquity ; but, what is much better, they have been eminent for ages also for their genius, and intellectual accomplishments. It is evident as well from the Norman historians as other au- thorities, that this family was of noble extraction in Normandy, and denominated from a town and seignory of their name in that province of which they were owners. Herbrand de Salkavilla occurs in Ordericus Vitalis, a as resident in Normandy in 1079, whither he is said to have returned, after having accompanied the Conqueror to England. He had three sons, Sir Jordan de Sackville, Sir William, and Sir Robert j and a daughter Avice, married to Walter, son of Gilbert, founder of the monastery of Alfage in Normandy, by whom she was mother of twelve children, whereof only four survived her, viz. Richard, Jordan, Walter, and Helias, who were in ward to Henry I. who granted the custody of them to Jordan de Salchevilla their uncle, who honourably maintained them four years. b The said c Sir Jordan de Sackvill was Sewer of England, by grant of William the Conqueror, but lesided in Normandy, where he died. Sir William Sackvill, the second son of Herbrand, was resi- dent in England, and possessed d lands in Braxted, Neyland, and Bures ad Montem in Essex, with e one knight's fee in Falley, &c. in Buckinghamshire. He f had issue by Albreada, his wife, a * Hist, Norman, p. 605.; b Orel Vit- p. 607. e Ex Stemmate, praed. ri Lib. Rub, in Scaccar. • Ex Chart. Peytonorum- f Lib Abb. dc Colcest M S. DUKE OF DORSET. pi son, Sir William Sackvill, and three daughters, who on the son's decease were his heirs, viz. Hodierna, married to Matthew de Gernon; Agnes, to Richard de Anestye ; and Beatrix * to William de Glanvil, Lord of Bromholme, in the reign of Henry J. and the founder of the church there. The issue male of the said Sir William de Sackville thus ex- piring, Sir Robert de Sackville, third son of Herhrand, con- tinued the line, and is the direct ancestor to his Grace the present Duke of Dorset. He was the h first of the witnesses to a charter of King Stephen, whilst he was but Earl of Morteign, wherein he gave the church of Lillechurch to the monks of St. John of Col- chester j and his name is there wrote Robertus de Salkavilla. Of this Robert it is related, that being beyond the seas, and purposing to come ■ to England with the children of Henry I. it so chanced that the Earl of Morteign, when they should have weighed anchor and put to sea, was, on a sudden, troubled with a looseness in his body, and thereupon he left the ship and went ashore, together with two knights, Sir Robert de Sackville, and Walter, who by that means were preserved, the rest being no sooner at sea, but the ship wrecked on November 26th, 1 llg, and they all perished, except one, (a butcher) which was occasioned by the excessive drinking of the mariners on board. This Sir Robert Sackville, that same year, 20 Henry I. k held the manors of Bergholt, Bures on the hill, and Alfemunston, in Essex, also the manors of Rish- angel, Wytham, Melys, Clopton, Briswood, Coton, Drockford, Rudham, Fornham, Faltham, and Wickham, in Suffolk ; by the service of one knight's fee of the honour of Eye ; and was also seized of another fee in Mendham, in the same county, as a plea jn 12 Henry III. shews. l At length beholding the calamity of the state in the reign of KingStephen, andthtnkipgit time to leave offall thought of secular affairs, he professed himself a monk™ in the monastery of St. John at Colchester, as his grant' to that convent shews ; whereby he gave to the monks there, for ever, his manor of Wickham before mentioned, with the consent of his sons and his wife, and by the advice of the archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops of e Weever's Funeral Monuments, edit. 1613, p 857. * Lib- Abb de Colcest. MS- p. 20. * Orderic. Vital in Hist. Norman, p 870. k Antiq Lib Honoris de Eye penes M. Gray Seneschalum ejusd. Honoris. 1 Plac 12 Hen. III. Rot- 9 m. 12- a Lib. Colcest- ut antea. 92 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. London and Norwich : whereunto signed as witnesses, Earl Eustace, son of the King, Ingellus, Chancellor, Jordan de Salka- villa, and Stephen his brother, sons of the said Sir Robert Sack- ville ; and after his death he was buried in the said monastery. His wife was Lettice, daughter of Sir Henry Woodvil, Knight,n by whom he had also two other sons, Nigell, and Helias de Sack- ville. Nigell de Sackville ° was excommunicated by Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury. Rapin mentions this parti- ticular in his history of the reign of Henry II. and speaking of the arrogance of that prelate, he says, " Mounting his archiepiscopal chair on Christmas day, (1170* four days before his murder) he solemnly excommunicated Nigell de Sackville, and Robert Brock, both distinguished for their birth and high posts. He accused the former of unjustly detaining a manor belonging to the archbishopric, and the latter of having cut off the tail of a horse that was carrying provisions to his palace." Helias de Sackville was a witness to Gilbert Earl of Clare's grant of the church of Tunbridge to the monks of Lewes. Sir Jordan de Sackville, the eldest, living in the reigns of King Stephen and King Henry II. was a Baron. He p confirmed the grant which his father Sir Robert Sackville made of the manor of Wickham to the priory of St. John in Colchester, and added other lands of his own free gift, being wrote * Jordanus de Saukevil miles, Baro de Bergholt Saukevil, Jilius et hceres Roberti Saukevil. He r was also a benefactor to the abbot and convent of Gris- tine in Normandy, and a witness to s William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke's grant to Carmele priory, in com. Lane. l as also to Barth. de Glanville's confirmation of lands to Bromholme priory, in com. Norf. He took to wife" Hela, daughter of Ralph de Den (and coheir to her brother Robert) lord of the manor of Buclihurst, who gave with her, on her marriage, a hide of land in Waldene, with the church of the said vill, and common of pasture in Sud park, near Chalventune; also the land which Robert Fraunceis held of Sutton's fee, the manor of Saperton, and n Ex Stemmate, prasd. • Lib. Prior, de Lewes. » Lib. Colcest. ut supra. Esc. 44. Edw. III. a Stow's Survey of London, p 347. 0 Ex Stemmate. p Apparatus Gencal. MS. p.32. in Bibi. Harley. ioo peerage of England. brother. The said Sir Andrew, by Maud his third wife, had no issue, but by his second, Joan, daughter of .... Bnrgeis, he had*! a daughter Alice, married to John le Zouch of Sidenham, in com- Oxon and a son, Thomas Sackville, who succeeded to the estate of his ancestors. Which Thomas Sackville, possessing Amington in Oxford- shire, and Fawley1* in Buckinghamshire, was chosen one of the representatives of the last county in parliament, in the first year of Richard II. being then a knight j whereby it is probable he obtained that honour by his services in the wars in the reign of King Edward III. He likewise served for the same county of Buckingham, in several s other parliaments, to the eighteenth year of that King, when he was returned for Sussex, and again in 21 Richard II. He was sheriff of Sussex1 and Surrey in the seventh of King Henry IV. u and served the victorious Henry V. in his wars in France j and in the eighth of his reign, x was in commission to array all men at arms, archers, &c. in the county of Sussex, for the service of the King in his wars. This Sir Thomas made his will on December 1st, 1432, and died soon after, as the probat thereof shews, dated the l6th of the same month and year. By which y testament, writing himself " Thomas Sakevyle, Miles, de com. Sussex, he wills his body to be buried in the choir of the conventual church of Beyghatn, and bequeaths to the abbot and convent eighty marks, beside twenty in their hands owing to him ; whereof five marks to be distributed to every chanon of the church, and every priest of the samej 20s. to every deacon and sub- deacon, and 10s. to every nun ; on condition they be every one enjoined in their celebration of obsequies, vigils, orations, and other works of charity and contemplation, to mention him and Margaret his wife, his father and mother, all his ancestors and be- nefactors and all the faithful deceased ; and the residue of the eighty marks to be distributed by his executors, to pay the debts of the said abbey and convent. He bequeaths to the church of St. Richard of Chichester 20s. to the church of St. Christopher of Canterbury 20$. to the friers predicants of Winchelsey, 10s. and to the brothers minors of the same, 10s. to the brothers of Lewes,. q Weever's Mon. p. 319. r Pryn's Brev. Parliam. p. 14, and 106. * Pryn's Brev. Parliam. p. 91, and 131. t Fuller's Worthies, p. 93. " Vincent on Brook, p. 681. x Pat. 8 Hen. V. p. ii y Ex Regist. vocat. Luffenham, p. 13*, in Cur. Praerog. Cant. DUKE OF DORSET. 101 6s. 3d. to the brothers Augustin of Rye, 6s. 8d. and to the brothers Carmelites of the same, the like sum. '* He further wills to fifty poor virgins (such as his executors should elect) 135. Ad. each, towards their marriages; and to Edward Sackville his son, all his goods in his house and ward- robe, &c. with all his manors, lauds, &c." ' Margaret, his wife, was daughter of Sir Edward Dalingruge, of Bodyam Castle in Sussex, Knight, and sister and coheir of Sir John Dalingruge. And the said Sir Edward, z was grandson and heir of John Dalingruge, of Dalingruge in Sussex, by Joan his wife, daughter and heir of Walter de la Lynde, of Bolebroke, by Joan his wife, aunt, and one of the heirs of Philip de Nrvile, and daughter of Hugh de Nevile, by his wife, daughter and one of the heirs of Alice de Curcy, and Warren .Fitzgerald, a noble Baron, and Chamberlain to King John. And the said Alice de Curcy was sister and heir of John de Curcy, Earl of Ulster, in Ireland, son and heir of William de Curcy, Baron of Stoke Curcy, in the reign of Henry II. lineally descended from a Richard de Curcy, a noble Norman, living anno IO9O, in the time of Robert, second Duke of Normandy. According to Kennet's Parochial Antiquities, p. 565, this Sir Thomas Sackville had another wife, Cecily, relict of John Rede, ancestor to the Redes of Borstal, Bucks. The issue of the said Sir Thomas Sackville, by the before mentioned Margaret Dalingruge, became heirs to all the said noble families, and in her right possessed the manors of Daling- ruge, Bodyam, with the castle, Bolebroke, &c. and his Grace the Duke of Dorset, has a right to quarter their arms with his own. Their issue were, first, Andrew, whob died on the feast of the Virgin Mary, in 9 Henry IV. leaving (by Agnes his wife, daughter of Thomas Lewknor, Esq.) Andrew, his son and heir, one year and a half old, who was living at his grandfather's de- cease, but died without issue. The said Agnes took to her second husband, Richard Mill of Gretham, Esq. and afterwards wedded William Kighley. Second, Richard, living in 15 Richard II. c but died without issue, ind 1524, and was buried in our Ladies Chapel at Beyg- ham, as did two other sons, William and John ; whereby the a EX Stemmate. » Orderic. Vital, p. 691, 69a, * Esc. 9 Hen. IV. c Banco Rot. 15 Ric. II. 4 Wecver's Funeral Mon. p. ^19. 102 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. estate descended to Edward, fourth son of the said Sir Thomas Sackville, e wh;> had also four daughters, Joan, Catharine, Alice, married to Reginald Malyn of Chynor in Oxfordshire, Esq. and Elizabeth, to William St. John, of the county ot Sussex. Esq. The said Edward Sackville, fourth son, surviving his father, was heir to his lands unsettled, and also succeeded his nephew in bis estate. He released all his right in Bodyam castle, to the heir of his mother's sister. And having taken to wife Margaret, daughter of Richard Wakehurst, of Wakehurst in Sussex, Esq. departed this f life on Tuesday before Christmas, 1459, leaving Humphrey his son and heir, fourteen years of age and upwards, and was buried at Withiam. Which Humphrey Sackville being under the guardianship of Thomas Hoo, William Gainsford, and Richard Wakehurst, Esqrs. they covenanted, 12Maij, 1453, with Sir Thomas Brown, Knight, chamberlain of the household to King Henry VI. that the said Humphrey should marry Catharine, daughter of the said Sir Thomas, on or before the feast of St. Thomas next ensuing. Which Lady survived him, and he dying on January 24th, 1488-9, was buried at Withiam, under a porphyry stone, with his effigies in armour, treading on a greyhound, and under him this inscription in Roman capitals : " Pray for Humfrey Sake- vyle, Esq. the ivhich discesid the xxiv Day of J any. the yeare of our Lord God, M°CCCO>LXXXVIII. On whose Soul Jhu have Mercy: Amen."'& By the inquisition taken after his death, it appears, that he died seized of divers manors, lands, &c. in Sussex, Oxfordshire, and Essex, and that Richard was his son and heir. He had like- wise two daughters, Elizabeth, and Catharine, as also five other sons, William, who died in 1508 ; John, who was in the King's service at Calais, and left a family ; Edward, fourth son, seated at Dorking in Surry, and by Joan his wife, daughter of- Sir Roger Kynaston, Knight, left issue William, his son and heir,11 who married Rose, daughter of Richard Gaynesford, Esq. and died in Fleet-street, on May 19th, 3 and 4 Phil, and Mar. leaving John, his son and heir, aged twenty years, then seized of the. manor of Polesden Lacy, &c. in com. Surr. and married Ann, daughter of Sir William Harvey, Clarencieux King of Arms, • Ex Stemmate. r Esc. 29 Hen: VI. * It is engraved in Collins's English Baronage, 1727,410. vol. i. p. 39c. k Cole's Esc. MS. lib. i. p. 473, in Bibl. Harley. DUKE OF DORSET. 103 Richard Sackville was ' twenty-eight years of age and upwards on his father's decease, and was k sheriff of Surry and Sussex in the 13th of Henry VII. And the next year, on the King's calling ' together the three estates of the kingdom, to give their assent to the peace m as Camden has observed -, ° and constituted him under treasurer of the Ex- chequer, which office he held to the time of his death. But that he conformed to the protestant religion soon after her accession to the throne, appears as well from other authorities, p as from his being commissioned to visit the diocese of London, for the esta- blishment of religion, according to the order appointed by act and statute, passed and confirmed in the parliament, 1 Elizabeth, and to call before them divers persons of every parish, and swear them " to enquire and make presentment, according to certain injunc- tions devised for the better execution of that they had in charge." He^ was also high steward of the Queen's manors and lands in Kent and Sussex. He represented the county r- of Kent in the first year of Queen Elizabeth j also the county of Sussex in the next parliament, and was chose for the said county in all others whilst he lived j which shews he was favoured of the people. He was a person of a wise foresight, and the Queen's kinsman, by his mother, who was a Boleyn, as the learned Camden relates, in his history of Queen Elizabeth. s And how charitable he was, appears by his will, l dated March 22d, in the 8th of Queen Elizabeth. He therein orders his body to be buried in the parish church of Withiam, in Sussex, in such manner as shall be thought neces- sary, according to his degree j and directs his executors to dispose of 100/. amongst poor people and hospitals ; and for the perpetual sustentation of the poor alms folks at Lewes and Grenested, so much revenue as he has usually paid them, and so much for repa- rations as shall be limited and appointed by his wife and son. He bequeaths to his most gracious Sovereign Lady the Queen's Ma- jesty, these poor tokens following (as he expresses it) viz. one great jewel of a table emerawd with a mallet of dyamonds, a great pearl, and one hundred of great pearls 5 as also a man of dyamonds, set in a brooche : most humbly beseeching her Highness to ac- n Camden's Hist, of Q. Eliz. in Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 369. • Pat. 1 Eliz. p. 4. ' Hollinshed's Chron. vol. iii p 1184, 1 Ex Eviden.apud Penshurst. r Not. Pari MS. Praed. * Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p 402. 1 Ex Regist. Crymes qu. 14, in Cur. Praerog. Cant. DUKE OF DORSET. 10$ «ept those according to his faithful heart, and not according to the value of the gift : and that it will please her Majesty, to be a good and gracious Sovereign Lady to his poor wife and children. He also bequeaths to his son, Thomas, his greatest cheyneof gold, charging him, on his blessing, that he should preserve and leave the same to Robert Sackville, his heir; and further wills to him, his manor of Buckhurst, and all the lands and tenements in Sussex, or elsewhere, which were of his father's, and not assured to his wife; as also his manors of Lanherst and Toleston, with the ap- purtenances, in Sussex, and his manors and lands in Pickham, Pontes, Rye, Westfelde, and Goddstow, in Sussex, and Surrey ; and his other lands, limited in writing to Richard Onslow, An- thony Stapleton, Roger Man wood, Esqrs. John Foote, and Alex- ander Parker, Gent. He bequeaths legacies and annuities to all his relations who were living, and lands, &c. to John and Andrew Sackville, sons of his brother Christopher ; and to all his servants a year's wages; but to those who have served him faithfully, such other recom- pence as his wife and son should limit and appoint. He ordains executors, his dear beloved friend?, Sir "William Cecil, Knight, the Queen's Majesty's secretary ; Sir Ambrose Cave, Knight, chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; Sir William Cordel, Knight, master of the rolls; Sir Edward Saunders, lord chief baron of the Exchequer ; Sir Walter Mildmay, chancellor of the Exchequer; Anthony Brown, one of the justices of the Common Pleas, his well beloved wife, Winefrede Sackville, his loving son Thomas Sackville, and Roger Manwood, Esq. bequeathing to each of them 20/. And appoints overseers, his very good lord, the lord treasurer of England, the Earl of Leicester, the lord admiral, and the Earl of Pembroke ; and wills to each of them 20/. with a black gown ; and to the Earl of Leicester, 50/. part of the 250/. owing to him. By the inquisition taken at East Grinsted after his decease, the jury found u that the said Sir Richard Sackville died on April 21st, 1556, leaving by Winefrede his Lady, (daughter of Sir John Bruges,* Lord Mayor of London, and after- wards the second wife of * John Powlet, Marquis of Winchester ; ■ Cole's Esc. lib.i. p. 1*7. in Bibh Harley. x He was descended from Simon Bruges of the Leye in Herefordshire, temp. Edw. III. younger brother of Thomas Bruges, ancestor of the Chandos family. ' Vincent's MS. Baronage in Coll. Arm. 110 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. she died 1586, and was buried in Westminster Abbey) Thomas Sackville, his son and heir, who was twenty-nine years of age at his decease ; and that he died possessed of several manors in the counties of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent 5 but had in his .lifetime settled a great part ot his estate on his said son Thomas Sack- ville. He had also by his said wife a daughter Anne, married to Gregory Fines, Lord Dacre of the South, who dying without issue by him, z May J 4th, 1505, was buried at Chelsea : having in her will left orders to her executors to build an hospital in Tothill Fields, Westminster, for twenty poor women, and so many poor children, to be brought up under them, For whose main- tenance she assigned lands to the amount of one hundred pounds by the year. Which hospital yet retains her name. Which Thomas Sackville, afterwards Lord Buckhurst and Earl of Dorset, born 1527, a at Buckhurst, in the parish of Withiam in Sussex, was, from his ehildhood, distinguished for his wit and manly behaviour. He was first of the University of Ox- ford, as he confesseth in his letter b (after being elected Chan- cellor) dated Martij 21st, 15C)>, " I am given, by common re- port, to understand, that contrary to your own statutes, &c. a very few retain the old academical habit, which, in my time, was a reverend distinction of your degrees, &c." The place where he studied was, as is supposed, Hart Hall (now Hartford college) but taking no degree there, he retired for a time to Cambridge, °s where he commenced Master of Arts, andd afterwards was a student of the Inner Temple. " At both Universities," says Warton," he became celebrated as a Latin and English poet j and he carried his love of poetry, which he seems to have almost solely cultivated, to the Inner Temple. It was now fashionable Tor every young man of fortune, before he began his travels, or was admitted into parliament, to be initiated in the study of the law. But instead of pursuing a science, which could not be his profession, and which was unac- commodated to the bias of his genius, he betrayed his predilection to a more pleasing species of literature, by composing the tragedy of Gorboduck. 7 Seymour's Survey of London, vol. ii. p. 820. » Fuller's Worthies, in com. Sussex, p. 105- h Wood's Fasti Oxon. P.7C7. c Wood's Athcnce Oxon. p. 297. d Mills's Cat. of Hon. p. 412. DUKE OF DORSET. Ill This tragedy was exhibited in the great hall of the Inner Temple by the students of that society, as part of the entertain- ment of a grand Christmas, and afterwards before Queen Eliza- beth at Whitehall, on January 18th, 15t)l. It was sumptuously printed in 1565, under the title of The Tragedy of Gorloduc, printed by William Griffith, 4to. An exact edition under the in- spection of the authors, (for he was assisted by Thomas Norton) appeared in 1 57 1, entitled The Tragidie of Ferrex and Porrex, &c. imprinted by John Daye, dwelling over Aldersgate. Another edition appeared about 1569, f™m which Mr. Spence printed a modern edition 1/31. " That this tragedy," says Warton, u was never a favourite among our ancestors, and has long fallen into general oblivion, is to be attributed to the nakedness and unin- teresting nature of the plot, the tedious length of the speeches, the want of a discrimination of character, and almost a total ab- sence of pathetic or critical situations." " Yet it must be granted that the language of Gorloduc has great merits and perspicuity j and that it is entirely free from that tumid phraseology, which does not seem to have taken place till play writing had become a trade, and our poets found it their interest to captivate the multi- tude by the false sublime, and by those exaggerated images and pedantic metaphors, which are the chief blemishes of the scenes of Shakespeare, and which are at this day mistaken for his capital beauties by too many readers." e At this time Sackville is said by Warton to have been the in- ventor and principal contributor of that once celebrated collection of historical legends, entitled The Mirror for Magistrates,* imitated from Lydgate's translation of Boccace's Tragedies ; and first edited in 1559, by William Baldwin. But there is some reason to doubt this, as Sackville 's Induction, and Legend of the Duke of Buck- ingham, did not appear appended to that work till the second edition in 1563, when it formed the third article of the Second Part. Niccols indeed in his edition of 1610, says, " That the penmen (of the Chronicle) being many and diverse, all diversly affected in the method of this their mirror, he followed the in- tended scope of that most honourable personage, who, by how much he did surpass the rest in the eminence of his noble con- • Warton's Hist. Poet. vol. iii. p. 355 — 371, where see a full account of this play. f See an account of the editions of this work in Censur. Liter, vol. iii. p. 149. 112 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. dition, by so much he hath exceeded them all, in the excellency of his heroical stile j which, with a golden pen, he hath limned out to posterity,- in that worthy object of his mind, the tragedy of the Duke of Buckingham, and in his preface, then intitled, Mr. Sackville's Induction. This worthy president of learning, intend- ing to perfect all this story himself, from the Conquest, being called to a more serious ex pence of his time, in the great state affairs of his most royal Lady and Sovereign, left the dispose thereof to Mr. Bald wine, &c." It is most probable that Sackville's was originally a distinct design, afterwards adapted to, and inserted in that of Baldwin. It exceeds in dignity and genius all the other contributions to that work beyond all measure. And this conjecture will account for the variation of plan from all the other legends, where the relators in turn personate a character of one of the great unfortunate, and the stories are all connected by being related to the silent person of the assembly, who is like the Chorus in the Greek tragedies, or the Host in Chaucer's Canterbury Talcs. But in Sackville's plan the scene is laid in hell, and the unfortunate Princes appear to him in succession, and utter their respective complaints at the gates of Elysium under the guidance of Sorrow." s The Induc- tion contains some of the finest strains of English poetry ; and some of the most magnificent personifications of abstract ideas in our language ; exceeding Spenser in dignity, and not short of him in brilliance. " The shadowy inhabitants of hell-gate," says Warton, " are conceived with the vigour of a creative imagina- tion and described with great force of expression. They are de- lineated with that fulness of proportion, that invention of pictu- resque attributes, distinctness, animation, and amplitude, of which Spenser is commonly supposed to have given the first specimens in our language, and which are characteristical of his poetry. "\Ve may venture to pronounce that Spenser at least caught his manner of designing allegorical personages from this model, which so greatly enlarged the former narrow boundaries of our ideal imagery, as that it may be justly deemed an original in that style of painting." " The Complaint of Henrye Duke of Buck- ingham, is written with z force and even elegance of expression, a copiousness of phraseology, and an exactness of versification, not to be found in any other parts of the collection." It is high birth, however, and ample patrimony soon ad- s Warton, vol. iii. p. 220. a DUKE OF DORSET. 113 vanced him to important situations and employments. His emi- nent accomplishments and abilities having acquired the confidence and esteem of Queen Elizabeth, the poet was soon lost in the statesman, and negotiations and embassies extinguished the milder ambitions of the ingenuous muse. Yet it should be remembered that he was uncorrupted amidst the intrigues of an artful court j that in the character of a first minister he preserved the integrity of a private man, and that his family refused the offer of an apo- logy to his memory, when it was insulted by the malicious insi- nuations of a rival party." But it may be necessary to return to a more particular account. He was elected one of the* knights for the county h of Westmor- land, to the parliament held in 4 and 5 Philip and Mary j and in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was chose for the county of Sussex. Also in the fifth year of Queen Elizabeth, ' he was returned one of the knights for Buckinghamshire. He after- wards travelled k into foreign parts, and was, for a time, a prisoner in Rome. But upon his return into England, which was pro- cured, to possess the great inheritance of his father, then deceased, he was soon distinguished by that great Queen, and by her order was first knighted by the Duke of Norfolk, ' in her Majesty's presence, 8th Junij, 1567, and ,n the same day advanced to the degree and dignity of a Baron, by the title of Lord Buckhurst, Baron of Buckhurst. In the 14th year of Queen Elizabeth, her Majesty sent him ambassador to Charles IX. of France, to congratulate his marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of the Emperor Maximilian II. where he was honourably received according to his Princess's merit, and his own. Hollinshed, in his Chronicle, p. 1224, 1225, gives a particular account of this embassy. In the 14th year of Queen Elizabeth, he wasn one of the peers that sat on the trial of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. In 28th Elizabeth, after a great conspiracy against the Queen had been detected, the coasts of Sussex and Kent were exceedingly alarmed by fifty ships hovering before Brighthelmstone, as though they intended to land forces j so that the town within a few D Not Pari MS ut antea. Ibid, in com. Bucks, k Fuller's Worthies, p. 105. l Lib. m 6 in Otfic. Arm. m Pat 9EI1Z. p. io- n Hist, of Engl p 437. VOL. II. I \U PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. hours0 advertised the Lord Buckhurst (Lord Lieutenant) of them, and that they expected their landing the next morning, the tide serving very convenient. On which the Lord Buckhurst, with great alacrity, armed his men, gave immediate directions what should be done, and with his company marched to the Downs, and lay there all night, between a village called Rottingdeane, and Brighthelmstone ; whither resorted to him about 1600 men, ready to obey him in what was needful. " His presence (as my author p writes) greatly confirmed the people, who flocked from all parts in heaps, and made towards the coast." The Kentish men likewise, with all celerity, assembled,^ and with no less willingness prepared to have come down well armed, if the news of all being quieted had not been brought to them by the Lord Buckhurst's order, who had sent a vessel well manned to discover them, *' which brought his Lordship intelligence that they were Hollanders, laden with merchandize from Spain, and by contrary winds were forced there." Whereupon I shall only remark, that notwithstanding this proved a rumour, yet the country shewed iheir attachment to the Lord Buckhurst, and how ready they were to venture their lives under his conduct. In 1586, he r was nominated one of the commissioners for the trial of Mary Queen of Scotland, and at that time was of the privy-council j but his Lordship is not mentioned among the6 peers who met at Fotheringay Castle, and condemned the Queen j yet when the parliament had confirmed the sentence, * he was made choice of (probably on that account, or for his accomplish- ments) to let her know it. In 1588, he was sent ambassador to the States of the United Provinces, on their dislike of the Earl of Leicester's proceedings in sundry respects, there to examine the business, and to compose the difference ; u and managing his trust faithfully, Leicester's displeasure against him, and settled favour with the Queen, pie- vailed so far, that on his return he was confined to his house for more than nine months. Queen Elizabeth had, afterwards, the highest esteem of his great merits, so that on April 24th, 1589, x he was elected at Whitehall one of the knights companions of the 0 Castrations of Hollinshed's Chronicle, p. 1565. p Ibid- q Ibid. r Hist, of Engl, p 519. » Ibid. p. $zz- « Ibid. p. 528. » P. 540, 541. * Ashmole's Order of the Carter, p. 301. DUKE OF DORSET. 115 most noble order of the Garter, without being present, or having any knowledge of it; and was? installed December 18th. His installation plate is yet remaining * in St. George's chsfpel in Windsor, which shews it was put up after his being created Earl of Dorset. * The same year he was * one of the peers that sat on the trial of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, April 14th : also being stiled The Queen s beloved and faithful Counsellor was b commissioned, with John Fortescue, Esq. sub-treasurer of the Exchequer, Sir John Hart, Mayor of London, Sir George Barns, Sir George Bond, and Henry Billingsley, Esq. Aldermen of London (whereof his Lordship, and John Fortescue, to be always one) to enquire into the goods of the Spaniards concealed in London, and to call before them such persons as they think proper, and to make seizure, &c. The affairs of the United Provinces being likewise under his inspection, he c was one of the council at Greenwich, April 7th, 15QO, who signed a letter to the States, about the keep- ing of Ostend ; and in 1501, being stiled Dominus de Buckhurst, Magna Pincerna Anglite, was d one of the commissioners that signed a treaty on the part of her Majesty, with the French pleni- potentiaries. Also the same year, he e was one of the Lords of the privy-council that for some time had the custody of the great seal, and the authority of ensealing all writings; the administra- tion of justice being delegated to two justices of the King's Bench, and two of the Common Pleas. His Lordship likewise succeeded Sir Christopher Hatton, in the f chancellorship of the University of Oxford, in opposition to Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, master of the horse to the Queen, who, a little before, was incorporated master of arts in the said University, to capacitate him for that office; being elected chancellor on December 17th, 1591 ; and thereupon he was incorporated master of arts in the University of Oxford, at his lodgings in London, on January 6th, by certain officers appointed by the venerable convocation. In 35 Elizabeth he was in a special commission with I others, " to enquire and find out all such persons as held any secret con- 7 Ashmole's Lives of the Knights of the Garter, MS. Not. m8 in Bibl. Ashm. Oxon- * Pote's Antiq. of Windror, p 294 » Hist of Eng. vol- ii. p 552. * Rymer, torn xvi. p. 82. c MS. in Bibl. Cotton. Not. Caligula, E 6 f 381. d Rymer, torn- xvi. p 151. e Stow's Annals, p. 763 t Wood's Fasti Oxon- p 761, 766, 7^7- * Rymer, torn. xvi. p. 2Qi- 11(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Venticles, or meetings, within ten miles of London, under pre* tence of any exercise of religion, otherwise than according to the laws and statutes of the realm, and to call all such persons before them, imprison them, and punish them as they should see cause." And in September, the same year, visiting h the University of Oxford, her Majesty honoured him with her presence, and staid there several days; where she was agreeably entertained with elegant speeches* plays, and disputations, and received a splendid treat from the Lord Buckhurst. In the 40th year of Queen Elizabeth, he joined with the Lord Treasurer Burleigh in promoting a peace with Spain j but though their endeavours did not produce the desired effect, yet did they tend to take off a great part of the charge of the war t for when the Lord Burleigh lay sick, the States of the United Provinces sent over deputies for renewing their treaty with the crown of England, fearing a peace might be made with Spain ; and the Lord Buckhurst being one of the * commissioners ap- pointed by the Queen to confer with them, a new treaty was con- cluded, and signed by his Lordship and the said ambassadors, whereby the Queen was eased of no less than 120,000/. per ann. besides other advantages. On the death of the Lord Burleigh, the Queen taking into consideration Lord Buckhurst's great services to his country, which had hitherto been at his great expence, k was pleased to constitute him (15th Martij, 41 Elizabeth), Lord High Treasurer of England. In the succeeding year, he l was in commission with Sir Thomas Egerton, lord chancellor, and the Earl of Essex, earl marshal, for negotiating affairs with the senate of Denmark ; as also in a special commission for m suppressing of schism. And afterwards, when libels were dispersed by the Earl of Essex's faction, insinuating, that the Queen and her council took little care of the government, and altogether neglected the state of Ireland ; n his Lordship thought himself concerned to vindicate her Majesty, and thereupon made sharp reflections on those libels, representing how brave and well regulated an army had been sent into Ireland, completely furnished with all manner of provisions, and likewise, that her Majesty had expended on the war there, in h Camden in Hist, of Eng- vol. ii. p. 569. I Camden, praed. p. 6io- >< Pat. 4* Eliz. p. 10, m. 21^ 1 Rymer, torn xvi. p. 350. m Ibid- p. 348. * Hist- of England, vol ii- p 617. DUKE OF DORSET. 117 six months time, the sum of 600,000/. which, he said, the Earl of Essex must own to be true. He was ever watchful for the public good, and her Majesty's safety j and suspecting the Earl of Essex's evil designs, by a greater concourse of people resorting to his house than ordinary,0 he sent his eldest son to pay him a visit, ordering him to observe the company he kept : and afterwards contrived means, whereby the Earl, suspecting his designs were discovered (which had been four months in agitation) he and his friends, forced by their fears, entered on new measures, and breaking out into open rebellion, were obliged to surrender themselves prisoners. When that unhappy nobleman was brought to his trial (together with the Earl of Southampton) the Lord Buckhurst p was constituted, on that occasion, lord high steward of England ; and passing sentence on the Earl of Essex, bis Lordship, 1 in a very eloquent speech, advised him to implore the Queen's mercy. After which it being highly requisite that some of the chief con- spirators, for an example to others, should suffer death, his Lord- ship advised her Majesty to pardon some, and inflict some punish- ment on others. Whereupon he was r in a special commission with the lord keeper, Charles, Earl of Nottingham, lord admiral, Sir Robert Cecil, principal secretary of state, Sir John Fortescue, chancellor of the Exchequer, and others (whereof his Lordship, or any two of those before-mentioned, were to be of the number) to call before them all such as were concerned in the rebellion with Robert, late Earl of Essex, Henry, late Earl of Southampton, &c. and to treat and compound with such offenders, for the re- demption and composition of their lands j and upon sealing, and sufficient surety given for the payment of such fines, &c so as- sessed by them, to cause a pardon to be made out for the said treasons, and of every their said lands. In l602, he was consti- tuted s one of the lords commissioners for exercising the office of earl marshal of England ; and was1 commissioned, with some other lords of the privy-council, to reprieve and stay from execu- tion, all such persons attainted or convicted of any robbery or felony, as they should think convenient, and to commit them to serve in some of her Majesty's galleys, in such order and manner, and for such time, as they should limit or assign. In 45 Eli- o Hist of Eng vol. ii. p. 630 p Ibid. p. 633. Pat. 1 Jac. I- p. iz. e Rymer, torn. xvi. p 608. * Stow's Annals p. 846. « Rymer, p. Co*. DUKE OF DORSET. 110 * That tobacco being a drug brought into England, of late years, in small quantities, was used and taken by the better sort, only as physic, to preserve health j but rinding (through evil custom, and the toleration thereof) that riotous and disorderly persons, of mean and base condition, spent most of their time in that idle vanity, to the consuming of their wages got by their labour, contrary to the use which persons of good calling and quality made thereof}" and perceiving great quantities of tobacco to be daily brought in, wills and commands Thomas, Earl of Dorset, lord high treasurer of England, to warrant and authorize all customers, comptrollers, searchers, &c. to demand the sum of 6s. Sd. on every pound weight, over and above two-pence in the pound usually paid. It further appeareth, that his Lordship shewed a particular concern for the preservation of the records of this kingdom, and the jewels of the e crown \ for Robert, Earl of Salisbury, principal secretary of state, delivers to him several treaties and writings, relating thereto, specified in an indenture on October yth, 1605. And in lGorj, he f was a party to the King's indenture, wherein he annexed divers royal and princely diadems, crowns, coronets, and jewels of great estimation and value, inseparably for ever hereafter, to the crown of this realm ; which his Majesty signed by his Lordship's persuasion and advice, s and the schedule an- nexed was drawn by his order. Being chancellor of the University of Oxford, the noble entertainment, which he gave King James, when he first honoured that University with his presence, and the orders he gave on that occasion, are set forth in a manuscript, l6l E. 17, p. 201, et seq. in the Harleian library, and entitled, * The preparation at Oxford in August \605t against the coming thither of King James, with the Queen and young Prince, together with things, then and there done, and the manner thereof." At length this great and good man, worn out by continual thought for the public good, died suddenly h at the council table at White- hall, on April 19th, 1008, set. eighty-one, and on May 26th fol- lowing, 5 his remains were deposited, with great solemnity, in Westminster Abbey j and Dr. Abbot, his chaplain, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, preached his funeral sermon. Sir Richard Baker k says of his Lordship, " That he had ex- cellent parts, and, in his place, was exceeding industrious] and « Rymer, p- 635. t Ibid- p. 641. P Jbidp 644. *> Stow, p. ?93- I Athenae Oxon vol i p 499. * Chronicle, id Edit, p 596. 120 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. he had heard many Exchequer men say, ' There never was a better treasurer, both for the King's profit, and the good of the subject.' That dying suddenly, at the council table, his death was by some untowardly interpreted ; but his head being opened, there were found in it certain little bags of water, which, whether by the straining of his study the night before, in which he sat up till eleven o'clock, or otherwise, by their own maturity, suddenly breaking, and falling upon his brain, caused his death." The Lord Bacon gives this character of him, in a letter he sent with one of his l books. " May it please your good Lordship, " I have finished a work, touching the advancement or setting forward of learning, which I have dedicated to his Majesty, the most learned of a Sovereign, or temporal Prince, that time hath known. And upon reason not unlike, I humbly present one of the books to your Lordship, not only as a chancellor of an Uni- versity, but as one that was excellently bred in all learning ; which I have ever noted to shine in all your speeches and behaviours. And therefore your Lordship will yield a gracious aspect to your first love j and take pleasure in the adoring of that, wherewith yourself are so much adorned. And so humbly desiring your favourable acceptation thereof, with signification of humble duty, I remain, &c." Sir Robert Naunton, master of the court of Ward*, and a privy counsellor, gives this account of him, m •' My Lord of Buck- hurst was of the noble house of Sackvilles, and of the Queen's consanguinity ; his father was Sir Richard Sackville, or, as the people then called him, Fill-sack, by reason of his great wealth, and the vast patrimony which he left to this his son, whereof he spent in his youth the best part, until the Queen, by her frequent admonitions, diverted the torrent of his profusion. He was a very fine gentleman, of person and endowments, both of art and nature j but without measure magnificent, till on the turn of his humour, and the allay that his years and good counsels had wrought upon those immoderate courses of his youth, and that height of spirit inherent in his house: and then did the Queen, as a most judicious and indulgent Prince, when she saw the man grow stayed and settled, give him her assistance, and advanced him to the treasurership, where he made amends to his house for 1 Letters and Memoirs, p. 16. m Fragmenta Regalia, p 70 DUKE OF DORSET 121 bis mis-spent time, both in the increasment of estate and honour, which the Queen conferred on him, together with an oppor- tunity to remake himself; and thereby to shew, that this was a child that should have a share in her grace, and a taste of her bounty. *' They much commend his elocution, but more the excel- lency of his pen j for he was a scholar, and a person of a quick dispatch (faculties that yet run in the blood) ; and they say of him, t That his secretaries did little for him, by the way of indite- ment, wherein they could seldom please him, he was so facete and choice in his phrase and stile :' and for his dispatches, and the content he gave to suitors, he had a decorum seldom since put in practice; for he had, of his attendants (that took into roll) the names of all suitors, with the date of their first addresses ; and these, in their order, had hearing; so that a fresh man could not leap over his head, that was of a more ancient edition, except in the urgent affairs of state. " I find not that he was any ways insnared in the factions of the court, which were, all his times, strong and in every man's note ; the Howards, and the Cecils on the one part, my Lord of Essex, &c. on the other part : for he held the staff of the treasury fast in his hands, which once in the year made them all beholden to him. And the truth is (as he was a wise man, and a stout) he had no reason to be a partaker, for he stood sure in blood and in grace, and was wholly intentive to the Queen's service; and such were his abilities, that she received assiduous proofs of his suffi- ciency; and it hath been thought, that she might have more cunning instruments, but none of a more strong judgment and confidence in his ways, which are symptoms of magnanimity and fidelity; whereunto methinks his motto hath some kind of re- ference, Aut nunquam tentes, aut perfice ; as though he would have charactered, in a word, the genius of his house, or expressed somewhat of an higher inclination than lay within his compass." Some part of this character has been censured ; as the spend- ing the best part of his estate in his youth. But it is probable, this has been exaggerated : for if it be considered, that he served in parliament in the reign of Queen Mary, and that when his father died, he was twenty-nine years of age and upwards, and his son Robert five years of age (as is evident by inquisitions) it is likely his profuseness (if any) was in the lifetime of his father, whereby he was induced to travel : and the Queen's promoting him to the dignity of peerage on his accession to the estate, and 122 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. employing him on a splendid embassy, in the fourteenth year of her reign, to his great expence, makes it hardly credible, that her Majesty would send him to waste his fortune, had his estate been much impaired, when he was also not possessed of a great part of it, his mother being then living, and enjoying a large jointure. It also further appears, that he negotiated affairs of great weight, long before he had any employment of profit -, whereby it may likewise be concluded, he was before that time grown stayed, and had not expended his fortune, so far as to need the Queen's support. Camden, in his history of Queen Elizabeth, ascribes chiefly the glory of her reign to his patron the Lord Burleigh j but with- out doubt, the Lord Buckhurst was as deeply concerned in the councils of those times, and her Majesty thought him most capable of supplying the place of that great statesman. His Lordship's honour and integrity were, indeed, superior to private views or interests, as all writers testify ; and his taking on him the examination of the conduct of the Earl of Leicester, the Queen's great favourite (whilst he governed the states of Holland) shews, that he valued no man's frowns, when the honour of his country was at stake; this I think proper to observe, in justice to his character, who was certainly, consider him in all capacities, one of the best men of that age. The learned Sir Henry Wotton, in a parallel he has drawn n between Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, says of the Earl of Essex, that he received of Queen Elizabeth three hundred thousand pounds in gifts, besides the fees of his offices, and the disposition of great sums of money in her armies, as it was valued to the Earl of Dorset, who was a wise man, and a strict com- putist. To his literary character may be added, what Warton remarks, that " his original elegance and brilliancy of mind sometimes broke forth- in the exercise of his more formal political functions : for he was frequently disgusted at the pedantry and official bar- barity of style, with which the public letters and instruments were usually framed. Even in the decisions and pleadings of that rigid tribunal the Star Chamber, which was never esteemed the school of rhetoric, he practised and encouraged an unaccustomed style of eloquent and graceful oratory j on which account, says * Reliquiae Wottoniana?, p 24. DUKE OF DORSET. 125 Loyd, ' so flowing was his invention, that he was called the Star Chamber Bell.' After he was made a peer, and had succeeded to a most extensive inheritance, and was now discharging the busi- ness of an envoy to Paris, he found time to prefix a Latin epistle ,to Clerke's Latin translation of Castillo s Courtier, printed at London in 1571, which is not an unworthy recommendation of a treatise remarkable for its polite Latinity. It was either because his mistress Elizabeth paid a sincere compliment to his singular learning and fidelity, or because she was willing to indulge an affected fit of indignation against ihe object of her capricious pas- sion, that when Sackville, in 15()1, was a candidate for the chan- cellorship of the University of Oxford, she condescended earnestly to solicit the University in his favour, and in opposition to his competitor the Earl of Essex. At least she appears to have ap- proved the choice -t for her Majesty soon afterwards visited Ox- ford, where she was entertained by the new chancellor with splendid banquets and much solid erudition. It is neither my design nor my province, to develope the profound policy with which he con- ducted a peace with Spain, the address with which he penetrated or baffled the machinations of Essex, and the circumspection and success with which he managed the treasuiy of two opulent sove- reigns." ° Dr. Abbot (after Archbishop of Canterbury) in his funeral sermon, from the 54th verse of the 40th chapter of Isaiah, gives this further account of his Lordship, which explains some passages before mentioned : " That Queen Elizabeth, not long before her death, being pleased with some special piece of service, which his Lordship had done unto her, discoursed with an honourable person, and counsellor of state concerning him, and was then pleased to decypher out his life by seven steps or degrees. " The first was, his younger days, the time of his scholarship, when first in that famous University of Oxford, and afterward in the Temple, he gave tokens of such pregnancy, such studiousness, and judgment, that he was held no way inferior to any of his time or standing. u The second was, his travel, when being in France and Italy, he profited very much in the languages, in matter of story and state.- And being prisoner in Rome, for the space of fourteen days (which trouble was brought upon him by some who hated him for his love to religion, and his duty to his sovereign "l he so * Warton'sHistE. P. vol. iii. p. an. 124 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. prudently bare himself, that, by the blessing of God, and his temperate kind of carriage, he was freed out of that danger. f* The third step which her Majesty did think good to ob- serve, was (upon return into England) his coming unto her court, where, on divers occasions he bountifully feasted her Highness, and her nobles, and so he did to foreign ambassadors. At that time he entertained musicians, the most curious which any where he could have j and therein his Lordship excelled unto his dying day : then was his discourse judicious, but yet witty and delightful. Thus he was, in his younger days, a scholar and a traveller, and a courtier of special estimation. " The fourth step of his life, noted by her most sacred Ma- jesty, was, his employment of higher nature in embassages beyond the seas. As first, when his Lordship was sent to the French King Charles IX. partly to congratulate his marriage with the daughter of Maximilian the Emperor, and partly about other Weighty affairs, touching both the kingdoms : at which time his Lordship was so honourably attended with gentlemen of choice quality, and was so magnificent in his expence, as was admirable to the French, honourable to his country, and gave much content- ment unto his Sovereign. Secondly, when afterward, in a service of tickle nature, he was employed into the Low Countries, where notwithstanding the sharp sight, which, by some, was carried over him, yet his Lordship behaved himself so warily and dis- creetly, that no blame could be fastened on him. ft The fifth was, his temper and moderation, after his return from thence, when her Majesty, to give contentation to a great personage (Earl of Leicester) in those days of high employment, was pleased to command him unto his own house, there privately to remain, untill her farther pleasure was known : where his Lordship did bear himself so dutifully and obsequiously unto her Highness's command, that in all the time of his restraint, for nine or ten months space, he never would endure, either openly or secretly, either by day or by night, to see either wife or child. A rare example of obedience and observance unto his Sovereign ! " The sixth degree, which was noted by that most renowned lady, was the time that his Lordship was counsellor, before that he was advanced to that high office, which afterward he bare, in which time, he daily shewed great diligence, and sound judgment in her weightiest affairs. " The last of all, was that space wherein he held the room of lord high treasurer of England j in which place she noted the con- fcUKE OF DORSET. 1 125 tinual and excessive pains and care, which his Lordship did take in her business ; his fidelity in his advices j his dexterity in ad- vancing her profit. " Thus it seemed good to that Queen, of blessed memory, in particular to discourse touching her faithful servant." It is further related by Dr. Abbot, that King James, on the death of the Earl of Dorset, had been pleased, divers times, to give many excellent speeches before the lords, concerning him, as his Highness had done formerly while he was living. He also gives this further ac- count of him : N And never was there any nobleman, who, with more humble agnizing, with more feeling and affectionate gratefulness, did en- tertain the favours of his Sovereigns, than this honourable person did, as may fully appear, by many words in his last will. And for other pans of moral virtues how many rare things were in him : who more loving unto his wife, that honourable lady, the mirror of all tiue virtue ; a worthy testimony whereof, he hath recorded in his last will.' Who more kind unto his children, and his grand-children ? Who more fast unto his friend ? Who more moderate to his enemy, if truth were once found out, and staining imputations were wiped away from the integrity of his honour ? Who more true of his word ? It was a noble testimony, which a most honourable personage gave of his Lordship since his death, in a right worthy assembly, that, in much conversation and con- currence, in many causes of great weight and importance, he never heard him speak, or in earnest affirm, that which he found to be otherwise. No nobleman was more given to hospitality, and keeping of a great house, having lived seventy and two p years (for so was his age accounted) and being married more than fifty and three years, unto one and the self-same lady, he kept house for forty and two years in an honourable proportion : for thirty years -of those, his family consisted of little less, in one place, or another, than two hundred persons : but, for more than twenty years, besides workmen and other hired, his number at the least, hath been two hundred and twenty daily, as appeared upon cheque roll. A very rare example in this present age of ours, when house-keeping is so decayed. Who more magnificent than his Lordship in solemn entertainments, as (besides other parti- culars) was manifested abundantly to the world, not long before P It must have been eighty-one, according to his age recorde4 in the in- his wit pleasant, sparkling and sublime, and his other parts of learning and language of that lustre, that he could not miscarry in the world. The vices he had were of the age, which he was not stubborn enough to contemn or resist. He was a younger brother, grandson to the great Treasurer Buckhurst, created at th« King's first entrance Earl of Dorset, who outlived his father, 1 and took care and delight in the education of his grandchild, and left him a good support for a younger brother ; besides a wife who was heir to a fair fortune. As his person and parts were such as are before mentioned, so he gave them full scope without restraint) and indulged to his appetite all the pleasures that season of his life (the fullest of jollity and riot of any that pro- ceeded or succeeded) could tempt or suggest to him. " He entered into a fatal quarrel upon a subject very unwar- rantable with a young nobleman of Scotland, the Lord Bruce ; upon which they both transported themselves into Flanders, and attended only by two chirurgeons placed at a distance, and under an obligation not to stir, but at the fall of one of them, they fought under the walls of Antwerp, where the Lord Bruce fell dead upon the place } and Sir Edward Sackville (for so he was then called) being likewise hurt, retired into the next monastery, which was at hand. Nor did this miserable accident, which he always exceedingly lamented, make that thorough impression upon him, but that he indulged still too much to those importu- nate and insatiate appetites, even of that individual person, that A mistake. 152 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. had so lately embarked him in that desperate enterprize ; being too much tinder not to be inflamed with those sparks. u His elder brother did not enjoy bis grandfather's titles many- years, before they descended, for want of heirs male, to the- younger brother. But in these few years the elder, by an excess of expenee in all the ways to which money can be applied, so en- tirely consumed almost the who^e great fortune that descended to* him, that when he was forced to leave the title to his younger brother, he left upon the matter nothing to him to support it j. which exposed him to many difficulties and inconveniences. Yet his known great parts, and the very good general reputation he had acquired, notwithstanding his defects (for as he was eminent in the |iouse of commons, whilst he sat there, so he shined in the house of peers when he came to move in that sphere) inclined King James to call him to his privy -council before his death. And if he had not too much cherished his natural constitution and propensity, and been too much grieved and wrung by an un- easy and strait fortune,- he would have been an excellent man of business, for he had a very sharp discerning spirit, and was a man of an obliging nature, much honour and gteat generosity, and of most entire fidelity to the crown." A particular relation of this duel which happened in 1613, (as I find it in a' manuscript in Queen's College Library in Ox- ford) may be acceptable to the curious. It contains first the letters previous to the duel, and an account of it wrote by the sur- vivor to his friend, which are as follow : " A Monsieur, Monsieur Sackvile, " I that am in France, hear how much you attribute to your- self in this time, that I have given the world leave to ring your praises j and for me, the truest almanack, to tell you how much I suffer. If you call to memory, when as 1 gave you my hand last, I told you I reserved the heart tor a truer reconciliation. Now be that noble gentleman, my love once spoke, and come and do him right that could recite the trials you owe your birth and country, were I not confident your honour gives you the same courage to do me right, that it did to do me wrong. Be master of your own weapons and time j the place wheresoever, I will wait » E. Lib. MS. in Coll. Reg. Oxon. not Miscell. 1600 to 1630, p. 118. DUKE OF DORSET. 153 on you. By doing this, you shall shorten revenge, and clear the idle opinion the world hath of both our worths. « Ed. Bruce." " A Monsieur, Monsieur Baron de Kinloss, tf As it shall be always far from me to seek a quarrel, so will I be always ready to meet with any that is desirous to make trial of my valour, by so fair a course as you require. A witness whereof yourself shall be, who, within a month, shall receive a strict account of time, place, and weapon, where you shall find me ready disposed to give honourable satisfaction, by him that shall conduct you thither. In the mean time, be as secret of the appointment, as it seems you are desirous of it. " E. Sackvilb." " A Monsieur, Monsieur Baron de Kinloss, M I am at Tergose, a town in Zeland, to give what satisfac- tion your sword can render you, accompanied with a worthy gentleman for my second, in degree a Knight. And for your coming, I will not limit you a peremptory day, but desire you to make a definite and speedy repair, for your own honour, and feaT of prevention ; at which time you shall find me there. u E. Sackvilb." Tergose, ioth of August, 161 v " A Monsieur, Monsieur Sackvile, " I have received your letter by your man, and acknowledge you have dealt nobly with me 5 and now I come, with all possible haste, to meet you. "E Bruce." Sir Edward Sackvile s relation of the Fight letwixi him and the Lord Bruce, in a Letter to a Friend, " Worthy Sir, a As I am not ignorant, so ought I to be sensible of the false aspersions some authorless tongues have laid upon me, in the re- ports of the unfortunate passage lately happened between the Lord Bruce, and myself; which, as they are spread here, so may I justly fear, they reign also where you are. There are but two ways to resolve doubts of this nature } by oath, or by sword. The 154 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. first is due to magistrates, and communicable to friends: the other, to such as maliciously slander, and impudently defend their assertion. Your Jove, not my merit, assure me, you hold me your friend, which esteem 1 am much desirous to retain. Do me there- fore the right to understand the truth of that, and in my behalf, inform others, who either are, or may be, infected with sinister rumours, much prejudicial to that fair opinion I desire to hold amongst all worthy persons. And, on the faith of a gentleman, the relation I shall give, is neither more, nor less, than the bare truth. The enclosed, contains the first citation, sent me from Paris by a Scotish gentleman, who delivered it me in Derbyshire, at my father-in-law's house: after it, follows my then* answer, returned him by the same bearer. The next is my accomplish- ment of my first promise, being a particular assignation of place, and weapon, which I sent by a servant of mine, by post from Rotterdam, as soon as I landed there. The receipt of which, joined with an acknowledgment of my too fair carriage to the de- ceased Lord, is testified by the last, which periods the business^ till we meet at Tergose, in Zeland, it being the place allotted for rendezvous ; where he, accompanied with one Mr. Crawford, an English gentleman for his second, a surgeon, and a man, arrived with all the speed he could. And there having rendered himself I addressed my second, Sir John Heidon, to let him understand, ' That now all following should be done by consent, as concern- ing the terms whereon we should fight, as also the place.' To our seconds, we gave power for their appointments, who agreed, * We should go to Antwerp, from thence to Bergen-op-zoom> where in the mid W3y, but a village divides the States territories from the Arch Duke's :' and there was the destined stage j to thfc end, ' That having ended, he that could, might presently exempt himself from the justice of the country, by retiring into the do- minion not offended.' It was further concluded, ' That in case any should fall, or slip, that then the combat should cease, and he whose ill fortune had so subjected him, was to acknowledge bis life to have been in the other's hand.' But, in case one party's sword should break, because that only could chance by hazard, it was agreed, • That the other should take no advantage, but either then be made friends, or else, upon even terms, go to it again.' Thus these conclusions being, by each of them, related to his party, was, by us both, approved and assented to. Accordingly, we embarked for Antwerp, and by reason my Lord (as I conceive, because he could not handsomely, without danger of discovery) DUKE OF DORSET. \55 had not paired the sword, I sent him to Paris, bringing one of the same length, but twice as broad; my second excepted against it, and advised me to match my own, and send him the choice, which I obeyed, it being, you know, the challenger's privilege to elect his weapon. At the delivery of the swords, which was performed by Sir John Heidon, it pleased the Lord Bruce, to choose my own, and then, past expectation, he told him, * That he found him- self so far behind hand, as a little of my blood would not serve his turn 5 and therefore he was now resolved to have me alone, because he knew (for I will use his own words) that so worthy a gentleman, and my friend, could not endure to stand by, and see him do that, which he must, to satisfy himself and his honour/ Thereunto Sir John Heidon replied, ■ That such intentions were bloody, and butcherly, far unfitting so noble a personage, who should desire to bleed for reputation, not for life $' withall add- ing, ' He thought himself injured, being come thus far, now to be prohibited from executing those honourable offices he came for.' The Lord for answer, only reiterated his former resolution. The which, not for matter, but manner, so moved me, as though, to my remembrance, I had not, of a long while, eaten more libe- rally than at dinner, and therefore unfit for such an action (seeing the surgeons hold a wound upon a full stomach much more dangerous than otherwise) I requested my second to certify him> ' I would presently decide the difference, and therefore, he should presently meet me on horseback, only waited on by our surgeons, they being unarmed.' Together we rode (but one before the other, some twelve score) about two English miles : and then passion, having so weak an enemy to assail as my direction, easily became victor, and using his power, made me obedient to his commands j I being verily mad with anger the Lord Bruce should thirst after my life ; with a kind of assuredness, seeing I had come so far, and needlessly, to give him leave to regain his lost reputation ; I bad him alight, which, with all willingness, he quickly granted, and there, in a meadow (ancle deep in water, at the least) bidding farewell to our doublets, in our shirts began to charge each bther, having afore commanded our surgeons to with- draw themselves a pretty distance from us, conjuring them besides, as they respected our favours, or their own safeties, ■ Not to stir, but suffer us to execute our pleasures.' We being fully resolved (God forgive us) to dispatch each other, by what means we could ; I made a thrust at my enemy, but was short, and in drawing back my arm, I received a great wound thereon, which I interpreted as a 156 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. reward for my short shooting ; but, in revenge, I pressed in to him, though I then missed him also; and then I received a wound in my right pap, which past level through my body, and almost to my back. And there we wrestled for the two greatest, and dearest prizes we could ever expect tryal, for honour and life. In which struggling, my hand having but an ordinary glove on it, lost one of his servants, though the meanest, which hung by a skin, and, to sight, yet remaineth as before ; and, I am put in hope, one day to recover the use of it again. But at last, breath- less, yet quitting our holds, there past on both sides propositions of keeping each other's sword. But when amity was dead, con- fidence could not live ; and, who should quit first, was the question ; which, on neither part, either would perform, 2nd re- striving again afresh, with a kick and a wrench together, J freed my lo:ig captived weapon. Which incontinently levying at his throat, being master still of his, I demanded, if he would ask his life, or yield his sword? both which, though in that imminent danger, he bravely denied to do. Myself being wounded, and feeling loss of blood, having three conduits running on me, began to make me faint, and he courageously persisting not to accord to either of my propositions, remembrance of his former bloody de- sire, and feeling of ray present estate, I struck at his heart ; but, with his avoiding, mist my aim, yet past through the body, and drawing back my sword, repast through again through another place; when he cried, * Oh! I am slain;' seconding his speech with all the force he had, to cast me. But being too weak, after I had defended his assault, I easily became master of him, laying him on his back ; when, being upon him, I re-demanded, c If he would request his life ?' But it seemed he prized it not at so dear a rate, to be beholding for it; bravely replied, * He scorned it.' Which answer of his was so noble and worthy, as J protest I could not find in my heart to offer him any more violence, only keeping him down, till at length his surgeon, afar off, cried out, ' He would immediately die if his wounds were not stopped :! whereupon I asked, * If he desired his surgeon should come ?' which he accepted of; and so being drawn away, I never offered to take his sword, accounting it inhumane to rob a dead man, for so I held him to be This thus ended, I retired to my surgeon, in whose arms, after I had remained a while, for want of blood, I lost my sight, and withal, as I then thought, my life also. But strong water and his diligence quickly recovered me, when I escaped a great danger : for my Lord's surgeon, when no DUKE OF DORSET. 15/ body dreamed of it, came full at me with my Lord's sword j and had not mine, with my sword, interposed himself, I had been slain by those base hands: although my Lord Bruce, weltering in hi* blood, and past all expectation of life, conformable to all his former carriage, which was undoubtedly nobie, cryed out, { Rascal, hold thy hand.' So may I prosper as I have dealt sincerely with you in this relation ; which I pray you, with the inclosed letter, deliver to my Lord Chamberlain : and so, &c. '< Yours, " Ed. Sackvile. «< Louvaine, the 8th of Sept. 1613." At the creation of Charles, Prince of Wales, on November 3d, 1616, he was5 made one of the Knights of the Bath : and in 1620, on a difference between the younger sons of Earls, and the Knights of King James's privy -council, for plice and precedency, it was argued with great solemnity before his Majesty -f when the Earls sons, being sensible of the great abilities of this S;r hdward Sack- vile, and having a knowledge of his learning, judgment, and elo- quence, unanimously deputed him to manage the debate, and speak for them. Sir Edward, by his solid arguments on that oc- casion, so convinced the King, that he declared himself in their favour, and ordered them place and precedency, not only before the Knights, privy counsellors, but also Knights of the most noble order of the Garter, that were not Barons, or, of a higher degree. This remarkable controversy is recited at large with great ex- actness by Sir Henry St. George, garter king of arms ; and the manuscript, in his own hand writing, is now m the library of the present Duke of Dorset. Having been f elected one of the knights for the county of Sussex, to the parliaments held in the reign of James I. he was one of the leading members in the house of com- mons; and elected chairman" of a committee to inspect the abuses of the courts of justice, 12th Martii, lfJ20-21 ; but by reason of some indisposition, Sir R'.bert Fhilips supplied his place. On the 17th of the same month, he was so far recovered, as he appeared in the house, and spoke very eloquently and learnedly in defence of the lord Chancellor Bacon, Viscount St Albans, then accused of corruption. His speeches, in that assembly, shew » Cat. of Nob &c. p. 127. t Ex Collect. Br Willis, Arm. " Introduction to Sir Francis Bacon's Letter, p. 51. 158 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. him net only to be a master of oratory, but steady in the interests of his King and country. In the 21st of James I. on his Ma- jesty's recommending the recovery of the Palatinate, &c. to his parliament, he made a memorable speech in the house of com- mons, which is at large recited in Rushworttis Historical Collec- tions, vol. i. p. 131. He was x one of the principal commanders of the forces, sent in 1620, to assist Frederick, King of Bohemia j and was in the battle of Prague fought on November bth, that year. In July, 1621, he -v was sent ambassador to Lewis XIII. the French King, and having discharged that trust with honour and fidelity, King James I. z called him to be of his privy-council. When his brother the Earl of Dorset died, he a was at Flo- rence in Italy, from whence he returned through France the latter end of May, 1624. Soon after his arrival, he found his brother's estate much incumbered j the said Earl being ever forwardly and honourably disposed, that all his debts might be justly paid, having conveyed divers manors, &c. to Sir George Rivers Knight, and two" others, b as expressed in King Charles's grant of protection to them, wherein is also mentioned, that this Edward, Earl of Dorset, had given his consent for the payment of the said debts. On the accession of Charles I. his Lordship was at the head of all affairs, conducive to the interest of his country. On May 14th, 1625, he, c with the lord president of the council, and others, were appointed commissioners of trade, his Majesty reciting, that, by advice of his privy-council, he had made choice of such persons of quality, of whose experience, judgment, fidelity, industry, and care, he could commit the searching out the decay of trade, and applying remedies for preventing it. And on the 30th of the same month, he was, d with other Lords, in commission to ex- amine into all new erected buildings, within the city and suburbs of London, and prevent them as they should think proper. He was elected Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, May 15th, and installed at Windsor on December 23d, 1625, by his proxy Sir Richard Young, he himself being at that time sick. e x Hist of Eng. vol ii p 650- y Ibid. p. 657. 8 Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, 8vo. vol. i. p. 60. * Records de Famil de Clifford, MS. b Rymer, vol xviil p. 722. c ibid. p. 82. c Ibid, p 97. e Ashmole's Order of the Garter. DUKE OF DORSET. 15Q On January 24th, 1625-6, his f Lordship, with others, were constituted commissioners, and authorized to receive and deter- mine the claims of ail persons, concerning services to be per- formed at the coronation ; and * at that solemnity bore the first sword, part of the regalia. On his Majesty's marriage with Hen- rietta Maria, daughter of the French King, the preceding year, his Lordship was constituted lord chamberlain to the Quern ; and being of the privy-council, shewed himself a true patriot both to his King and country, as appears from the order of council for setting h at liberty those gentlemen that were imprisoned for re- fusing to pay the loan of ship money, as also from other orders for redressing the grievances of the subject ; it being likewise as re- markable of him, that he was never present in council, when warrants were issued for levying soldiers or ship money j neither is his name mentioned in such orders, as * infringed on the liberty of the subject, or were contrary to law, as is evident from Rush- worth's Collections, and other authorities. On February 15th, 1625-6, he k was in commission with other lords of the privy -council, to exercise all jurisdictions, privileges, &c. concerning any spiritual or ecclesiastical jurisdictions in England, Ireland, and dominion of Wales. On September 5th, l626, ' this Earl, with Thomss, Earl of Arundel, being lords lieu- tenant of the county of Sussex, were commissioned to proceed according to martial law, against such soldiers, or mariners, or other dissolute persons joining them, as should commit any murder, robbery, &c. in that county. Also on September 15th following, the King, reciting how the revenues, &c. of the crown of England, had of late years been impaired, &c. he therefore has chosen some of his privy-council, and others of experience and quality, to be commissioners of his revenue, and among them is the Earl of Dorset. They were impowered to retrench all unne- cessary expmices, and to reduce his revenue to more certainty ; and to grant, in fee- farm, all or any of his honours, manors, &c. both in the survey of the Exchequer, and Dutchy of Lancaster ; with other large powers. On November 12th next ensuing, ni the Earl of Dorset is the first in commission (on the war with France) to inquire what ac- f Rymer, vol. xviii. p. 277. * Fuller's Church Hist, p* 122. » Annals of King Charles- p. 230. > Ibid, p 846. k Rymer, vol xviii p 295, et seq. 1 Pat. 2 Car. I. p. 13. n- 14. ra Ibid p. 13. n. f . 166 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. cidents may fall out at sea between the King's subjects and strangers; and on conference with foreign ambassadors, or others experienced in such affairs, to collect such advices and directions, as might tend to the preservation of peace and amity between the King and his allies, and the preventing of all abuses in colouring ships provisions, or goods of our enemies, and the maintenance of justice, as well in matters of commerce as prize. In January, 1 626-7, his Lordship, n with some other peers, were appointed a committee of council for the management of affairs in Ireland. Also, on February 28th, the same year, he was° in commission with others, in consideration of their ap- proved wisdom, fidelity, and sincere affections to the public good, to treat and conclude, with the ambassadors from the States General, an alliance for the public good of Christendom, the de- fence of his Majesty's dominions, and those provinces, and the increase of the long continued amity between England and the States. And by another commission, dated March 6th following, the King setting forth, that he was constrained to enter into a war, p he appoints the Earl of Dorset, and other privy counsellors, commissioners, and a standing council of war, with large powers (in order to the good husbanding of the treasure) for mustering, government of the munition, victuals, apparel, and arms for soldiers, &c. On December 11th, 1628, he was in commission with other privy counsellors to re-examine all proceedings in the court of admiralty, concerning all prizes taken by letters of marque, re- prisals, &c. as well those depending, or should hereafter depend in the said court of admiralty, and the same to affirm, or reverse, alter, &c. as in the judgment of three or more of them, shall be thought fit. In 5 Car. I. he was** in commission, with other privy coun- sellors, to send to sea such ships as they thought proper victualled and equipped in warlike manner, against the pirates, which at that time infested the seas, and very much damaged our trade. lie was also the first in commission r to survey the armour, arms, and munition, in the Tower of London, and elsewhere, and to inquire what stores of armour, &c. both for horse and foot, ordnance, shot, munition, &c. were or are in the custody of the officers of ordnance and armour. n Cox's Hist of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 43. " Rymer, torn xviii p. 975. p Ibid. * Ibid p 102, et teq. ' Ibid. p. tot DUKE OF DORSET. itil Also on January 28th, 1629-SO, his Lordship was one of the commissioners for compounding8 the lines for contempts in not receiving the order of knighthood according to the statute. The same year, he l obtained a grant of the office of high steward of the honour of Grafton, with all privileges, jurisdictions, &c. thereto belonging, in the counties of Northampton and Buckingham, during life. He was afterwards successively in a variety of other important commissions. In 12 Car. I. heu had a grant of the office, and offices of keeper of Grafton park, and Paulerspurie park, in com. North, during life. On x April 10th, 1 636, he was in a special commis- sion to propagate the Christian religion in his Majesty's oolonies, and other parts of the world. Also by* commission bearing the same date, to enquire what new buildings have been erected within the cities of London and Westminster to the prejudice of the King and his subjects. In 1640, being lord chamberlain to the Queen, z and lord lieutenant of the county of Middlesex, he issued orders for the preservation of the peace j and was a specially commissioned one of the regents during his Majesty's absence in Scotland. In 1641, he was b commissioned with the lord keeper to pass such bills of parliament, during the Kings absence in Scotland, as should be ready for the royal assent. His Lordship, whilst he had this power, was so vigilant, and so concerned for his country, that having intelligence of the massacre in Ireland, he and the lords commissioned with him, sent a message to the commons, November 1st, 1641, that they had business of great importance to impart, and desired to do it in person -t which being agreed to, the Earl of Dorset, with the lord keeper, and the lord privy seal, entered the house of commons j and being seated on chairs for them, informed the house, " That they had intelligence of a great conspiracy in Ireland, which was discovered but the night before it was to be put in execution, and they desired they would come to a speedy resolution to suppress the rebels, who were to have seized the castle of Dublin, and the protestants, and all British men, women, and children, were to be cut off.'' This bloody » Rymer,tom. xviii. p. 119. t Pat. $ Car. I- p. 4 n lS- u Pat. 12 Car. I. p. 1 1. n. 3. x Rymer, vol. xx p 8. y Ibid. p. io- z Rushworth, vol. hi p. J 116. Ibid. p. 1236. • Saunderson's Life of King Charles L p 43°- VOL. II. M 162 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. design was to have been put in execution on October 23d, a day dedicated to St. Ignatius, founder of the society of Jesuits ; a particular account whereof, and of the conspiracy, is in Rush- worth's Collections, p. 385, 398, 403, 405, et seq. And in commemoration of this great deliverance, the day is particularly observed in Ireland, and by the gentlemen of that nation in England. The Earl of Dorset, and the lords justices, dispatched Sir Henry Spotswood with an account of the discovery to the King, then at Edinburgh ; and on his Majesty's return, his Lordship was sent by him, on December 28th, 1(541, c with a message to the lords, " That being sensible of the miseries of Ireland, he will, as he hath offered, raise 10,000 volunteers, if the commons will undertake to pay them." His Lordship had too discerning a judgment not to perceive the designs of those who involved us in the utmost confusion j and had the interest of his country so much at heart, as to op- pose all their unwarrantable proceedings j for at that time, as the bill against the bishops depended in the house of peers, and means had been used to bring down a mob to insult them, he, as lord lieutenant of Middlesex, having command of the train bands, ordered them to fire ; which so frighted the rabble, that they left the place. Lord Clarendon observes d of this, that the house of commons, incensed that their friends should be soused, much inveighed against the Earl of Dorset, and talked c< of accusing him of high treason, at least of drawing up some impeachment against him ; giving those hints of their displeasure, that he might have the more care how he carried himself." And it is highly probable they would have been in earnest, could they have grounded any matter of accusation against him. Persevering in his duty to the King, he waited on him at York, and was one of those noble peers e who subscribed a decla- ration, (on June 15th, 1642) " of their being witnesses of his Majesty's frequent and earnest professions of his abhorring all de- signs of making war upon his parliament, &c. ; but that all his endeavours tend to the firm settlement of the true protestant reli- gion, the just privileges of parliament, the liberty of the subject, the law, peace, and prosperity of this kingdom." But when he found a party in the two houses too strong to be satisfied (his c Saunderson's Life of King Charles I- p-472. 4 Hist, of Reb 8yo vol. ii. p 335. e Ibid. p. 655, 656. DUKE OF DORSET. 16* Lordship, f the Earl of Southampton, and Sir John Culpepper, being sent by the King with his message for peace) he then sup- plied the King with money, attended him s in the field, and at the battle of Edgehill, behaved himself with the greatest bravery, h leading on the troops that retook the royal standard, ' which the enemy had taken when Sir Edward Verney was killed. After the Earl of Essex, lord chamberlain . to the King, had forsook his Majesty's interests, the Earl of Dorset was declared lord chamberlain of the household in his place ; and waiting on the King at Oxford, he took all occasions to bring about an ac- commodation between his Majesty and his parliament, as appears by a speech whieh he made at the council table in 1642-3, against continuing the war, in answer to a speech of the Earl of Bristol, and which is preserved in Rushworth's Collections, vol. v. p. 128. He was afterwards among those peers assembled in parlia- ment at Oxford, in January, 1(543-4, and had the chief hand in drawing up a letter, and procuring it to be subscribed by them, and directed to the Earl of Essex, k " Inviting him to use his in- terest for making peace, conjuring him, by all the obligations that have power upon honour, conscience, or public piety, that laying to heart, as they did, the inward bleeding condition of their country, and the outward more menacing destruction by a foreign nation, upon the very point of invading it, he would co-operate with them for its preservation." Whilst his Lordship continued with the King, he left no means unattempted for re-establishing the peace and welfare of his country, though the turbulent spirits of some among both parties hindered the desired effect. After the treaty at Uxbridge, his Majesty proposing to have a personal treaty with the houses of parliament at Westminster, his Lord- ship was nominated (in December, 1045) among those * to whom his Majesty was willing to commit the trust of the militia for such time, and with such power, as was expressed by his commissioners at Uxbridge, believing them unexceptionable persons. But no treaties taking effect, and the King having put himself under the power of the Scots army/ the Earl of Dorset,"1 with the Marquis of Hertford, the Earl of Southampton, and others of the council, signed the capitulation for the surrender of Oxford, on June 20th, f Hist, of Reb. 8vo vol. iii- p. 8. t Ibid p. 38. * Hist, of the Revolution in England, p. 6z. » Sir John Smith was the individual who retook it. k Annals of King Charles I. p. 877 * Whitlock's Memorials, p 191. » Ibid. p. %i$. 164 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. 1646; whereby they had liberty to compound for their lands, and not to be rated at above two years revenue for estates of in- heritance, &c. When the King was delivered to the English array, and brought to Hampton Court, his Lordship, n the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, the Marquis of Ormond, the Earl of Southampton, and the Lord Seymour, repaired thither in October, 1647, intending to reside there as his council; but. the army declaring against it, they were obliged to leave his Ma- jesty. In the succeeding times, there was no room for employ- ment of men of his Lordship's honour and principle ; and he took ° so much to heart the murder of Charles I. that he never after stirred out of his house (as is observed by Sir Edward Walker) and departed this life p on Saturday, July 17th, 1652, at his house in Salisbury court, called Dorset House, and was buried with his ancestors at Withiam. The greatest part of, or all his estate, was under sequestration on account of his loyalty ; and the houses at Westminster, in 1045, ordered his son, n the Lord Buekhurst, a fifth of it for his maintenance, with Dorset House, in Salisbury court, London. This noble peer took to wife Mary, r daughter and heir to Sir George Curzon of Croxhall, in com. Derby, Knight, (by his wife Mary, daughter and heir of Sir Walter Leveson of Lillishul, in com. Salop, Knight), who had the seat of Croxhall, and a great estate in Derbyshire, to her fortune. She was a Lady accom- plished with all virtues, and of an excellent judgment, whom King Charles I. entrusted with the tuition of the Princess his daughter; and she was also lady governess of James Duke of York in 1638. Her conduct and prudence were so conspicuous, that when she died, both lords and commons, sitting at West- minster, s ordered that her funeral should be at the public ex- pence j and she was buried with great state and solemnity, on September 3d, 1645. His Lordship had issue1 by her, a daughter, Mary, who died young, also two sons, Richard his successor; and Edward, who married Bridget, Baroness Norreys, daughter n Whitlock's Memorials, p. 275. • Account of Knights of Garter, MS. penes J. Anstis, Arm. * Heylin's Help to Hist, p 304. Et Journal of Robert Earl of Leicester, MS. t Whitlock's Memorials, p. 191. ' Seymour's Survey of London, vol. i. p. 782. • Whitlock's Memorials, p. 141, 154, 16 $ * Ex Stemmate. DUKE OF DORSET. 165 and sole heir to Edward Wray, Esq. (third son of Sir William Wray, of Glentworth, com. Line. Bart.) by his wife Elizabeth, daughter and heir to Francis, Lord Norreys, Earl of Berkshire; and being with his father at Oxford, was wounded in the fight at Newberry, September 20th, 1643. Also in 1646, being with a party of the King's forces at Kidlington, u three miles from that city, he was taken prisoner by the parliament forces, and after- wards x barbarously and cowardly stabbed to death by a soldier at Chawley, near Abingdon in Berkshire, and buried at Withiam, leaving no issue. Richard, fifth Earl of Dorset, the eldest son, born at Dorset House, September l6th, 1622, was elected y for the borough of East Grinsted, to that parliament begun at West- minster, November 3d, 1640, bearing the title of Lord Buckhurst; and was2 in the list of those who were reproached for being Straffordians, being one of the fifty-nine who voted against the attainder of the Earl of Strafford. His Lordship succeeded his father in 1652, and on the meeting of the house of lords in 1660 (after being laid aside by Cromwell) this Richard, Earl of Dorset, was admitted with other noble peers, who having succeeded to the honours of their fathers, had never sat in the house. He was before this in credit with other nobles, who meant to restore the royal family, monarchy, and episcopacy; and on taking his place in the house, was at the head of all affairs in that critical time, .when the lords concurred with General Monk, and had a gie.it share in the happy settlement of the kingdom. On their first as- sembling, they sent a message to the general, ' That they would employ their councils, and utmost endeavours with him, for the procuring a safe and well grounded peace.' On April 26th, the Earl of Dorset a was appointed one of the peers appointed to frame an ordinance, for constituting a com- mittee of safety of both houses, and report the same to the house. The day after, they ordered a conference with the house of com- mons, ' To consider of some ways and means to make up the breaches and distractions of the kingdom.' And appointing a committee to consider of the privileges of their own house, the Earl of Dorset was chosen chairman of that committee. On May 1st, they ordered the Earl of Dorset and five other lords, or Whitlock, p. 160. x St George's Baronage, MSS. predict. Annals oi King Charles I. p 875. 7 Ibid, p 895. » Journal. Dom Frocer- ja Car II- 166 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. i any four, to meet every Saturday in the afternoon, as a com- mittee to peruse and perfect the journal book of their house, once a week. And it appears by the journals, that the Earl of Dorset was also chairman for settling the militia ; and chairman of the committee for the King's reception, and of several other com- mittees. On May 2d, it was ordered that the statues of the late King's Majesty be again set up in all the places from whence the same were pulled down, and that the arms of the commonwealth be demolished wherever they are, and the King's arms set up in their rooms ; and that the King's Majesty be publicly prayed for by all ministers in their churches ; and that some place be considered of, where General Monk's statue shall be set up. All which parti- culars were referred to the committee of privileges (whereof the Earl of Dorset was chairman) to consider and make report to the house. On May 4th, the Earl of Dorset reported from the lords the judgment given in the house against the Earl of Northampton, and others, in July, 1(542. On which it was ordered, that the Earl of Lincoln, the Earl of Dorset, the Viscount Say and Sele, and the Lord Craven, do presently meet, and draw up an order to re- peal the said judgment, and report the same to the house pre- sently ; and the Lord Chief Baron Wild to assist their lordships. Thereupon the same day the Earl of Dorset reported the draught of an order, concerning the nine impeached lords, which was read, and approved of by the house as follows : " Whereas upon Wednesday the 20th of July, l6-i2, it was by the lords, then assembled in parliament* awarded and adjudged in these words following : that is to say, that Spencer, Earl of Northampton, William, Earl of Devonshire, Henry, Earl of Dover, Henry, Earl of Monmouth, Charles, Lord Howard of Charlton, Robert, Lord Rich, Charles, Lord Grey of Ruthen, Thomas, Lord Coventry, and Arthur, Lord Capel, shall not sit and vote in the lords house, during this present parliament; second, that they shall not enjoy the privilege of parliament; third, that they shall stand committed to the Tower, during the pleasure of this house, with other matteis therein contained, as by the said judgment and award remaining on record may appear. Now, upon serious debates and considerations, had by the lords now as- sembled in parliament, of the said judgment or award, and of the matters and things therein contained; they do declare, ordain, and adjudge the said judgment or award, and every matter therein, shall be repealed, annulled, and made void, &c." On May 8th, they appointed a committee to consider of all DUKE OF DORSET. 167 things for the reception of the King, in such a manner, as may be most for his honour and expedition of his coming j of which the Earl of Dorset was chosen chairman. And sent a message to the commons to join a proportionate number of their house to them, to meet and agree, in what manner his Majesty's reception in England may be most for his honour. The next day the Earl of Dorset reported from the committee of privileges, " That their lordships think fit for the peers of this kingdom, to assess them- selves with horse and arms for the militia, and not to be rated and assessed by the commissioners of the county." Which was accordingly ordered by the house. The same day he reported from another committee, " An ordinance for constituting a com- mittee of both houses of parliament, for managing the great affairs of the kingdom, and settling the militia for the safety thereof" Which was read twice, and recommitted. Also a committee being then appointed to receive informations where any of the King's goods, jewels, or pictures are, and to advise of some course how the same*" may be restored to his Majesty, he was chosen chairman thereof: and on the 12th of May, ordered that all persons possessed of any of the King's goods, jewels, or pictures, shall "bring them in to the committee within seven days, on forfeiture of all such goods, &c. and that this order be forth- with printed and published. May 15th, the Earl of Dorset re- ported from the committee, for the King's reception, '* That they yesterday had before them several of the King's servants, and Sir Robert Fenn, and Sir Henry Wood, clerk of the green cloth, Mr. Kennersley of the wardrobe, Mr. Armory of the stable, and Mr. Jackson, clerk of the kitchen, gave in their estimates, viz. £■ s. d. For necessaries for the King's present reception, as silver plates of all sorts and sizes 2000 0 O For table linen of all sorts 300 0 O For a week's diet, at 50/. per diem 350 0 0 For coaches and stables 2950 0 O For furnishing his Majesty's bed chamber .... 1801 *1Q 0 For repairing the Meuse 1000 O 0 Somerset House estimated at 500 0 0 The crown and scepter, besides robes 900 O 0 In all 14501 19 O Which report was confirmed. 168 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. May the 29th, the lords went, as a house, to wait on his Ma- jesty at Whitehall j and the next day, the Earl of Manchester, the speaker acquainting them, that the Duke of York, and the Duke of Gloucester, commanded him to return thanks for their lordships civility to them, and to signify their desire to come and sit in the house as members, and that places may be provided for them j the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Dorset, and the Earl of Bridgewater, were named to attend immediately his Ma- jesty, and acquaint him, that there being no precedents that shew where their proper places are, they desire his Majesty will please to consult with what persons he pleases herein, and then to de- termine the place himself ; and the:r lordships were to acquaint the Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester with his Majesty's answer. Whereupon, on their return, the Earl of Northumberland re- ported, " that his Majesty said, he conceived that the seat on the right hand of the state, where the King of Scots antiently used to sit, will be of no more use now, seeing that title is involved in his Majesty. And his Majesty said, he himself sat in that seat as Prince of Wales, therefore desired that place might be reserved for the Prince of Wales ; and that the seats on the left hand of the state may be fitted up speedily for his brothers, the Duke of York and Duke of Gloucester. And accordingly the house gave directions to have it done." WThat I have mentioned shews that this Earl of Dorset had the same public spirit, judgment, and learning, as his ancestors ; but as his noble father had been so great a sufferer, and his Lordship himself imprisoned for adhering to King Charles. I. his having no employment in the court of Charles II. was, I pre- sume, his own choice ; but on July 30th, 1660, he was, jointly with Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, constituted lord lieutenant of Middlesex, and city of Westminster. In October, the same year, he b was commissioned with other lords, for the trials of the regi- cides of King Charles I. And at the coronation of Charles II. April*23d, 1661, wasc appointed sewer of England for that day, and had the Earl of Chesterfield his assistant. On November 3d, in 13 Car. II. l66l, he wasd admitted, with his Royal Highness the Duke of York, into the society of the Inner Temple. On July 15th, 16/0, he e was constituted jointly with Charles Lord Buckhurst, his son, Lord Lieutenant of the county of Sus- b Baker's Chron. 7th Edit. p. 731. c Ibid. p. 738. 4 Dugdale's Orig. Jurisd. p 158. • Pat %% Car. II. DUKE OF DORSET. 169 sex, and Custos Rotulorum thereof. His Lordship deceased on August 2/th, 1677; and in his private capacity was an indulgent husband, tender father, and a generous friend. f He had to wife the Lady Frances, daughter to Lionel Cran- iield, first Earl of Middlesex, and at length, heir to Lionel, third Earl of Middlesex, her brother. Her Ladyship, surviving him, was married, secondly, to Henry Powle, Esq. master of the rolls j and living to be very aged, died on November 20th, 1692. She had only issue by the Earl of Dorset, viz. seven sons, 8 and six daughters. First, Charles, who succeeded him in his honours and estates j second, Edward, who was born on April 2d, 1641, and died unmarried in the year 1678 j third, Lionel, who was born on June 25th, 1645, and died on July 21st following j fourth, Richard, who was born on April 30th, lfj4(i, and deceased in the year 1712; a second Lionel, who was born on October 25th, 1056, and died young -, sixth, Cranfield, who was born on De- cember 18th, 166O, and died on January 1st following; seventh, Thomas, who was born on February 3d, ld62, and departed this life on August 14th, 1675. The six daughters were, the Ladies Elizabeth, Anne, and Catharine, who all died young ; Lady Mary, who was born on February 4th, 1646, and married to Roger Boyle, Lord Eroghill, son and heir of Roger, first Earl of Orrery j Lady Anne, born on June 7th, 1650, and married to Alexander, fourth Earl of Hume in Scotland; Lady Frances, born on February 6th, 1655, and married on December 11th, ]tJ83, to Sir George Lane, of Tuske, in the county of Roscommon, Knight and Baronet, and then principal secretary of state, and of the privy-council, to Charles II. in Ireland, and afterwards created Lord Viscount Lanesborough. Charles, sixth Earl of Dorset, was born on January 24th, 1637, and was one of the best bred men of the age. On the re- storation of Charles II. he was chosen one of the members for East Grinsted, being then stiled Lord Buckhurst, and distinguished himself, whilst he was in the house of commons. Burnet says, u Lord Dorset was a generous good-natured man. He was so oppressed with phlegm, that till he was a little heated with wine, he scarce ever spoke: but he was upon that exalta- tion a very lively man. Never was so much ill-nature in a pen, as in his, joined with so much good nature, as was in himself, even t He had some pretensions to authorship. See Park's R. and N. A. « Ex Stemmate 170 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. to excess j for he was against all punishing even of malefactors. He was bountiful even to run himself into difficulties ; and charitable to a fault 5 for he gave all that he had about him, when he met an object that moved him. But he was so lazy, that though the King seemed to court him to be a favourite, he would not give himself the trouble that belonged to that post. He hated the court, and despised the King, when he saw he was neither generous, nor tender-hearted." " But when the honour and safety of his country demanded his assistance, he h readily entered into the most active parts of life 3 and underwent the greatest dangers, with a constancy of mind, which shewed that he had not only read the mles of philo- sophy, but understood the practice of them." He went a volun- teer under his Royal Highness the Duke of York, in the first Dutch war, 1665, when, on June 3d, the Dutch admiral, Opdam, was blown up, and above thirty capital ships taken and destroyed. And his making ' a song the night before the engagement, carried with it so sedate a presence of mind, and such unusual gallantry, that it was particularly taken notice of j and his behaviour distin- guished him to be a true heir to the virtues and courage of his ancestors. From hence, during the remaining part of King Charles's reign, he continued to live in honourable leisure j was of the bed-chamber to the King, and possessed not only his master's favour, but in a great degree his familiarity ; never leav- ing the court but when he was sent to that of France, on some short commissions and embassies of compliments ; as if the King designed to shew the French, who would be thought the politest nation, that one of the finest gentlemen in Europe was his sub- ject j and that we had a Prince who understood his worth so well, as not to surfer him to be long out of his presence. Among other commissions, he was sent in 1669, to compliment the French King, on his arrival at Dunkirk, in return of the compliment of that monarch, by the Duchess of Orleans, then in England. Being possessed of the estate of his uncle Lionel, Earl of Mid- dlesex, who died in l£>74, he was created Earl of that county, and Baron of Cranfield in com. Bedford, by letters patent dated at Westminster, April 4th, 1675. And on August 27th, 1677, succeeded his father as Earl of Dorset ; also as Lord Lieu- tenant of the county of Sussex, having been joined in the com- mission with him in 1670, as before mentioned 5 and on February i» Prior's Epist. Ded-to his Poems. » Ibid. DUKE OF DORSET. 171 20th, 1684-5, was made Custos Rotulorum of that county, and Lord Lieutenant on April 9th. Having buried his first Lady, Elizabeth, daughter of Hervey Bagot, of Pipe Hall, in com. War- wick, Esq. widow of Charles Berkeley, Earl of Falmouth, with- out any issue by her ; he married, secondly, on March 7th, 1684-5, the Lady Mar)-, daughter of James Compton, Earl of North- ampton, famed for her beauty, and admirable endowments of mind, who was one of the ladies of the bed-chamber to Queen Mary, and left his Lordship again a widower, on August 6th, 1691, leaving issue by him one son, his Grace Lionel Cranfield, seventh Earl and first Duke of Dorset ; and one daughter, the Lady Mary, born k at his Lordship's seat at Copthall in Essex, on April 24th, 1688, married in the year 1702, to Henry Somerset, second Duke of Beaufort, and died in childbed, without leaving any issue, on the 18th of June, 1/05. At the coronation of James II. and his Queen, his Lordship attended, and bore part of the Queen's regalia, viz. the Ivory Rod with the Dove: *' But that reign neither relished his wit, nor approved his maxims; so he retired altogether from court. Yet, when the irretrievable mistakes of that unhappy government went on to threaten the nation with something more terrible than a Dutch war, he thought it became him to resume the courage of his youth, and once more to engage himself in defending the liberty of his country." He appeared in court at the trial of the seven Bishops, on June 29th, 1688, accompanied with other noblemen, which had a good effect on the Jury, and brought the judges to a better temper than they had usually shewed. He also engaged with those who were in the Prince of Orange's interest, and carried on his part of that great enterprize in London, and under the eye of the court, with courage and resolution. When Prince George had left the King, and joined the Prince of Orange, so that the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was in such violent apprehensions of the King's displeasure, tha,t being desirous of withdrawing herself, the Earl of Dorset was thought the pro- perest guide of her flight j l and being secretly brought to him by his Lady's uncle, Henry Compton, Bishop of London, his Lord- ship and his excellent Lady furnished her Royal Highness with every thing necessary towards it, and attended on her northward as far as Northampton, where he quickly brought a body of horse k From the Register of the Church of Waltham Holy Cross- » Burnet's Hist, of his own Times, p. 79*. l ;2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. to serve for her guard, and from thence went on to Nottingham, to confer with the Duke of Devonshire $ and acted in concert with him. His Lordship was at London"1 on December 11th, the day after King James had first withdrawn himself, and continuing there, was one of the principal peers who had the management of affairs till the Prince of Orange's arrival : and, in the debates in .parliament, argued, and voted, " for the vacancy of the Throne ; and that the Prince and Princess of Orange should be declared King and Queen of England, &c." When their Majesties had accepted the crown of these realms, on February 13th, 1 688-9, his Lordship11 was the next day sworn of their privy- council, and declared lord chamberlain of their housholdj " A place which he eminently adorned, by the grace of his person, the fineness of his breeding, and the knowledge and practice of what was decent and magnificent." Having been re- moved in the late reign, he was now again ° constituted Lord Lieu- tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex. There were no factions, though irreconcileable to one another, that were not united in their affection to his Lordship, and were not equally pleased in his advancement. He had a part in the councils of those Princes, a great share in their friendship, and all the marks of distinction, with which a good government could reward a patriot. On July 2/th, 1689, he stood godfather (as proxy for his Danish Majesty) with King William, to William, Duke of Gloucester, v When the King had been earnestly entreated by the States of Holland, and the confederate Princes in Germany, to meet at a general congress, to be held at the Hague, in order to concert matters for the better support of the confederacy, and thereupon took shipping, January 16th, 1690-91, his Lordship was among those peers, n who, to honour their King and country, waited on their Sovereign in that cold season. When they came within two or three leagues of Goree, his Majesty, having by bad weather been kept four days at sea, was so impatient to go on shore, that taking boat, and a thick fog rising soon after, they were surrounded so closely with ice, as not to be able either to make the shore, or to get back to the ship 5 so that lying twenty- m Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 533, 53$, &c » Ibid- p$5o- • Bill, sign 1 W. and M. P Hist, of Eng. vol iii. p 566. constituted constable of Dover Castle, and warden and admiral of the Cinque Ports, for the term of his na- tural life. At the accession of the present King, his Grace was continued among the privy counsellors, and appointed vice-ad- miral, lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the county of Kent, and of the city and county of Canterbury ; was also high steward of Stratford upon Avon, in Warwickshire, and LL. D. His Grace departed this life on 10th of October, b 17^5, in the seventy-ninth year of his age, and was buried with his ancestors at Withiam. His Grace, in January I7O8-9, married Elizabeth, daughter of lieutenant general Walter Philip Colyear, brother to David, Earl of Portmore. Her Grace was one of the maids of honour to her Majesty Queen Anne, and first lady of the bed chamber, and lady of the robes, to Queen Caroline, when Princess of Wales, and to the time of her Majesty's decease; on July l(3th, 1727, was appointed groom of the stole to her Majesty; and represented b Ex Coffin Plate. VOL. 11. n 173 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. the Queen of Prussia, as godmother to the Duke of Cumberland. Her Grace died on June 4th, 1768, and was buried at Withiam. His Grace had issue by her, First, Lady Anne Sackville (so named by Queen Anne, her godmother) who died in the eleventh year of her age, on March 23d, 1/20-r. Second, Charles, his son and heir, of whom hereafter. Third, Lady Elizabeth Sackville, born in 1712, married on December 6th, 1726, to Thomas, Lord Viscount Weymouth, but died before cohabitation (whilst his Lordship was on his travels) on June J 9th, 1729. Fourth, Lord John Philip, born on June 22d, 1713, who was chosen member for Tamworth, to the parliaments summoned in 1734 and 17.41 -, he was appointed to the lieutenancy of Dover Castle in July, 1/34 ; in September, 1736, made equerry to her Majesty ; in January 1744-5, constituted gentleman of the bed- chamber to Frederick Prince of Wales ; and (lied on December 3d, 1765. His Lordship married Lady Frances, daughter of John Earl Gower, by whom he had issue, John Frederick, the late Duke of Dorset; and a daughter, Mary, who on August 30th, 17^7> married Sackville Tufton, Earl of Thanet, and died in Sep- tember 177S. Fifth, Lord George Germaine, c born January 26th, 1715-16, of whom we shall speak under Viscount Sackville, Sixth, Lady Caroline, who bad his late Majesty for her god^ father, was married on July 27th, 1742, to Joseph Damer, Lord Milton, and died March 24th, 1775. Seventh, Charles second Duke of Dorset, was born on February 6th, 17 10-11. In 1734, was made governor of Walmer Castle, and elected to parliament for East Grimsted ; d also to the next parliament summoned to meet on June 25th, 1741, was chosen for the same place $ likewise knight of the shire for the county of Sussex j e having been on May 26th, 1741 (before the meeting of the parliament) constituted, by his Majesty, high steward of the honour of Otford in the county of Kent, in order to his election for the county. On December 24th, 1743, ac- cepting the place of one of the lords commissioners of the treasury, he was again chosen for the county of Sussex -, f and resigning his c Created February $t% 1782, Baron Bolebroke and Viscount Sackville. * Pari. Regist/No. 195. e Ibid. No. 187. t Ibid, DUKE OF DORSET. 179 place in the treasury in 1747, he was soon after constituted master of the horse to his late Royal Highness, Frederick Prince of Wales, and in that quality attended his funeral, April 13th, 1751. In the parliament which sat first on business, November 12th, 1747, * he was elected for the borough of Old Sarum in Wilt- shire, and in the two next for East Grimsted. His Grace married Grace, daughter and sole heir of the Right Honourable Richard Boyle, Lord Viscount Shannon of the king- dom of Ireland, of whom under the title of Lord Boyle. Her Ladyship, in June 1745, was appointed mistress of the robes to Augusta, Princess of Wales -, and was one of the ladies of her bed-chamber when she died, May 10th, 1763, universally es- teemed for her many virtues and accomplishments. On the death of his father, he succeeded to the family titles and estates, was ap- pointed lord lieutenant, vice-admiral and custos rotulorum of the county of Kent, and city of Canterbury j elected high steward of Stratford-upon-Avon j and sworn of his Majesty's most honourable privy-council. He possessed the hereditary talents of his family j and was endowed with a brilliance of fancy, and elegant fluency of language which displayed themselves in many occasional com- positions, and attracted the just admiration of the public.11 His Grace died without issue, on January 6th, 1769, and was suc- ceeded by his nephew, John Frederick, son of his next brother, John Philip, by Frances, daughter of John Earl Gower, as before mentioned. Which John Frederick the third Duke of Dorset, previous to his succeeding to the peerage, was representative in parliament for the county of Kent. His grace was lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the county of Kent, and city of Canterbury, and vice admiral of the coasts of the said county. In December 1783, his Grace was appointed ambassador to France, which office he held for some years. In 1782, he was appointed captain of the yeomen of the guard j and on October 7th, 1789, on the death of the Duke of Chandos, he was made lord steward of the household, which he held till the beginning of 1799- He married, January 4th, 179O, Arabella Diana Cope, daughter and coheir of Sir Charles Cope, Bart, (by Catharine, daughter of Sir Cecil Bisshopp, Bart. ; which Lady remarried the present Earl of Liver- pool.) By her he had issue, first, Mary, born July 30th, 1792; second, George John Frederick, present Duke; third, Elizabeth, « Ibid. No. ai6. * Sec Park's Royal and Noble Authors. 180 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. born August 11th, 1795. His Grace died July 19th, I fQQ ; and his widow remarried in April 1801,, Charles Lord Whitworth. George John Frederick, his only son, born November 15th, 1793, is present, and fourth Duke of Dorset. Titles. George John Frederick Sackville, Duke and Earl of Dorset, Earl of Middlesex j Baron of Buckhurst, and Baron of Cranfield. Creations. Baron of Buckhurst in Sussex, by letters patent, June 8th, 1566, 8 Eliz. Earl of the county of Dorset, March 13th, l603-4, 1 Jac. I. Baron Cranfield of Cranfield, in the county of Bedford, and Earl of the county of Middlesex, April 4th, 1675, 2/ Car. II. and Duke of the county of Dorset, June 13th, 1/20, 6 Geo. I. Arms. Quarterly, Or and Gules, a bend, Vaire. Crest. Out of a coronet, adorned with Fleurs de Lis, Or, an estoile of twelve points, argent. Supporters. Two leopards, Argent, Spotted Sable. Motto. Aut nunquam tentes aut perfice. Chief Seat. At Knowle, in the county of Kent, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.' 18! PELHAM, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. " The first of this family, of whom I have found mention," says Dugdale," is Geffery de Clinton, lord chamberlain a and treasurer to King Henry I. grandson to William de Tankervilla, chamber- lain of Normandy, and Maud his wife, daughter of William de Arches, as some say. b But of this I have some reason to doubt, in regard that a writer0 of credit cotemporary with him affirms, that he was of mean parentage, and raised from the dust through the favour of the King, by whose bounty he had large possessions, and was afterwards advanced to that great office of justice of England."*1 This Geffery built the great and strong castle of Kenilworth in Warwickshire, which he much delighted in, by reason of the spacious woods, and that large and pleasant lake lying amongst them (as is observed by Sir William Dugdale in his History of Warwickshire) near unto which he also founded a monastery for Black Canons. But this branch terminated by the death of his great grandson, Henry de Clinton, without issue. e Osbert de Clinton, brother of Geffery, had four sons, f first, Osbert, his successor, and ancestor to the present Duke of New- a Registr. de Kenilworth, p. i. t, Rot. |. Rous. c Ord. Vit. p. 805. b. * Dug Bar vol i. p. 528. • The series was as follows: Geffery, his son, by Agnes, daughter of Roger Earl of Warwick, had Henry, living 14 John, who, by Amiciade Bidun, had Henry, who died without issue 17 Hen III. leaving his three sisters his coheirs: viz. Amicabil, wife of Lucas de Columbers; Isabel, of Ralph Fitz John; and Agnes, of Warine de Bragenham- f Mr. Edmondson's Baronagium Genealogicum. 182 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. castle j second, Roger de Clinton, who died bishop of Coventry, A.D. 1148 j third, Hugh de Clinton; and, fourth, Maurice de Clinton. Osbert, the eldest son, had a grant of the Lordship of Cole- shill, from his kinsman GcfTery de Clinton ; and thereupon was denominated of Coleshill, in 8 Hen. II. « as also in 10 and 1 1 Henry II. on payment of the scutage collected in those parts. He had to wife h Margaret, daughter of William de Hatton (son to Hugh, founder of the priory of Wroxhall) and by her (who after- wards married Richard Bcauchamp, and John de Abetot) had Osbert, his son and heir, who was also l possessed of Amington, in the county of Warwick, the inheritance of his mother. Which Osbert bore the surname of Clinton in 1207. In 9 Job. he obtained the King's charter for a weekly market at his lordship of Coleshill. k But having been in arms with the rebel- lious barons ; 1 he made his peace in 1 Hen. III. and had his pardon , whereupon his lands, which had been seized for that transgression, were restored to him. He died in 1223, leaving m (by Elisant his wife) Thomas, hig son and heir. Which Thomas was one of the justices of assize for the county of Warwick ; and in 38 Hen. III. n obtained a charter for free warren, within his lordship of Coleshill ; but resided at Amington in com. Warwick. He married Mazera, daughter and heir of James de Bisege, of Badsley, in com. Warwick, ° by whom he had issue five sons, first, Thomas j second, Sir John, of Cole- shill (whose male line expired in 1353) ; he was an adherent to the rebellious Barons, 4Q Hen. III. but restored to favour. He had issue John, a powerful man, who by Alice Grendon, had another John, who died 27 Edw. III. leaving Joan his daughter and heir, married, first, to Sir John de Montfort, Knight; secondly, to Sir John Sutton, Lord of Dudley ; thirdly, to Sir Henry Griffith, Lord of Whichnour, com. Staff. Third, Osbert, Lord of the manor of Austrey, com. Warw. who died without issue ; f fourth, William, rector of the church of Austrey; and, fifth, James, who was seated at Badsley (the inheritance of his mother) which now retains the name of Badsley Clinton ; and left issue 'i t Rot. Piso 8 H. 1 1. Warw. and Rot. Pip. io and u H. II. »* Ex Vet- Membr. penes Robert Dom. Digby. • Dugdale, p 825- k Cart. 9. Joh. m- 7. 1 Claus: 17 H- 1 1 1 • m. 16. « Claus. 7. H. 1 1 1, m. z6- n Claus. 38 H. III. • Dugdale, p. 709. ' - t Dugd. ut antea, p. 810* * Ibid. p. 709. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 183 Thomas, his son and heir, whose two daughters were his heirs, whereof Joan the eldest was married first to John Coningsby, and secondly to John Fowkes j and Petronilla, the youngest, was the wife of John Woodward of Solihull, in Warwickshire. Thomas de Clinton, the eldest of the said five sons, married Maud, daughter of Sir Ralph Bracebridge, of Kinsbury in com. Warwick, Knight, r and left issue by her, John, his son and heir. Which John de Clinton, residing at Amington, as his father did, was wrote of that place in 28 Edw. I. s and called John de Clinton, junior (his uncle John de Clinton of Coleshill being then alive) in which year he obtained a charter for free warren in all his demesne lands there. In 26 Edw. I.* he was in that expedi- tion then made into Scotland ; also in u 28 Edw. I. on February 6th, 1298, he had summons to parliament as Baron Clinton of Maxtock; and in 1301 had x special summons among divers great men, to attend the King at Berwick upon Tweed, on June 25th, the feast* day of the nativity of St. John the Baptist, to march against the Scots. At which time the King invading Scotland y with his royal army j as a particular badge of his favour to him, for his special service in that expedition, z called him his beloved Esq. j he by his letters patent, dated August 2d, at Glasgow, granted unto him lands in that kingdom, the yalue of 40/. per annum, which were part of the possessions of Malcolm Dromond (ancestor of the family of Perth) then in arms against King Edward. In 31 Edw. I he wasa again in the wars of Scotland -, and in June, 34 Edw. I.b by the King's special command, he attended Edward Prince of Wales into Ponthieu. In 1308, c he had the castle and honour of Wallingford committed to his keeping. Ida his wife, in 6 Edw. II. was in her widowhood, d and an attendant on Isabel the Queen, into France, with King Edward ; and there- upon had the King's letters of protection, May 3d, 1313, to hold till August 1st following, being therein wrote Ida, late wife of John de Clinton. She was the eldest of the four sisters and e co- r Plac. coram. I de Valibus, n E/I« Rot. 10. ■ Curt. 28 E. I m. 14. , Rot. Scoc. 20 I m 12. a Rot. Scoc 28 E. I. m. 11. x Claus. 29 E- I. in dorsom. 13. y Walsing Hist in 1302. z Ex Autog. in Bibl. Hatton. * Rot- Scoc. 31 E I- m. 12. b Pat 34 E. I. m. 20 c Rot. Fin. 1 E. II. m. 2. « Rym. Feed torn. hi. p. 4o£> et seq. « Dug, Warwick p. 688. \ 184 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. heirs of Sir William de OdingselJs, Lord of Maxtock Castle, and other possessions in Warwickshire, whose wife was Ela, daughter of William Longspee, second of that name, Earl of Salisbury. After this marriage her husband seated himself at Maxtock, The said John de Clinton left issue by her two sons, both in minority, f John his heir 5 and William, a younger son, whose great actions, and eminent employments, do so sufficiently manifest his great abilities, that he may well be reputed one of the chiefest worthies of the king- dom. In 17 Edw. II. I find this William, 8 and his eldest brother John, were both knights. In 3 Edw. III. he wedded Julian,1' daughter and heir of Sir Thomas de Leybourn, a great Kentish heiress, and widow of John Lord Hastings of Bergavenny ; which, by Sir William Dugdale, is observed to be a great step to his ad- vancement ; but it is evident, he had distinguished himself before his marriage: * for February 20th, 1325, the King signified to him, that having put off his expedition into Guyen from Midlent to the morrow of the ascension, he nevertheless commands him to be at Portsmouth the Sunday after Midlent, to accompany John Earl Warren, with the forces under his command, in those parts. And King Edward III. in the first year of his reign, reciting k that whereas the said "\Villiam de Clinton had performed good services to him and Queen Isabel his mother, when beyond the seas, for which they had promised him lands of the value of 200/. per annum j on confidence of which he had enlarged his family et se posuit ad Vexillum ; he now grants to the said William, the castle, manor, and hundred of Halerton, in the counties of Chester and Lancaster. Also the same year, ' he was ordered to conduct John Earl of Heinault, with his men at arms (who then landed at Dover) to aid King Edward in his Scottish wars j and was also that year m with the King in his expedition into Scot- land. In 4 Edw. III. he was constituted governor ofn Dover Castle, and warden of the Cinque Ports ; also in 1333, consti-, tuted admiral of the seas ; and the same year attending the King into Scotland, ° was at the famous battle of Hallidown -, after which great victory, the King had Berwick surrendered to him, f Pat. 8 E. II m. 6. etCIaus.9 E. II. m. 12. c MS in Bibl. Cotton. Nom, Milit. in Cancel, ret- 17 E. II. u Claus. 3 £. III. m. if, ' Rymer's Feed. torn. iv. p. 133, et seq. k Ibid p, 311. 1 Rot Scoc. 1 E. I II. in dorso, m. 9. » Barnes's Hist, of E III. p. 7,etseq. ■ Rot. Fin 4 E. III. m. 11. 0 Barnes, p. So, et seq- DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 185 which was annexed to the crown of England. And standing high in the favour of King Edward, he created p him Earl of Huntingdon, by charter bearing date l6th Martii, 1337. After many signal exploits, he was, on August 29th, 1359, m tnat. sea engagement near Winchelsea, q where the Spaniards were beaten j and had not night favoured tlvva, would have been all lost or taken. He died on August 25th, r 1354, leaving no issue j and as the inquisition reciteth, Sir John de Clinton, Knight (son of John his eldest brother) was his next heir, and then of the age of twenty-eight years : Julian his wife surviving, who was a great benefactress to the abbey of St. Austin's at Canterbury, where she bequeathed her body to be buried on the south side of the church. I shall now treat of Sir John Clinton, second Loud Clinton, elder brother to the said William Earl of Huntingdon. The first mention I find of him is in 17 Edw. II. * before which time he had been knighted j being that year returned among the principal knights of the county of Warwick, who bore ancient arms from their ancestors. In 18 Edw. II. he was summoned1 by the name of Sir John de Clinton, of Maxstoke, to be at Ports- mouth the Sunday after Midlent, to go with John Earl of Warren, for the relief of the Duchy of Guyen : how long he continued in that service does not appear ; but he had so far distinguished him- self, that in the sixth year of King Edward III. he had ■ summons to parliament amongst the Barons of the realm j also in the seventh, eighth, and ninth years of that King. In which lastx he had an order on the treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, for the -payment of 70/. to him, expended by him in the King's service. He died soon after, leaving by Margery his wife, daughter of Sir William Corbet, of Chadsley Corbet in Worcestershire, Knight, Sir John Clinton, his son and heir, and a daughter, Mary, married to Baldwin de Mountfort of Coleshill. Which Sir John, third Lord Clinton, was born y in the year 1326, and serving from his youth in the wars under his uncle the Earl of Huntingdon, had the honour of knighthood conferred on him before 1354. p Cart. 10 E. III. n.41. 1 Barnes, p. 452, and Stovv's Annals, p 250- r Esc. 28 E. 1 1 1 n. 59. * MS B. 5, in Bibl. Joh. Anstis Arm. 1 Rymer, torn. iv. p. 133, et seq Claus de iisd Ann in dorso- ■ Rymcr, p. 657. * Es- 28 E. 111. n. 29. 1 Ibid. 186 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. In 1355 he served under Edward Prince of Wales in Gas- coign e, in which campaign several towns were taken from the French ; and the next year he serving again in those parts, was in the memorable battle of Poictiers, in which John the French King was taken prisoner, and his numerous army totally de- feated. His services in those wars rendered him so conspicuous, that immediately after his return hez had summons to parliament among the Barons of the realm the same year, viz. 31 Edw. III. In 33 Edw. III. a he was again in the wars in France, the King's summons in that year not permitting any to stay at homeb between the ages of twenty and sixty, whereby many thousands that came were turned back, and 100,000 of the most chosen men were retained : ships to the number of 1123 sail, were pro- vided to take them in at Sandwich j and King Edward caused it to be proclaimed among them, " That it was his resolution to go into France, and never to return again alive, till either by war he should end the controversy, or obtain a peace to his honour; otherwise he would lose his life in the attempt. And therefore if any among them was unwilling to partake with him, he had his free leave to depart." But every one answered, " They were resolved to live and die with their King." They embarked at Sandwich, October 28th, inter auroram diei et ortum Solis, as the record c expresses ; (that is, between dawning of the day and sun risej) and landed that evening at Calais. The King had with him the Prince of Wales, and three other of his sons ; the youngest, Thomas of Woodstock, being left in England, and ap- pointed regent, with a council. This army contained most of the nobility of the land, and the Lord Clinton is mentioned in d two records to be in it. I find no further mention of the Lord Clinton till 43 Edw. III. when the French King perfidiously took Ponthieu, which caused an open rupture. King Edward thereupon assumed again the title of King of France, changed his seals, and obtained from the parliament a mighty aid to enable him by war to recover his right. Then the Lord Clinton, in company of the great Thomas Beau- champ, Earl of Warwick, c as the record testifies, went over to x Claus. i E. II I. in dorso. » Rot. Vascon. 33 E. III. m. 9. b Barnes, p. 566. c Claus 33 E. III. m. 9. dorso. * Rot. Vascon. 33 E.III. m. 9, et Rot. Vascon. 34 E. III. m. iz. ■ Rot. Franc 43 E lit. m 5. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 187 the wars in France, where they took many itrong towns, and gained great honour by their conduct and valour. In 41 Edw. III. (October 4 th) he was first summoned to par- liament f among the Barons of the realm ; also in the parliament that met at Westminster ins 51 Edw. III. held by Richard Prince of Wales j and in all other parliaments to the time of his decease. On May 30, 13/1, the King gave h this Lord Clinton infor- mation, that the French were preparing to invade England j and to obviate their intentions of landing, he requires him to repair to his manor of Folkestone in Kent, and to raise forces in thatcounty, to be ready to oppose them. On June 30th, 1377, the King notified to him, ■ that his ad- versary, Charles V. of France had prepared a fleet with a great number of armed men, and were come on the Kentish coast. He therefore charges his uncle Edmund Earl of Cambridge, constable of Dover Castle, this John Lord Clinton, William Lord Latimer, and John Lord Cobham, jointly, or separately, to impress any person they shall find fit for his service, for the defence of the •aid county of Kent, and to oppose the enemy. In 1380, hek accompanied Thomas of Woodstock into France ; they landed at Calais, and marched through France ■ into Bri- tanny, making devastation, as they went ; and, as observed by Froissard, ■ the Lord Clinton rode with his banner displayed, and performed certain feats of arms at Nants, with Sir Galoys D'Aunoy. In 6 Ric. II. n he was again in the wars with France j in which year ° they took the towns of Graveling, Bruges, Newport, and Dunkirk. In 8 Ric. II. he had command from the King to be at New- castle upon Tyne, p on July 14th, with his men, horses, and arms, according to his whole service, or more than his quota, if possible, to march against the Scots, who had that year taken the town of Berwick upon Tweed. But on the English forces, according to the King's summons, coming before that town, 1 and straightly besieging it, it was again surrendered to the English army the tame year. f Cotton's Records, p. 115, 116. t Ibid p. 141, 145, et seq. h Rymer's Feed vol vi. p. 688. i Rymer, vol vii. p. 154. k Froissard's Chron. fol. 237. 1 Stow's Annal's p. 282. m Chron. fol 249. „ Rot. Franc. 6 R. II m. 29. • Stow, p. 295. p Rymer, vol. vii. p. 473, 474. 1 Hist, of Eng. voli. p. 253. 188 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Having married to his second wife Elizabeth, daughter and at length heir of William de la Plaunch of Haversham, in com. Buckingh. (cousin and heir to Sir Roger Hillary, Knight,) and widow of Sir Robert Grey of Rotherfield, Knight, who held in capite of the King, and without his consent, r he had October 24th. 12 Rich. II. a special pardon on that account; but by this Lady, who died 1424, and was buried at Haversham, he had no issue. Also the same year had an s assignation of the manors of Coges, and Herdwyke, with a moiety of the manors of Somer- ford, and Fringford, as also the fourth part of the manor of Stan- lake, all lying in Oxfordshire ; being her dowry, of the lands of the said Sir Robert Grey. In 20 Ric. II. on the attainder and banishment of Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, he had the castle of Warwick, with all the manors and lands thereunto belonging, l committed to his custody. And having been summoned among the Barons, as before recited, and sat in that parliament of the 2lst Ric. II. u to which he had summons November 4th -, he departed this life dur- ing the sessions, x on September 8th, 1399- By his first wife Idonea, y eldest daughter of JefFery Lord Say (by Maud his wrfe, daughter of Guy Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick) and coheir to her brother William Lord Say, and cousin and heir of William de Say, Baron of Sele, he had issue z a daughter, Catherine, married to Thomas Lord Berkeley j and three sons, a Sir William de Clinton, his heir, Sir Thomas de Clinton, and Edward. William Lord Say, b brother to the said Idonea, left issue John, his son and heir, who died in his mino- rity c in 6 Ric. IT. leaving Elizabeth, his sister and heir, at that time sixteen years of age, who had to her first husband d John de Falvesley, and secondly Sir William Heron, Knight, who sur- vived her j but by neither of them had issue 5 whereby the said Idonea was at length the eldest coheir of the noble family of Say, which had produced several eminent persons from the time of the conquest. Before I treat of Sir William Clinton, her eldest son, I shall give some account of her two younger sons. r Pat. 12 R II. p 3. m 15. • Claus 12 R. II. 111.31. 1 Pat. 20 R.I I- P'3-m 29. u Cotton, p. 366 x Esc 22 R. II n. 93. y Ex Collect. R Glover, Somers. z St George's Bar. praed. » Dugdale's Warwicksh. k Claus. 6R.II- p i.m, 24 c Esc. 6R. II n. 67. * Rot fin. 6 R. II- m. 16. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 189 Sir Thomas Clinton the second e was seated at Amington in Warwickshire. On January 7th, 1386, f he had the King's pro- tection, as going in his service, under the command of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, nominal King of Castile and Leon, into Spain. That year the Spaniards besieged Lisbon, and John I. King of Portugal, thereupon sent an embassy into England for assistance. The Duke of Lancaster, by the assent of the lords and commons in parliament, 8 began his voyage in the beginning of May, with an army of 20,000 men; they had various en- counters, lost many by sickness, and the Duke :* did not return till the beginning of November, 138g : it may be presumed, that this Sir Thomas Clinton died in the expedition. He left by his wife Joan, daughter and coheir of Sir Hugh Meynell, ' of Langley Meynell in Derbyshire, only a daughter, his heir, named Anne, married to Sir Robert Francis of Formark, in com. Derb. whence is descended the present Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. Edward, third son, died k unmarried in 1400. I am now to treat of Sir William Clinton, the eldest son of the said John, third Lord Clinton. He had to wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Deincourt, Knight, l by Alice his wife, daughter of John Lord Nevile of Raby, and sister of Ralph, first Earl of Westmorland j and the said Sir William dying in the life time of his father, left issue William his heir, (who succeeded his grandfather, John Lord Clinton) and Richard Clinton, second son. Which William, fourth Lord Clinton,1" April 28th, in 22 Ric. II. had the King's protection for a year, going in his service into Ireland. In 1 Hen. IV. n he was with the King in that expedition then made into Scotland, when he burnt great part of the ° towns of Edinburgh and Leith, and besieged the castle of Edinburgh (commonly called then the Maiden castle, from its Gaelic etymology) wherein Prince David Stuart, Duke of Rothesay, and heir apparent of the realm, commanded , but the winter approaching, the King broke up his siege. In 3 Henry IV. p he was in the wars of France -, and in 5 Henry IV. • Dugdale ut antea. ' Rymer's Foedera, vol. vii p. 490, 491. g Knighton, p. 2676. h Walsingh. p. 375. ! Miller's Pedigree of Nob. MS- penes meips. k Ibid. 1 Jekyl's Barones Extincti, MS. p. 71. m Rymer, torn- viii. p. 78. « Rot Sco. 1 H. IV. m. 11. 0 Rot. Franc 3 H. IV. m. iz. p Hall's Chron.fol. 17. igo PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. ne i was, with John Earl of Somerset, then captain of Calais, re- tained for the defence of that garrison. In 6 Henry IV. doing his homage, he had livery of his purparty of the lands of William de Say, as heir to him by his grandmother Idonea : whereupon he bore the title of Lord Say, in 3 Henry V. r when he attended the King in his wars in France. In 5 Henry V. he embarked8 with the King about the end of July at Portsmouth, and landing in Normandy, was at the taking the strong castle of Tonque j and afterwards at the siege of Caen in Normandy, which was strongly fortified, and at last taken by assault. In 8 Henry V. he was also * with the King at the siege of Molyn on the Seine ; and con- tinuing with that victorious monarch, he was, next year, n at the siege of the city of Meux, in Brye. In 5 Henry VI. he was in the wars x of France ; being then retained by indenture f to serve the King with twenty-five men at arms, and seventy-eight archers. And in 9 Henry VI. being again retained z by indenture, to serve the King with one knight, thirty-eight men at arms, and three hundred archers, was in those wars : a the King himself being b in person there. And having been summoned to parliament0 from 23 Rich. II. till 9 Henry VI. inclusive, departed this life d on July 30th, 1432, seized of the e manors of Birlinge, and Folkestone, in com. Cantii j of the manor* of Hamme Saye, and Buckestede, in com. Suss, as also of the castle of Maxstoke, with the hamlets of Cotton and Merston, juxta Kingsbury ; of the manors of Shustoke and Amington j the moiety of the manor of Piry Croft, and third part of the manor of Pakkyngtou Pigot, all in com. War. leaving issue, by Anne his wife, daughter f of William Lord Botreaux, and widow of Sir Fouke Fitzwaryn, Knight 5 John, * his son and heir, twenty, two years- of age. John, fifth Lord Clinton, in 12 Henry VI. was in that expedition h then made into France : and in 16 Henry VI. passed l away his castle and manor of Maxstoke,, unto Humphrey Earl of Stafford and Anne his wife, k in exchange for the manors q Rot- Franc 5 H. IV. m. 27. r Rot. Franc. 3 H. V. m. 15. • Hall's Chron. fol. 55, b and 56, a and b. * Ibid. fol. 74. u Hall's Chron. fol. 78. x Rot. Franc. 5 Hen. VI. mi 3. y Ex Autog. penes Cler. Pell. 42 Ibid. • Rot. Franc. 9 Hen. VI. m. 2. b Ibid. c Claus. deiisd.'An. in dorso. d Esc. 10 Hen. VI. n. 36. « Ibid. ' Ex Stemmate penes Hen. com. Line. s Esc. ut supra. h Rot. Franc- iz H. VI. ra. 1. 1 Ex Autog. penes Tho. Dilke arm. k Ibid. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 191 of Whiston, and Woodford, in com. Northamp. In 17 Hen. VI. the Duke of York being made regent of France, he,1 with many other noblemen, sailed with him into Normandy. In 19 Henry VI. being again in the wars of France, m and of the retinue, with Richard Duke of York, he had the hard fate to be taken prisoner, n where he so continued for more than six years ; and was necessitated to give six thousand marks for his ransom. In 26 Henry VI. he had special licence, towards raising that sum, to employ his agents ° for the buying of 600 sacks of wool in England, and to transport them from London, or South- ampton, into Lombardy : as also 600 woollen cloths, and to transport them to any foreign country ; paying for every sack and cloth, unto the King as any other denizen used to do. On his return, in 27 Henry VI. he, by his deed, bearing date November 1st, granted » and confirmed to his kinsman, Sir James Fynes, Knight, (who in 25 Henry VI. had summons to parlia- ment by the title of Lord Say and Sele, being descended from 1 Joan, third sister and coheir to William Lord Say) and to his heirs and assigns for ever, the name and title of Lord Say, which by reason of the descent of the said John, Lord Clinton, from Idonea, the eldest sister, did, or might, belong unto him; as also the arms, which by reason of that name, title, and honour, he had by hereditary right, or otherwise. But after this, viz, in 1459, he revolted from the King, and adhered r to the house of York j for which his lands were seized, and he himself3 attainted in the parliament then held at Coventry. Howbeit, in 1461, (upon the change of that scene) being re- stored ; he soon after was joined with the Earl of Kent, Lord Fauconbridge, and Sir John Howard, for the safe keeping of the seas j and landing in Brittanny with 10,000 men, they won the town of Conquet, with the Isle of Rhee. In 3 Edw. IV. he* at- tended the King into the north j at which time he laid siege to the castles of Bamburg, Dunstanburgh, and Alnwick, then held by the Duke of Somerset, and others of the Lancastrian party : he died on September" 24th, 1464, leaving John, his only son and 1 Hall's Chron.fol. 138. ■ Rot Franc. 19 H. VI. m.27. » Ibid. 26 H. Vl.m. 13. o ibid. p Ex Autogr. penes Ric Fenys de Broughton, Ar. An. i«;86. 4 Rot. Fin. 6. H. IV. m. 7. r Claus. 38 H- VI. m. 12. » Hollmsh. Chron- p. 652, n. 10. « Stow's Ann p 416,417. « Esc 4 E. IV. n 12. 102 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. heir, of the age of thirty years and more, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Richard Fynes, Lord Dacre of Hurst- Monceaux in Sussex. Which John, sixth Lord Cltnton,x married Anne, daughter of Sir Humphry Stafford, and died on Feb. 2Qth, 1488, leaving John, his son and heir. Which John, seventh Lord Clinton, in 3 Henry VII. ac- companied y Sir Edward Poynings, Knight of the Garter, with 1500 archers, in aid of Margaret, Duchess of Savoy, against the Duke of Guelders. And in 1514, with divers z other persons of honour, and 400 men at arms, went over to Calais for the better defence of that garrison. Moreover, the same year, the Lady Mary (sister to the King) being married to Lewis XII. the French King, on October 9th, and the Dauphin having ploclaimed justs at Paris, he accompanied the Duke of Suifolk thither, they being all clad in green coats and hoods, to the end that they might not be known. He died on June 4th, 1515, leaving Thomas, his son and heir, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Morgan of Tredegar, in the county of Monmouth, Knight. Which Thomas, eighth Lord Clinton, at the time of his father's decease, a was twenty four years of age, and succeeded to the manor of Folkestone in Kent, with other large possessions j andb having summons to parliament, took his place among the Barons of the realm. But two years after, a distemper, called the sweat- ing sickness, raging with that malignity as to kill in three hours, divers knights, gentlemen, and officers of the King's court 3 the Lord Clinton, and others of quality, who arec recited by Lord Herbert in his life of Henry VIII. as of the King's court, died thereof. He had then entered the 28th year of his age, and dying on August 7th, 1517, left an only son, Edward, by Mary his wife, natural daughter of Sir Edward Poynings, Banneret, and Knight of the Garter. By the inquisition taken d at Warwick after his decease, viz. February 26th following, the jury found, that he died possessed of the manors of Bole Hall, Shustoke, Pakington, Amington Parva, Amington Magna, Pericroft, and Austre, in Warwickshire ; and that Edward was his son and heir, of the age x Omitted by Dugdale. r Stow's Ann. p, 489. 2 Ibid. » Escaet, 9 H. VIILKanc h Journal of Pari, de eod. Ann. c General Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 28. d Cole's Inquisition of the Court of Wards, libiv Not. 61. A. 15, p. 8z, in Bibl. Harley. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 193 of five years and upwards. Also by inquisition taken at Canter- bury, March 13th, 1518, the saide Edward was found to be heir to his grandfather John Lord Clinton, who died on June 4th, 7 Henry VIII. seized in the county of Kent of the manors of Folkestone-Clinton, Huntyngton, alias Hunton, Bemsted, Gol- stane, alias Goldestanton, Lees, alias Elmes, alias Selmes, Poire, alias Poldrex, and lands in Poldrex, called Eastdown, and Rushin- marsh ; also lands in Wingham, and Wodenesburgh, Ashe juxta Sandwich ; and lands in the parish of St. Clement's, Sandwich. The said Edward, his son and heir, ninth Lord Clinton, and first Earl of Lincoln, was born in 1512, and was, in the age he lived, one of the most eminent persons this nation then produced. His father leaving him an infant, he was, according to the custom of those times, in ward to the King j and such care was taken of his education, that he became wise, valiant, and fortunate, in all his enterprizes. In 1532, being then in the twentieth year of his age, he waited on the King ? to that memorable interview with Francis I. the French King, who met at Sandingfield ; and after mutual compliments, King Henry went to Boloign, where he was most royally entertained with his whole train for four days : and in return the French King with his court accompanied King Henry VIII. to Calais, where they also staid four days, enter- tained in the like manner. Hall has given a curious account of the whole proceedings (mentioning the Lord Clinton) and of the entertainments on that solemn meeting. When he came of full age, he took his place among the Barons as Lord Clinton ; and was specially summoned by writ, April 27th, 28 Hen. VIII. * by the title of Edward Clinton Chivalier, to attend in the parliament to be held at Westminster June 8th, following, on divers arduous and urgent affairs, concerning the crown and kingdom, as the writ imports. Also, bearing the same title, he was specially summoned to that parliament held at Westminster, in 1539, h and present on May 23d, at passing the act for the dissolution of the monasteries, &c. whereof Sir Henry Spelman observes the misfortunes that happened to the King, and most of the peers : l e Cole's Inquisition of the Court of Wards, lib. iv. Not. 61. A. 15, p. 8i» in 3ibl Harley. f Hall's Chronicle, fol 208. e Rymer's Fcedera, vol xiv p 563, 565. h Spelman's Hist of Sacrilege, p. 196. » Ibid- p. 219. vol. 11. o 194 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. but of this Lord Clinton only recites his being made Earl of Lincoln, with the time of his death, and the issue from him to Theophilus Earl of Lincoln, his great grandson, then living, with- out any disaster that befel them. In 32 Hen. VIII. a great just at tourney, and barriers, having been proclaimed in France, Flanders, Scotland, and Spain, for all comers, to be holden at Westminster, May 1st, k the Lord Clinton was the third of the forty-six defendants, who, very richly appa- relled, appeared on that occasion, which continued five days, the King, Queen, and their whole court being present. Having contracted an intimacy with John Viscount Lisle, lord high admiral, he took to the sea service j and in 1544, x way in the fleet sent unto Scotland that year, to conduct the Earl of Hertford, general of the army, who landed near Leith on May 4th. The van was led by the lord admiral, with the Lord Clinton ; and after encountering a body of the enemy, entered Leith. The next day the army marching towards Edinburgh, the townsmen offered to yield on certain conditions : but the Earl of Hertford signified, that he was sent thither to take vengeance on t,hem, for their detestable falsehood (in not complying to their agreement, in sending their Queen, Mary, to be married to Prince Edward) and unless they would submit to his pleasure, he would put them to the sword, and set their city on fire. And they an- swering it were better to stand in their own defence ; the Earl of Hertford ordered the van to assault the town, which they per- formed with that signal courage, as entering the Canongate, they sjew all who made opposition, and setting fire to the city, it con- tinued three days burning. And the Earl of Hertford, in reward of the valiant behaviour of the assailants, conferred the honour of knighthood on the most meritorious, whereof the m Lord Clinton is the first in the list. After this service, the lord admiral, with the Lord Clinton, and the fleet, scoured the coasts of Scotland, till the King in person laid siege to Bullogne ; and then sailing to the coasts of France," arrived in the haven of Bullogne July 28th, and landing k Stow's Annals, p. 579, 580. 1 Ibid. p. 509, and Herbert's Life of Hen. VI II in Hist, of Engl, vol. ii, p. 243' m Stow, ut antea. « Diary of the siege and taking of Bollogne in Bibl. Cotton, sub Effig. Cajigula, E. IV. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 195 Bine hundred men, were assisting in the siege. Sto\v° observes, that the admiral Lord Dudley, after his return out of Scotland, with the men he brought, made the general assault on Bullogne, which was courageously given, and as manfully defended ; so that when the assailants had perceived how the breach that was made stood, and what provision they within had for defence of the town, which was great, they were called back and retired, but not without loss on both sides. The town being soon after taken, the lord admiral, for his services in the siege (wherein the Lord Clinton also greatly merited) was made governor thereof. Our historians do not mention the Lord Clinton's being further employed in any other naval expedition in that reign ; but it is likely he was with the Lord Lisle, the year after Bullogne was taken, who landed P with 6000 men at Treport in Normandy, and burnt the town and abbey, with thirty ships that lay in the harbour. And it is on record, that he was present with the Lor4 Lisle in France, * and a witness to Francis the French King's swearing to observe the treaty, signed in the tents in the field near the town of Campens, in the confines of Ardres, and Guysnes, June 7th; 1546. At the funeral of Henry VIII. which was performed with the utmost solemnity, r his Lordship was one of the twelve of the principal peers, who were appointed as chief mourners, to give their attendance on the royal corpse, as well at the hearse, as in the removal thereof from place to place, to the interment at Windsor, in February 1546-7. After the accession of King Edward VI. his services merited the favour of the Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector, and the council, who knowing his abilities, conduct, and valour, in several naval engagements, appointed him admiral of that fleet, s which was to assist the Duke of Somerset in his expedition against Scot- land, for refusing to comply with their treaty, for the marriage of Mary, their Queen, with King Edward, so finally concluded, that instruments of the contracts of marriage were, interchangeably, sealed and sworn. The French, in all their wars, induced the Scots to invade this kingdom j and were so jealous that the mar- riage of King Edward, with the Scotch Queen, would break all their measures for the future, as they employed all means to break o Annals, p. 588. p Ibid- p 589. n Rymer's Foedcra, vol xv. p 98, 99. r MS in Offic Armor. I. it- • Sir John Hayward's Life of Edw. VI in Gen- Hist, of Eng. p 278, 279. I ■ 10(3 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. the contract. To which end, the French King proposed Francis his son (after King of France) to many the Queen ; and recalled Matthew Earl of Lennox from his service in Italy, furnishing him with money and forces to effect his purposes. This occa- sioned the war with the Scots in the first year of King Edward ; and the Protector was sent with an army against them, and the Lord Clinton with a fleet to annoy them by sea, as well as to fight the French^ who had promised the Scots assistance of shipping and forces ; but failed in both. The Lord Clinton rode with his fleet, consisting of fifty men of war, and twelve gallies, in Edinburgh Frith ; and by his con- duct and assistance, furthered the obtaining that memorable battle of Musselborough, September 10th, 1547. The two armies were divided by the river Eske, which was deep, the Scotch lying nearest to it. The English first raised their camp, intending to possess a hill, called Under Eske, which commanded the Scotch camp ; but they, apprized thereof, passed the river and mounted the hill, before the English could reach it. Whereupon the Protector turned aside to another hill, called Pinkencleuch, which fell much to their advantage, as well for that they were in place1 to be aided by their shipping, as they gained the advantage both of wind and sun. And the Scotch, espying the English turning from them, imagining they fell towards their shipping, as the English fleet removed the day before from Leith to Mussle- borough road j which they conceived to be for taking in the English foot and carriages, that the horse might with less incum- brance, and more haste, return back to England on the spur ; thereupon the Scots, heaved up with sure hope of victory, for- sook their hill, and marched into the plain towards the English ; but when they were well advanced into the field, marching more- than an ordinary pace, the great shot from the fleet, fired by order of the Lord Clinton, so furiously u scoured among them, as many of the Scots were torn in pieces, and a wing of Irish was so grievously galled and scared therewith, that they had not either heart to go forward, nor good assurance to run away. I shall not enter into the particulars of the battle ; but my author observes, that the fleet under the Lord Clinton plagued them very sore, till at length a complete victory was obtained, * 14,000 being killed, and 1500 taken prisoners. But the English made not the best Sir John Hayward's Life of King Edw- VI. in Gen Hist, of Eng. p 283. • Hayward praed. p 284. x Ibid. p. 236. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 197 improvement of this great victory, by too much haste in departure, though y the English fleet searched the havens where the Scottish ships retired, in such sort, that they left few unspoiled or untaken. The army fired Leith, and took some other places in Scotland, where they stayed only twenty-five days after the fight, retreat- ing (as given out) for that the season of the year and their pro- visions were far spent, and the country afforded little forage. On his return from that expedition, he had the same year, in consideration of his services z against the Scots, grants of the manor of Braunseton in the county of Lincoln, with the appur- tenances, late parcel of the possessions of John Lord Hussey, ex- ecuted in June 153/, for the northern insurrection ; also the manor of Folkingham in the said county, late parcel of the pos- sessions of the Duke of Norfolk, attainted of treason, and divers other manors, lands, and tenements; likewise the manor of Clifford in the county of Hereford, parcel of the possessions of Edmund Mortimer, some time Earl of March. And the Pro- tector and council, thinking him the ablest person to defend Boloigne, threatened with a siege by the French, he was sent over governor there. Sir William Dugdale, in the account of his Lordship, says only, u In 4 Ed. VI. being governor of Boloigne, then in scarcity of provisions, he rendered it to the French upon articles :" whereas he did not surrender it on articles, but by order of King Edward, and his council, pursuant to a treaty of peace. And on April 25th, 1550, commissioners, specially appointed by their King, a do acknowledge to have received the towns and county of high and low Boloigne, with the port, together with the adjacent forts, either taken or built by the English during the last war, viz. those of Dimette, Picardy, and of the Tower of the Order, with the store houses, &c. from Edward Lord Clinton, deputed by Edward the Vltb, King of England. His Lordship, on May 4th, 1550, was received by the council, and thanked for his services; b and the whole council conducted him to the King, who received him very graciously, gave him publicly thanks for his demeanor at Boulogne, and at the same time declared he should be made lord high admiral, and one of his privy-council. Also on May 11th following, in consideration y Hayward praed. p. 287. z Strype's Memorialsi vol. ii. p. 78, and 231 ♦ Rymer, Feed vol, xv. p- 228. b Strype's Memorials, vol ii. p 23* 198 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. of bis great services at Boulogne, c it was determined to grant him lands of 200/. per ann. and to make him one of the King's privy chamber, viz. one of the lords of his bed-chamber, as now stiled. And on May 14th, bearing the title Edward Lord Clinton and Say, he had a grant d by patent during life of the office of lord high admiral of England, Ireland, Wales, and the dominions and isles of the same, the town of Calais, and the marches thereof, of Normandy, Gascoign, and Aquitain, and chief commander of the fleets and seas of the said kingdoms of England, Ireland, &c. with a fee of 200 marks per ann. as the patent sets forth. And by another patent, e dated June 10th following, the King granted him the manors of Westinhanger, Statewood, alias Saltwood, Folkstone, and divers other manors and lands, tenements, &c, in the counties of Kent, Cornwall, York, Lincoln, Devonshire, and Sussex, to the value of 246/. 5s. Id. William Prynne, Esq. in his ie Animadversions to the insti- tutes of the Laws of England," has, from records, given a whole chapter, f of the court of admiralty, proceeding according to the civil law. And asserts, 5 that Edward Lord Clinton, and Earl of Lincoln, exercised and enjoyed admiral jurisdiction, in merchant and marine causes, and foreign contracts, as well beyond as upon the seas, as his predecessors had done, without restraint, by any prohibitions of the court? of Westminster. On July 8th following, h he was one of the council that signed with the King a letter to Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, setting forth his offences, and requiring him to subscribe certain articles : and soon after, was ' sent with the Lord Cobham, by the King and council, to the Earl of Arundel (who on a message sent by the King to him, refused to go into Sussex for prevention of stirs likely to arise there) to require him to send the pardon he had sued'for and obtained of the King, and to tell him that means would be found to bring him to a trial of justifying the innocence he pretended to. In November the same year, he obtained a grant of thek office of high steward of the manors of Westborough, Calthorp, Riskington, Hekington, and Welborn in Lincolnshire ; and of sdl other lands, tenements, &c. to hold the same during life. On c Strype's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 230. «■ Pat. 4 E. VI. p. 4. e Strype, p. 231. f Page 75. * Page ico, and 122. » Strype, p. 238, 239. 1 Ibid. p. 233. k Bill Signal. 4 E. VI. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 199 January 17th following, he had a licence, that whereas of late he had inclosed grounds in Aslackby and Kirby Underwood, in the county of Lincoln, for a park, it should be a free and lawful park for keeping and feeding of deer. l The next day, the King granted him, during life, the reversion of the office of steward of the honour of Bolingbroke in Lincolnshire, and of all the manors, lands, &c. in the parts of Kesteven, parcel of the Duchy of Lan- caster, after the decease of Sir William Hussey, Knight, with all fees, profits, &c. Also in February following, m obtained a gift of all the lordships, manors, lands, &c. lying in the town of St. Botolph, alias Boston, in Lincolnshire, belonging to the late chantry of Corpus Christi, founded within the said town ; to hold by fealty, and to take the profits from Easter, 2 Edw. VI. On the /th of next month, n the indenture between the King and Edward Lord Clinton, witnessed that the Lord Clinton had bargained and sold, unto his Highness, his lordships and manors in Folkingham, 3nd Aslackby, with the appurtenances, in ex- change for the lordships and manors of Wye, and the rectory of Wye, in the county of Kent;, with divers other lands, &c. to the yearly value of 358/. 155. 8d. ° And on the 20th, had the office of steward of the lordship of Newark upon Trent, and all the lands and tenements thereunto belonging, with the office of con* stable of the castle there, &c. during life. On the 25th, the KingP granted him a lease for sixty years, of the manors of Folk- ingham, Aslackby, and Temple Aslackby, in the county of Lin- coln, with divers other lands. And on April 24th following, he had the honour *' of being elected a Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, with Henry II. the French King; and was installed on June 30th, at the castle of Windsor : his plate of in- stallation yet remaining in the chapel there, in the ninth stall, on the Sovereign's side, r must have been put up afterwards, as he is thereon stiled Earl of Lincoln, which he was not till May 4th, 1572. The King also the same year further rewarded his * Lordship with a grant of steward of all his lordships and manors in the county of Lincoln, parcel of the possessions of the late monas- teries of Valday, Newbol, Swineshcd, &c. for life, with several fees amounting to a hundred marks; and had the King's1 letter j Bill Signat 4 E. VI. m Ibid. 5 E. VI. ■ ibid. ; ibid. > p ibid. ' Meller's Collections of Knights of the Garter, MS penes meips. ' Ibid. a Ibid, p 232. J Ibid. p. 525- 200 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. to the bishop of Carlisle for a grant of a lease for sixty years, of the manor of Horn Castle in Lincolnshire. He was likewise, the same year, in two several commissions, with the great officers of state, for proroguing the parliament ; and lords lieutenants of counties being soon after first appointed, his Lordship, with the Earl of Rutland, had Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire com- mitted to their custody. u And in those counties to be the King's justices to inquire of all treasons, misprisions of treason, insurrec- tions, rebellions, unlawful assembiies, unlawful speaking of words, confederacies, conspiracies, &c. oppressions, riots, routs, murders, felonies, &c. and all accessaries of the same -, and to appoint cer- tain days and places for inquiry thereof j and to be the King's lieutenants within the said counties, for levying of men, and to fight against the King's enemies and rebels, and execute upon them martial law, &c. with commandment to all officers to be assisting. In 5 Edw. VI. on the arrival of the Marshal of France at Gravesend, who was sent on an embassy with the Order of St. Michael to King Edward, x and to propose a marriage between the King and the Lady Elizabeth, the French King's eldest daughter, the Lord Clinton was sent to receive him ; and on July llth,y conducted him from thence to Durham place in the Strand ; and the next day to the King at Richmond. Soon after the French King having a third son born (afterwards Henry III.) requested King Edward to stand godfather ; to which the King returned answer, z that he would dispatch, for the accomplishment thereof, the Lord Clinton, lord admiral. Accordingly, his Lord- ship set out in November 1551, accompanied by several persons of rank, for his embassy on that point ; and had also another com- mission, with Sir William Pickering, ambassador leiger at Paris, jointly and severally to hear the French propositions, relating to the match between King Edward and the French King's daughter, and transact all matters therein according to the instructions de- livered to them. The Lord Clinton, before he embarked,3 received 500 marks in French crowns, of six shillings each, towards his charges in the voyage j and carried b with him two flaggons of gold, with chains of the same, weighing 1(35 ounces, which he was to present to u Strype's Memorials, vol. ii. p. 484, 485. x Haywardpraed. p. 318,319. * Ibid. 7- Strypeut antea, p. 287. ■ Ibid. * Ibid. p. 520. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 201 Catherine de Medicis, the French Queen, at the christening of her son ; also a ring set with a long diamond, to present to the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of the King of France. The ex- pences in standing proxy for the King at the royal infant's baptism were 292 French crowns c (as specified in a warrant dated in January to the lord treasurer for payment) which his Lordship gave to the governor, the nurses, &c. During his abode at the French court, he received orders, at his return from thence, to repair to the castle of Guisnes, to view what buildings and fortifi- cations were already begun, and of what importance, or whether they needed alteration, or might be better devised ; and to give his orders to surveyors to perfect the same. Which instructions were sent to his Lordship, on information of some defects in the town and castle, and it was thought proper to take the judgment of this great and expert commander, in viewing the strength and weakness of that place, and to give his orders for the security thereof. He returned from his embassy, and other charges com- mitted to him, December 30th, having in less than two months, brought to a successful conclusion the whole he had in charge. He delivered to the King and council d the ratifications of the marriage between the King's Majesty and the Princess Elizabeth, the French King's daughter, under the great seal of France, which King Edward ordered to be reposed in the treasury of the Ex- chequer, to remain there of record in safe keeping. And for his services in his negotiations, was, on his return home, gratified by his royal master withe two good lordships, Kingston in Somerset- shire, and Chisselborn in Dorsetshire, with theadvowsons thereof ; parcel of the possessions of Sir Thomas Arundel, which came to the King by his attainder j to hold to him and his heirs. In 1552, the chief lords of the court having, at their own expence, raised a considerable body of men, well armed and horsed, ready for ser- vice on any emergent occasion, the King on May ]6th, reviewed them in Greenwich park, where they appeared in troops, a trumpet blowing before them. f They, had each their standards, with pensils; their coats in embroidery of their lords colours, their spears of the like colour, and their footmen attending, s The Lord Clinton had fifty in his troop; his guidon, the cross of St. George, black, with an anchor of silver (as lord admiral) their coats black, embroidered with white 5 whereby it is probable his c Strype ut antea, p 287. ,, Ibid- p 288. e Ibid. p. 232, and 311. r Ibid. p. 338,339 8 Stow's Annals, p 608, and Strype, ibid. 202 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Lordship was then in mourning; as the other troops were in colours. In the same month and year, he h was constituted sole lord lieutenant of the county of Lincoln. He was also in com- mission with others to take an' account of all such lead, bell- metal, plate, jewels, ornaments, stock, and store goods, due to the King's Majesty, by virtue of divers commissions and visitations, by the dissolution of monasteries, priories, colleges, chantries, &c. and by attainder of several persons; also for forfeits of jewels, silver, bullion,, plate, and gold. And in May following k had the King's orders for discharg- ing of the fortifications and bulwarks of Sandshot in Dorsetshire, Higham, and those of Gravesend, and Milton in Kent, East and West Tilbury, in Essex ; and to remove the powder and ammu- nition therein to the Tower, for the better guard thereof. Also in June following, l had the King's sign manual to take charge of the Tower, and enter on the government of it ; with orders to Sir James Croft, deputy constable of the Tower, to assist in whatever his Lordship declared to him, and to observe such directions as he should appoint: but on June 30th, m the King having removed Sir James from his charge of the Tower, the Lord Clinton by the King's order had the sole rule and govern- ment thereof. Six days before the death of his royal master, he signed with" others of the council at Greenwich, July 1st, 1553, a letter to the ambassadors of England with the Emperor, order- ing them to assure his Imperial Majesty of the King's most hearty affection to him, and of his affairs, and of his care of the good estate of Christendom,'&c. On the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyat in 1554, he ° accom- panied the Duke of Norfolk $ p and afterwards the Earl of Pembroke, who were sent to suppress* them. And thereupon growing into favour with Queen Mary, she wrote to his Lord- ship, to be 1 ready to repair unto her, on the arrival of Philip, Prince of Spain, having heard that he was to embark at the Groyne, July 17th; and he arrived at Southampton three days after. On Monday July 23d, r Philip setting out for Winchester, was royally attended with many of the nobility, s and among them the Lord Clinton, who was present at his marriage two days after. i Strype, p. 458, 459. i Ibid, p 490. k Ibid. p. 4^4. ■ Ibid. ™ Ibid. p. 415. " Ibid. p. 417,418 o Strype, vol. iii. p. 87. p Hollinshed's Chron. p- 1098. 1 Strype, p. 159. » Stow p. 633. 6 Speed's Chronicle, p. 850. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 203 On October 17th, 1554, he 9 was commissioned, bearing the title of Edward Lord Clinton and Say, Knight, and Companion of the Order of the Garter, with Sir Gilbert Dethick, garter king of arms, to go to Emanuel Duke of Savoy, and invest him with the Order of the Garter. On which Mr. Ashmole has observed, that, x on such legations, it was customary for the credential letters to pass under the signet of the order, but that those sent to the Duke of Savoy were subscribed both by King Philip and Queen Mary. On the war with France in 1557, his Lordship went over to the siege of St. Quintin's j and, as Hollinshed writes, l was colonel general of the foot; but in a manuscript in the Harleian Library,11 reciting the commanders of the forces in the journey to St. Quintin's he is said to be lieutenant general of the army under the Earl of Pembroke. On his return from that expedition, in the parliament held at Westminster, January 20th, there being a dispute between him and the Lord Stafford for precedence, it was upon search x found that his ancestors the Lords Clinton, by long continuance and great antiquity, had place next above the Lord Audley, and it was adjudged that he had pre-eminence of the Lord v Stafford. And on February J 3th following, he was2 again constituted lord high' admiral of England, Ireland, Wales, &c. and the war conti- nuing with France, his Lordship, on April 12th, 1558, was a con- stituted lieutenant general and chief commander of the fleet and forces going against France and Scotland ; the preamble of the patent reciting, that the King and Queen fully confided in the loyalty, foresight, valour, experience, care, industry, integrity, and great diligence of their most beloved councellor, Edward Fines, Knight of the Gaiter, Lord Clinton and Say, great admiral of England, Ireland, and Wales, and of the dominions and isles thereof; of the town of Calais, and marches thereof, Normandy, Gascony, and Aquitain, and chief commander of the fleets, and seas of the said kingdoms of England, Ireland, &c. • Ashmole's Order of the Garter, p .390, 391, 393, and Appendix, N52. t Chronicle, p. 1133. u Not. 160 B. 1. x Journal of Pari, de eod. Ann. y But see on this subject the case of the Barony of Stafford, in Gent. Mag. vol. lxvii. part 2. The fact seems to be that both he and Lord Stafford were placed according to their proper precedence, he having before by some mistake taken his place as Lord Say, a title of later creation. z Pat 4 and 5 Ph. and Mar. p. 1. a Ibid. m. 38 in dors. v 204 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. It was then proposed to assault and take the haven and town of Brest in Brittany from the French, and the Lord Clinton, by the said patent, was constituted chief commander of the forces, as well as the fleet, on that expedition. His Lordship b set sail July 29th, with seven score ships of war, but finding0 Brest too strongly fortified to make any attempt on it, he came by break of day before the haven of Conquet, which, with great courage, he assaulted; and having taken the town, plundered and burnt it, together with the adjacent villages 5 after which he returned to his ships. Queen Elizabeth, as soon as she ascended the throne, con- stituted him one of her privy council, and he was continued in his post of lord high admiral. In 6 Eliz. d when the Queen visited the university of Cambridge, where she staid five days, and was entertained with comedies,- tragedies, and orations, he attend- ed on her Majesty, and the degree of master of arts, then first taken, was conferred on his Lordship, and others of the highest rank. In the 11th of Eliz. e he was appointed, with other Lords, to hear and examine such matters as should be brought against the Queen of Scots, by the Earl of Murray, regent of Scotland. Jn 1659, f upon that rebellion of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, he being joined by the Earl of Warwick, marched against them, which being apprized of, the two Earls fled into Scotland. For these services, on May 4th, 1572,8 he was advanced to the title of Earl of Lincoln. On January 16th, he was one of those peers appointed on the trial of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk. The next year h he was sent into France, at- tended by a great train of noblemen, to receive a ratification of the treaty of Blois from Charles IX. the French King. In 24 * Eliz. he was appointed, amongst others, a commissioner to treat of the marriage then proposed between the Queen and the Duke of Anjou. In 1584, k Francis Earl of Bedford, by his will, dated April 7th, among other his special friends, bequeaths " to his very good Lord, the Earl of Lincoln, high admiral of England, a George set with diamonds, which the Earl of Leicester gave him." b Hollinsh. Chronicle, p. 1150,1151- Bp Godwin's Annals of Q Mary in Hist of Engl- vol. ii- p. 357. d Fuller's Hist, of the University of Cambridge, p- 139. « Camden in Hist ofEng vol.ii. p 369. f Ibid, p 414. e Ibid. p. 422. h Pat 14 Eliz p. 9. M. 40. 1 Camden, p 483. k Ex Regist. Windsor, qu- 45. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 205 This Earl of Lincoln's last will and testament bears date two years before his decease, viz. July 11th, 1584. The probate bears date May 19th, 1585, and administration was granted to the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Lincoln his relict and executrix. He died1 on January 16th, 1584-5, aged seventy-two years j and Hollinshed gives the following account of his Lordship. " In the n month of January deceased Edward Lord Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, lord admiral of England, Knight of the Garter, and one of her Majesty's most honourable privy-council ; a man of great years and service, as well by sea as land, who was buried at Windsor, leaving many children honourably married. Of this nobleman (whilst living) one to whom the honourable lords of the court were not obscurely known (writing of the Queen's Ma- jesty, and comprising in an orderly discourse, their high places of service to the crown) speaketh very commendably and deservedly of this deceased Earl, who had been then lord great admiral of England thirty years, and of council unto three Princes ; always of unspotted report, specially for allegiance j and therefore as singularly beloved in his life; so accordingly bemoaned at his death." His Lordship was buried in the east end of the south isle in the chapel of St. George in Windsor, and a sumptuous monument is erected to his memory, of alabaster, with pillars of porphyry. He lies in armour, with his Lady by him, in full proportion, their heads on a pillow, and their hands uplifted as praying ; on one side three sons, in armour, kneeling, and on the other rive daughters in the same attitude. On the basis, round the sides, is this inscription. Nobilissimo Domino Edward Finio, LincolnijE Comiti, Clintoni^e et Saite Baroni, inclyti Ordinis Periscelidis Militi, et summo Anglice Admirallo, cum, post praeclaram operam, quatuor, continua serie, illustrissimis principibus, Henrico, Edwardo, Marice, et Llizalethce, tarn con- silio, quam armis, et domi, et foris, terra marique fideliter nava- tam, placide fato functus esset ; Charissimo Marito, amantissima conjux Elizabetha, Comitis Kildariensis filia, piae perpetuaeque memoriae ergo moerens posuit: Obit 16 die Januarii, 1584. 1 MS. in Offic. Armor, not F. F. p. 15. ™ Chronicle, p. 1378, 1379. 206 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. The said Elizabeth, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, the ninth Earl of Kildare, mentioned in the above inscription, and celebrated by Henry Earl of Surry, n by the name of the fair Geraldine, was the third wife, but by her, who was before married to Sir Anthony Browne, Knight, he had no issue. He first married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert Lord Talboys, by whom he had three daughters ; Bridget, married to Robert Dymock, of Scrivelby in com. Line. Esq. j Catharine to William Lord Borough, and Margaret to Charles Lord Wil- loughby of Par ham. By Ursula, his second wife, daughter of William Lord Stourton, he had issue three sons, and two daughters, Henry, his successor, Edward, who died unmarried, and Thomas, who wedded Mary, daughter of John Tirrel of Warley, in Essex, Esq. The two daughters were Anne, the wife of William Ascough, son and heir to Sir Francis Ascough, of Kelsey, in com. Line. Knight, and Frances, married to Gyles Bruges, third Lord Chandos. Which Henry, second Earl of Lincoln, was one of the fifteen Knights of the Bath, made September 29th, 1553.° On May 26th, in 14 Eliz. he P accompanied his father the Earl of Lincoln, in his embassy to the French court ; and taking shipping at Dover, crossed over to Boulogne, where they were honourably received, and from thence conveyed to Paris, and were lodged in a house of the King's called Le Chateau de Louze, being attended on by the King's officers. Five days after they went to the King at a house called Madril ; and after the dispatch of their business, returned to Boulogne, where they embarked, and returned into England. In 29 Eliz. he 1 was one of the peers in commission for the trial of Mary Queen of Scots ; and was also commissioned for the trial of secretary Davison j r " for that in contempt of her Majesty, contrary to what the Queen had commanded him, he had ac- quainted the council with the warrant for the execution of the Queen of . Scots, and put. the warrant in execution without her knowing any thing at all of it." In 1589, ne was s one of the peers on the trial of Philip Howard Earl of Arundel. Lodge has preserved a curious letter of his pecuniary embarrassment. Sir An- thony Bacon, in a letter published by Dr. Birch relating to his n See Park's R and N A and the Holbein Heads- • Strype's Mem. vol. iii. p. 35. v Stow's Annals, p. 672. 1 Camden in Hist, of England, p 519. r Ibid. p. 536.' « Ibid p 551. m DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 207 embassy to the Landgrave of Hesse, in 15g6, arraigns his conduct to that court in most bitter terms. Gervase Holies records him as a great tyrant among the gentry of Lincolnshire, whom Denzil Ifolles (who died 15QO) used to confront on the bench, and carry business against him in spite of his teeth." Lodge mentions his outrages against Roger Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, and ob- serves, that his behaviour appears to have been strongly tinctured with insanity.1 In l601,heu was one of the commanders of the forces that besieged the Earl of Essex in his house, and obliged him to surrender ; atid was afterwards on his trial, February 10th, in Westminster Hall. On the decease of Queen Elizabeth, x he was one of the privy-council that signed the letter at the palace of Whitehall on March 28th, 16Q3, to the Lord Eure, and the rest of the commissioners for the treaty of Breame, directing them how to proceed. His Lordship died y on September 2c)th, l6\6, having married first, Catharine, daughter to Francis Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon, and secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Morrison of Cashiosbury in Hertfordshire, Knight, and widow of William, son and heir of Henry, first Lord Norreys of Rycote. By the first Lady he had Thomas his successor ; And Sir Edward Clinton, who by his wife Mary, daughter of Thomas Dighton, of Stourton in Lincolnshire, Esq. had three sons, first, Charles, who died young; second, Robert, who left no issue by his wife . . . . , daughter of . . . . , and widow of Sir William Cowper j and third, Francis, of whom hereafter, as pro- genitor to the present Duke of- Newcastle. Sir Edward had also a daughter, Catherine, the wife of Thomas Saville, of Newton in Lincolnshire, Esq. His Lordship, by the said Elizabeth, his second Countess, who died on Whitmonday, A. D. l6ll, had two sons, Sir Henry,2 and Robert, and a daughter, Elizabeth, wedded to Sir Arthur Gorges, Knight. Robert Clinton, the second son, died by a fall from his horse, childless. But Sir Henry, a the eldest, who was t See Lodge's Illustr. vol. iii p, 107, and Memoirs of James's Teera, ?ol i. p 43, 45- u Camden in Hist, of England, p. 634. x Rymer's Fad. vol. xvi. p. 492* 493 y Cole's Esch. lib. i. p»4s8, z Cole piaed. * See a Memoir of him in Gentleman's Magazine for 1772, p. 161, et seq. And Annual Reg. for 177s. Characters, p t, See it also in Memoirs ©f James's Peers, p. 46. 208 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. of Kirksted of Lincolnshire, and generally called Fynes, was twice married, viz. first, in December, l(x.6, to Eleanor, daughter to Sir James Harrington, and secondly, to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Hickman, LL. D. brother to Walter, ancestor to the Earl of Plymouth, and had issue by both. By the first (who died in childbed; Sir Henry was father of three sons, viz. first, Henry- Clinton, (who left no male issue by his wife, Jane, daughter of Abraham Markham, Esq. ; but had issue three daughters, first, Catharine, wife of Daniel Disney, b of Lincoln, Esq. ; second, Elizabeth, wife of the Hon. George Willoughby, of Knaith, com. Lincoln, afterwards Lord Willoughby, of Parham ; and third, Dorcas, wife of Prince, Esq.) Second, Harrington, second son of Sir Henry. And third, Norreys, who by his third wife c Margaret, who died June 19th, 1707, aged seventy-two, and is buried at Wing, in com. Bucks, d had issue six sons, viz. Norreys, Henry, Charles, Edward, Henry, and James, who all died before their mother, ex- cept Norreys and Charles; also five daughters, viz. Bridget, Sarah, Bridget, Catherine, and Henrietta Maria, who all died un- married. And likewise of a daughter, Elizabeth, wedded to Sir Michael Lucy, Knight. By his said second wife Elizabeth Hickman, he had two sons, Arthur and William, who departed this life without progeny : also six daughters, viz. Penelope, Bridget, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann and Ellen ; whereof only Penelope lived to the age of maturity, and was married to Hudson, Esq. Thomas, son and heir to the last Earl Henry, was third Earl of Lincoln, and forty-five years of age when his father died ; and heir to the following possessions e in Lincolnshire, viz. the manors of Aslackby and Temple Aslackby j the castle and manor of Tattershall ; the house and scite of the monastery of Sempring- ham, and manor of Sempringham, and advowson of the church ; the manor of Billingborough, and rectory of the church, and ad- vowson of the vicarage , the manors of East and West Cbughton j the honour, castle, and manor of Folkingham, and manor of Thirkingham, and advowson of the churches ; the manors of Tattershall, Thorp, and Kirby Bayne 5 the manors of Roughton, b Mother of the learned and Rev- John Disney. See Biog. Brit. vol. v. p. 252. c Le Neve's Mon. Ang. vol. iii p. 78. and vol v p 201, 218. d Appendix to Memohs of James's Peers. e Cole Pried- DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 209 Marton juxta Thornton, Conisbye, Billingay, Walcot juxta Bii- lingay, Burthorp, and Kirksted, alias Cristed j and the college and scite of the manor of Tatlershall. In his father's life time, he served f in parliament in the reign of Queen Elizabeth for St. Ives in Cornwall, and for Grimsby in Lincolnshire. In the first of James I. s having been elected one of the knights of the shire for the county of Lincoln, he was one of the commissioners appointed, by act of parliament, to treat with certain select commissioners, nominated by the parliament of Scotland, for an union between both kingdoms j and February 1 8th, 1609-K), had summons to parliament as Baron Clinton, and Say. His Lordship married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir to Sir Henry Knevitt, of Charlton, in com. Wilts, Knight, by whom he had issue eight sons, Henry,11 and Thomas, who both died young; Theophilus, his successor; Edward, Sir Charles, Knevitt, sixth son, Robert, seventh son, died without issue, John, eighth son, who died unmarried ; with nine daughters, Catharine, Lucy, Anne, and Dorcas, who died young ; Elizabeth, who was married to John Berisford of Ledenham, in com. Line, and died ' July '26th, 1624 ; Frances, to John Gorges, Esq.. son and heir to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Knight, Susan, to Humphreys, of the county of Kent, Esq.; Ambejla^ho was wedded JoIsaacJoiinson ; du ftrf$ /p and Sarah. And departing this life at his castle ofTattershall, in com. Line. January 15th, k anno I6I8-I9, lieth 'buried in the chancel of that parish church ; leaving his Lady surviving. Which Elizabeth, Countess of Lincoln, was a Lady of great piety and virtue : she wrote a tract on " The Duty of Nursing, due by Mothers to their own Children ;" and dedicated it to the Right Honourable and approved virtuous Lady, Bridget, Countess of Lincoln, her son's wife, (as she says) " because it hath pleased God to bless me with many children, and to cause me to observe many things falling out to mothers, and to their children." l Theophilus, his eldest surviving son, fourth Earl of Lincoln, was nineteen m years of age at his father's decease. He was made Knight of the Bath at the creation of Prince Charles, No- vember 4th, 1616. In 22 Jac. I. n on raising those forces under ' Willis's Not. Pari, p 80, 150. c Willis, 161. h MS. I. 8. p. 4. in Offic. Arm. i Le Neve's Mori. Aug. vol i. p. 93. k Cole's Esc. lib.i. p. 459. 1 See Park's R. and N A. vol. ii. p. 27a. m Cole praed. n Wilson's Life of James I. in Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 789. VOL. II. P 210 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Count Mansfield, for the service of the Elector Palatine, which consisted of 12,000 men, and were formed into six regiments, he was colonel of one of them, also of one of the two troops of horse raised for that service. In the beginning of February, tak- ing shipping in Kent, being above 100 sail, they put over to Calais for forces promised by the French, but notwithstanding the intimate correspondence between both kingdoms, by the treaty of marriage agreed on, such delays were used by that court, as Mansfield was obliged to depart without them, and sail with his army to Zealand, where he lay at the Ramekins a long time ; the soldiers not being permitted to land by the States, who would not furnish them with provisions. Afterwards they sailed to Guer- tenberg in Brabant, where they met with the same treatment 5 and famine, and close confinement on shipboard brought the pestilence amongst them, that many hundreds died, and beaten on the shores, had their bowels eaten out by hogs and swine, to the horror of the beholders ; whereby of the 12,000 men, scarce the half came with their general into Germany. Of this Earl of Lincoln, I find, October 5th, 1646, ° the par- liament ordered 1700/. out of delinquents estates in Lincolnshire to be paid him j which sum he had disbursed in their service ; but in 1647, p opposing the power of the army, and endeavouring to bring on a treaty with the King, an impeachment of high treason was carried up by the commons (then under power of the army) September 8th, praying that he might be sequestered from the house, and committed ; and promising to bring in a particular charge against him and other lords, then likewise impeached. However, he was afterwards discharged from it; and June 20th, 1649,^ petitioned for damages in demolishing Tattershall castle, belonging to him. He lived r to see the restoration of the royal family; and at the coronation of Charles II. performed the office of carver. He married, first, Bridget, daughter to William Fienes, Vis- count Say and Sele, by whom he had two sons, s Edward ; George, who died young, and seven daughters; Catharine, married to George Lord Delamere ; Bridget, and Lucy, who both died un- married ; Arabella, wife of Robert Rolle of Hainton Satchville, in com. Devon. Esq. whence descended the late Baroness Clinton o Whitlock, p. 2*8. P Ibid. p. 271. \ Ibid. p. 394, 395. r Baker's Chron- 7th Edit. p. 738. 739. « Dugd. Addit, to his Baronage. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 2\\ and the present Lord Clinton; Margaret, wedded to Hugh Bos- cawen of Tregothnan, in com. Cornub. Esq. whence descended Fortescue Lord Clinton ; Mary, who died young ; and Judith: which Edward, their brother, dying in his fathers life-time, left issue by Anne his wife, daughter to John Holies, Earl of Clare, (who1 was after his decease married to Bates, Esq. and died 1707) a son, Edward, who on the death of his grandfather in 1667, succeeded him in his honour and estate. This Earl Theo- philus's secord wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Arthur Gorges, of Chelsea, com. Mid. Knight, and widow of Sir Robert Stanley ; she died May 2d, 1675, without issue by this Earl. Edward, Jifth Ear I of Lincoln, was made Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King Charles II. and married Jane, daughter to Peter de Guliere, Lord of Verune in France, u who died with- out issue by him, August 25th, 1688, and was buried from Ferne- field, in the parish of Egham in Surry, on September 1st, follow- ing, in Westminster Abbey. His Lordship departed this life in November 1692. I shall now treat of Francis Clinton, third son of Sir Edward Clinton, second son of Henry, second Earl of Lincoln, by his first Countess. The said Francis Clinton was seated at Stourton Parva, in com. Line, and by his wife Priscilla, daughter to John Hill, Esq. had Francis Clinton his son and heir, and Thomas ; also a daughter, Priscilla, married to Sir Willoughby D'Ewes, of Stow Langtoft, in the county of Suffolk, Bart. The said Francis, eldest son, was, in his father's life-time, knighted, and succeeded him in his estate at Stourton. He became the sixth Earl of Lincoln, upon the death of Earl Edward in 1692, and died the next] year, aged fifty-eight. He married first Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Killigrew, Knight, by whom he had a son Francis, who died an infant. But, by his second wife Susan (who was daughter to Anthony Penniston, Esq. a younger son of Sir Thomas Penniston of Oxfordshire, and died September 23d, 1720) he -had two sons, Henry his heir, George, second son, and a daughter, Lady Susannah, married to the Honourable Robert Booth, of the county of Lincoln, Esq. fa- ther of Penniston Booth, D.D. Dean of Windsor, 1738, and died in July, 1754. The Honourable George Clinton, second son, taking to the sea service, was appointed captain in the royal navy, June 16th,. t Le Neve's Mon. Ang. « Ex Collect, King, MS. penes rrreips. 212 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. 1716. In 1732, he was governor of Newfoundland, and com- modore of a squadron of his Majesty's ships there. In 1/37, he was commodore and commander in chief of all his Majesty's men of war in the Mediterranean. On July 4th, 1741, he was ap- pointed captain general, and governor in chief of New York j and on December 10th, 1/43, rear admiral of the Red squadron of his Majesty's fleet. Also, April 23d, 1745, vice admiral of the Red ; and admiral of the Blue, July 15th, 1/4/, and admiral of the White, December 9th, 176O5 he died x senior admiral of the White, in the /5th year of his age, on July 10th, 1761. In the parliament, which met May 3 1st, 1754, he was chosen a member for the borough of Saltash. He married Anne, daughter and heir of the Honourable Peter Carle, major general in our service, and general and engineer in Portugal, she departed this life August 5th, 1767* by whom he had three sons and three daughters, of whom two of each sex died in their infancy : Mary, the surviving daughter, married Robert Roddam, then captain, afterwards ad- miral in the navy; she died at New York in America, December pth, 1750, aged twenty-two, and was buried in the New Church there 3 Henry, the remaining son, was a Knight of the most honourable order of the Bath, commander in chief of his Majesty's land forces in America, lieutenant general of his Majesty's forces, colonel of the 12th regiment of foot, governor of Limerick in Ireland, groom of the bed-chamber to his Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, and member of parliament for Newark in Nottinghamshire. In Feb. 1 767, he married Harriot, daughter and coheir of Thomas Carter, Esq. She was born March 25th, O. S. and died August 29th, 1772, and was buried at Bamber.y They had issue Augusta, born July 21st, 17685 William, born December 23d, 1769, lieutenant colonel in the first foot guards, a major general in the army, married, March 14th, 1797, Hon. Louisa Dorothea Holroyd, youngest daughter of Lord Sheffield, by whom he has issue Louisa Lucy ; Maria Augusta j and a son, born March 1802: Henry, born March 9th, 1771, lieutenant colonel in the first foot guards, married, December 30th, 1799, • Miss Charteris, daughter of the late lord Elcho j Louisa, married the second son of Henry Dawkins, Esq. ; and Harriot, born Au- gust 2 1st, 1772, married, 1799, lieutenant colonel Chester. Sir Henry died Dec. 13, 1795. Henry, seventh Earl of Lincoln, who in 1 693, succeeded x Coffin plate. y Ex Ped penes Due Newcastle, 1786 ■ DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 213 his father, took his seat in the house of Peers z March 25th, 1/08. He was one of the gentlemen of the bed-chamber to Prince George of Denmark, in which post he attended at his funeral November 13th, 17O8 ; but during the last four years of Queen Anne's reign, he opposed the measures of the court, and the peace made at Utrecht, refusing both place and pension offered him; where- upon Arthur Herbert, Earl of Torrington, on his decease, valuing his stedfastness and integrity, left him the bulk of his estate. At the coronation of George I. his Lordship carried the pointed sword. On September 21st, a 1714, he was master of the horse to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, our late Sovereign ; and, October l6th b following, appointed one of the lords of the bedchamber to his Majesty. On October 13th, c 1715, he was constituted paymaster general of his Majesty's forces ; and after- wards sworn of his most honourable privy-council. On March 27th, 1721, d he was elected a Knight companion of the most noble order of the Garter, and installed on April 25th * following. On January 19th, 1722-3, he took the oaths in council at St. James's, as lord lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets, and constable of the Tower of London. In 1725, his Lordship, resigning his post of constable of the Tower of London, was, on June Preap- pointed cofferer of his Majesty's household. At the coronation of our late Sovereign, his Lordship carried the pointed sword ; and March 23d, 1/28, was'appointed Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cambridge : he was also one of the gentlemen of his Majesty's bed-chamber, and one of his privy-council. His Lordship married, May l6th, 17 J 7, Lucy, daughter of Thomas Lord Pelham, and sister to Thomas Duke of Newcastle, by whom he had issue three sons; George bis successor, Henry, Duke of Newcastle, and Thomas, who was born November 8th, 1723, died on March 18th, 1 726-7, and was buried at St. James's, Westminster: also five daughters; Lady Lucy, who was born May 17th, 1721, died unmarried, October Uth, 1/63, and was interred at Bamber in Lincolnshire ; Lady Margaret, who was born in December 1722, died in October, 1723, and was buried at Weybridge; Lady Anne, who was born November 1 1th, 1724, 1 Journal Dom. Procer. * Pointer's Chron. Hist. p. 776. b Ibid. p. 785. c Ibid. p. 864. d Anstis's Reg. vol. ii. p. 27$. e Pole's Hist, and Antiq. of Windsor, p. 307. 214 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. and died young ; Lady Grace, born August l6th, 1/20, who also died in her infancy, and was buried at Weybridge $ as did Lady Caroline, who was born January 20th, 1727, to whom her late Majesty was godmother. His Lordship departed this life in the 44th year of his age, on September 7th, 1728, leaving his Countess surviving, who died at Weybridge July 20th, 1736. His eldest son George, eighth Earl of Lincoln, who was born on January l6th, 17*8, and to whom King George I. was godfather, succeeded his father; and dying on April 30th, 1730, in the 13th year of his age, was succeeded by Henry his brother, the first Duke of Newcastle. Which Henry, ninth Earl of Lincoln, and first Duke of Newcastle of his family, and the twenty first in paternal descent from Renebald de Clinton, was born April 20th, 1720; on February 6th, 1742, appointed gentleman of his Majesty's bed- chamber j and July 24th following, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cambridge, and took the oaths there- upon on the 29th of the same month. On December 25th, 1746, his Grace was appointed cofferer of his Majesty's household 5 and on April 1st, 1751, was constituted auditor of the receipt of his Majesty's Exchequer. On March 13th, 1752, he was elected a Knight companion of the most noble order of the Garter, at a chapter held at St. James's; and chosen high steward of West- minster, January 1759. His Grace was also vested with the offices of comptroller of the customs in the port of London, master of Geddington Chase in Northamptonshire, and president of the Westminster infirmary. He was a lord of the bed-chamber to the late King, and for some time in the same station to the present > at whose coronation he carried the sword called Curtana : soon after which he resigned all his places dependant on the crown, except those of auditor and comptroller, which are for life. His Grace Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, being by patent, dated November 13th, 1756, created Duke of New- castle under Lyne, with remainder, on default of his issue male, to Henry Earl of Lincoln, and his heirs male by Catharine his then wife, was, at his death on November 17th, 1768, suc- ceeded in the said title of Duke of Newcastle under Lyne in com. Stafford, by the said Henry Earl of Lincoln, who likewise ob- tained his Majesty's licence to take and use the name of Pelham ; and on December 16th following, his Grace was sworn of his Ma- jesty's privy-council, and took his place at that honourable board DUKE OF NEWCASTLE. 215 accordingly ; he was also on the same day appointed Lord Lieu- tenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Nottingham, and of the town of Nottingham, and county of the same town ; also steward, keeper, and guardian of his Majesty's forest of Sherwood, and park of Folewood, in the county of Nottingham. His Grace was also Fellow of the Royal Society ; Doctor of Laws, being so admitted when the Duke of Newcastle was installed Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, in July 1/49; mgh steward of Westminster, and president of the Westminster hospital. His Grace married, October l6th, 1/44, Catherine, eldest sur- viving daughter and coheir of the Right Honourable Henry Pel- ham, Esq. brother to the above mentioned Thomas Duke of New- castle ; and by her (who died July 27th, 1760, and was buried at Bamber in Lincolnshire) he had issue, first, George, Lord Clinton, who was born on November 26th, 1/45, and died at Greenwich on August 19th, 1/.02 ; f second, the Honourable Henry Fienes Pelham Clinton, commonly called Earl of Lincoln, born No- vember 5th, 1750, one of the representatives elected in 1774 for the county of Nottingham. His Lordship died in France, October 18th, 177^ and was buried in Westminster Abbey; having on May 21st, 1775, married Lady Frances Seymour Conway, daughter of Francis Earl of Hertford, by whom he left a daughter, born April 6th, and baptised on May 6th, 1776, by the name of Catherine, married, October 2d, 1800, Viscount Folkestone, and died May 17th, 1804 ; and a son Henry, born December 23d, 1777,0b. September 23d, 1779* ; third, the Hon. Thomas Pelham Clinton, born July 1st, 1752; who was, while a younger son, a captain in the first regiment of foot guards, with the rank of lieutenant colonel in the army; also member in 1774 for the city of Westminster, and afterwards succeeded his father, as second Duke-, fourth, the Hon. John Pelham Clinton, born on September 13th, 1755, elected 1774 member of parliament for East Retford in Nottinghamshire ; and died at Lisbon Novem- ber 10th, 1781, set. twenty-seven. His Grace died February 22d, 1794, and was succeeded by his aforesaid sonh. Thomas, second Duke of Newcastle, who was a major general in the army, and colonel of the seventeenth regiment of light dragoons. He married Lady Anna Maria Stanhope, sister f Buried at Bamber. * Coffin Plate. * Ex Coffin Plate. 216 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. to the present Earl of Harrington, by whom he had, first, Henry Pelham, present Duke-, second, Lord Thomas, lieutenant in the first regiment of foot guards, died of a malignant fever at Gibraltar", October 13th, 1804; third, Lady Charlotte, married colonel Sta- pleton Cotton, of the sixteenth dragoons, and died 1807. His Grace died May 17th, 1795, and was succeeded by his son. Henry Pelham, third and present Duke, married July 18th, 1807, Miss Mundy, only daughter of Edward Miller Mundy, Esq. by his last wife (widow of Lord Middleton.) Titles. Henry Pelham Clinton, Duke of Newcastle, and Earl of Lincoln. Creations. Earl of Lincoln, May 4th, (1572), 14 Elizabeth, and Duke of Newcastle under Line by patent, November 13th, 1756, Geo. II. Arms. Argent, six Crosslets fitchy, Sable, on a chief Azure, two Mullets, round pierced, Or. Crest. In a ducal coronet Gules, five ostrich feathers, proper, banded Azure. Supporters. Two greyhounds Argent, plain collared and lined Gules. Motto. Loyal te na lionte. Chief Seats. Clumber Park Lodge, in the county of Notting- ham, formerly part of the Holies estates. fi£JUU~>%9 •**>* *<>&>* &€^j &ir&r>i> From her own Deeds in the great Chartulary of the Percy Family. (Penes Due. Northumb.) See also Mon. Ang. vol. iii. p. 250. * Mon. Ang. vol. iii, .p, 159. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 225 gists, first, Walter j second, Alan; third, Richard; and fourth, William ; k but they probably all died in their infancy, except Alan, who alone is mentioned in any of the ancient records. He was living when his father signed his charters of foundation to Salley Abbey, to which Alan de Percy subscribed his name as son and heir:1 but afterwards, dying without issue, in hi*' father's, life-time ; at the death of this third Lord William, the eldest branch of the first race of Percys from Normandy became extinct in the male line, and their great inheritance descended to William's two daughters, the ladies, first, Maud, and second, Agnes. Of whom the former leaving no issue, it all ultimately- centred in the posterity of the latter. First, Maud de Percy, the eldest of these ladies, was second wife of William de Plesset, Earl of Warwick, who dying without issue in the Holy Land, A. D. 1 184, m the Lady Maud gave a fine to the King of seven hundred mnrks, for livery of those lands of her father, which by inheritance belonged to her; as also that she might have an assignment of her dower, and not be com- pelled to marry unto any but whom she should like. She was a great benefactress to the Abbey of Salley, endowed by her father, so as to be reputed its second founder. n For the monks pretend- ing that the air of Craven was so moist and cloudy, that their corn seldom ripened, she, for their relief, gave them the church of Tadcaster, with the chapel of Haslewood, and a yearly pension from the church of Neuthon ; as also one carucate or ploughland, lying in Catton, the place of her nativity.0 These endowments she made, for the souls of William Earl of Warwick, her quon- dam spouse ; of William de Percy, her father; and of Adelis (or Alice) de Tunbridge, her mother; of Alan de Percy her brother, and of Agnes her sister, by the counsel and advice of various persons, her liege men, and of all her Court, p By this expression is sufficiently intimated the splendid and almost royal state in which this great Countess lived among her vassals. She died, according to Dugdale, 842, 844. m Dugd Warw. p. 305. Bar. i. p- 70, 71. " Mon Ang. vol. i. p. 842. ° Ibid. f Consilio virorum ct fidelium meorum et totius Curiae mea?. Ibid. p. 843 1 Dugdale in his Hist. Warvv.fi:st Edit. p. 30$, who refers to Pat 6 Joh. m. 6. vol. 11. a 225 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. (A. D. 1204, or 5) when the King directed his precept to the sheriff of Yorkshire, to take order with her executors the Abbot of Fountains, and . . .*. de Percy, r (her sister's son) that they should forthwith discharge all her debts,, that were due to the Exchequer. Second, Agnes de Percy, second daughter of the third Lord William de Percy, was married to Josceline of Lovain, brother of Queen Adelicia, second wife of King Henry I. j who, after the death of that Prince, without issue, married, secondly, William de Albeney, Earl of Arundel. Both Adelicia and Josceline were issue of Godfrey Barbatus, Duke of Nether Lorrain, and Count of Brabant and Lovain, descended lineally from the ancient Dukes or Counts of Hainaulr, and from the second race of Kings of France, sprung from the Emperor Charlemagne. All the ancient writers s have delivered, that the Lady Agnes being heiress to so great an estate, would only consent to marry Josceline, upon con- dition that he should either adopt the name, or arms of Percy : and that he, consulting with the Queen his sister, chose to assume the name of Percy, which was ever after borne by his descen- dants 5 but retained his own paternal arms, in order to perpetuate his claim to the principality of his father, in case the elder line of the reigning Dukes should ever become extinct. The arms borne by the Lords Percys of the first race, had been, " Azure, five fusils in fessOrj" and the same were engraven on the seal of Salley Abbey, out of compliment to their founder, the third Lord William de Percy, and were indeed borne, with some variation, by all the younger branches of the Percy family, not sprung from Josceline of Lovain. But he and his descendants, though they assumed the name of Percy, gave in their escutcheon, " Or, a lion rampant Azure y- which are generally styled by our English heralds the old arms of Brabant, which they say1 were afterwards changed for those now borne for that Duchy, viz. " Sable, a lion rampant Or." However, in the great old pedigree at Sion House, it is thus represented j " The ancient armes of Hainault this Lord Joscelin retained, and gave his children the surname of Percie." r Dugdale says, Henry de Percy ; but it was more probably Richard de Percy. See below. • Vid. Vincent Bar. No. 20 in College Arm. Lond. Harl. MSS. 692, (26.) Camden in Britannia ad fin. Comit- Northumbr. Litt Fed- Roll, at Sion, &c*c 1 V d. Camden, ubi supra. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 22? Thus ended in a female the first race of Lord Percys from Normandy ; but their name and barony were revived and per- petuated with additional lustre in the posterity of the Lady Agnes de Percy, by her princely spouse, Josceline de Lovain; till at length their noble descendants were advanced to the Earldom of Northumberland, as will be shewn below, and made so great a figure in the annals of this kingdom. In a note we will trace from its source the descent of Josceline himself, who was sprung from a long line of sovereign Princes, Kings, and Emperors.* u House of Lovain. The lineal ancestors of Jock line de Lovain, the ancient Dukes of Counts a of Hainault, (for these titles seem to be given them indiscriminately) had an original more illustrious than almost any other sovereign family in Europe: for on the very first mention which occurs of them in history, Ra- cinerus, or Regnier, then reigning Duke of Hainault, is thus addressed by Rollo the Norman ; who, having taken him prisoner, wished to conclude a treaty of alliance with him, A. D, £86 ;b " O Duke Regnier, most gallant soldier, who art sprung from the illustrious blood of Kings, and Dukes, and Counts,' &c.c Indeed there is strong proof that either Regnier, or his wife, who was named Albrada, was issue of the Frincess Ermengarde, daughter of the Emperor Lothair (grandson of Charlemagne) by Gislebert her husband, Count of Mansuarie and Darnou, whom she wedded (by a stolen marriage] in 846. d The above Duke Regnier I. who was surnamed Longicollus, or Long- recked, died in 916, having had issue by his wife Albrada, first, Gislebert, Duke of Lorrain, who died in 939, having issue by Gerberga his wife, (who afterwards married Louis d'Outremer, King of France) one son, Henry, who died without issue, and one daughter, Gerberga; second, Regnier II. Count ofMons, &c. lineal ancestor of Josceline of Lovain ; third, Lambert, whose son Ansfrid, Count of Lovain in 990, resigned his county to his cousin Lam- bert Rarbatus, mentioned below, and became Bishop of Utrecht, where he died in ior.9 ; fourth, Balderic, Bishop of Liege; besides a daughter, married to Berengarius, Count of Namure- Regnier. II. Count of Mons, &c. was living in 930. He married a * The titles of Duke and Count were used promiscuously in the ninth century. Vid Mezeray Abrege Chron- sub, Ann- 875, b ButkemTropbecs de Brabant (2d Edit.) II torn. 1724. folio, vol i- b- 2. c *' Raginere Dux, milesque asperrime, Regumque et Ducum, atque Co- mitum superbo satus sanguine, &c " DudoS. Quint, lib. ii. p 75. Will. Gemmetic, lib ii c. 8, p 227 a.pud Duchesne, Hist Norman folio d Butkem (ubi supra ) from whose most accurate History, supported by charters, and other undoubted evidences, the following account of the ancestors of Josceline de Lovain is extracted; as also from Mlrai Stemmata, iamo et Deplomata Btlgica, 2 torn, fol- both of them works of great accuracy and' credit. 323 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Before we quit this subject, it may not be improper to ob- serve, that although the posterity of Josceline's eldest brother, God- sister of Raol, or Rodolphe, (who was crowned King of France in 923,) and had issue, Regnier III. Count of Mons, &c He endeavouring to recover by force part of the domains which Queen Gerberga, his uncle's widow, held in dower, was by her brother Bruno, Archbishop and Archduke of Lorrain, driven in 959 into exile, in which he died; having had issue by Adela his wife two sons, who fled for refuge to Lothair, King of France ; viz. first, Regnier IV. who in 985 recovered Mons and Hainault, and married Hadwige, daughter of Hugh Capet, King of France; by whom he had issue Regnier V. who died in 1033, leaving by his wife Maud of Lorrain, only one daughter, Ri- childis, heiress of Hainault, Brabant, Mons, and Valenciennes ; which rich inheritance she by marriage conveyed to the Earls of Flanders, being wife of Earl Baldwin V- brother of King William the Conqueror's Queen, and ap- parently mother of Gilbert de Gaunt, before mentioned, who must have been her third son. The second son of Regnier III. was Lambert, surnamed Barbatus, (and also Baldric) who assisted his elder brother Regnier IV. in recovering his patrimony, and in 990 became Count of Lovain by the cession or gift of his cousin Ansfrid, as is above mentioned. He was also Count or Lord of Brabant, and was killed A. D. 1015, at the battle of Florines, in which he assisted his nephew Regnier V. against Godfrey Duke of Lorrain. By a very remarkable fatality, as his brother married a daughter of Hugh Capet the usurper of the crown of France, so Lambert married Gerberga, who at the death of her brother Otho, e was only surviving issue of Charles Duke of Lorrain, the true heir to that crown, whom Hugh Capet had set aside, and imprisoned in 987, being the lineal male descendant of the Em- peror Charlemagne; in whom centred all the rights of the Carlovingian Kings of France : for, after the death of his nephew Louis Le Faineant in 987, Charles ought to have succeeded to the crown, being the only surviving son of King Louis d'Outremer, who died in 954, by his Queen Gerberga, widow of Gislebert, before mentioned. f Which King Louis d'Outremer, was son of King Charles the Simple, by his Queen Egiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England, son of Alfred the Great. Charles the Simple was son of King Louis the Stammerer, who was also Emperor, and died in 879. He was son of the Emperor and King of France Charles the Bald, that deceased in 878, who was son of the Emperor and King Louis the Debon nair, that died in 840; having succeeded his father, that e This Otto died 1004, and the Dukedom of Lower Lorraine was ob- tained by Godfrey Count of Verdun, who died 1019, s p. whose brother Gotheto succeeded, and died 1044, and left issue Godfrey II. who obtained Lower Lorraine. He ob. 1070, leaving issue Godfrey Crookback, who ob. J076, s p. and Ida, wife of Eustace Earl of Boulogne, who had issue Godfrey •f Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine, King of Jerusalem, ob- 1 100. ' Vid Henault Ahreg£ Chionologique, Mezeray, &c DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 229 frey II. the reigning Duke, after a few generations, ended, as to its eldest branch, in a female 5 who carried their rich domains great Monarch of France, and first Emperor Charlemagne at his death in 8146 Such was the royal and imperial descent of Gerberga, wife of Lambert Barbatus, Count of Lovain, by whom he had issue, first, Kenry I. Count of Brabant and Lovain, who died in 1038, leaving issue one son, Otho, that died in his infancy, and three daughters; second, Lambert Baldric II. ancestor of Josceline of Lovain ; third, Regnier, and one daughter, Mathildis, or Maud, wife of Eustace, Count of Bologne, whose grandsons, Godfrey and Baldwin, were successively Kings of Jerusalem. Lambert II. surnamcd Baldric, was Count of Brabant and Lovain after his brother Henry, and died in 1054, leaving issue two sons, viz. first, Henry: second, Regnier. Henry II. Count of Brabant and Lovain, died in 1068. He had issue by his wife Adela (believed to be daughter of the Landgrave of Thuringia,) First, Henry III. who was Count of Brabant, Lovain, &c. after his father; but was untimely slain in a tournament in 1096, leaving only daughters; second, Godfrey Barbatus ; third, Adelboron, Bishop of Liege, who died in 1 1 28 ; and one daughter, Ida, wife of Baldwin, Count of Hainault, son of Richildis, and of Baldwin IX. Earl of Flanders, before mentioned. Godfrey, surnamed Barbatus, or A-la-Barbe, succeeded his elder brother Henry, and was one of the greatest Princes of his time. He re- vived the pretensions of his house to the Duchy of Lotharingia, or Lorrain, as lineally descended from Duke Charles, son of King Louis d'Outremer: and is said to have acquired the surname of Barbatus, from his having made a vow never to cut his beard till he had obtained possession of that patrimony : and he so far succeeded in his views, that he was by the Em- peror Henry V. in 1106, constituted Duke of Lower Lorrain and Marquis of Antwerp. He died on the 15th of January, 1139, having had two wives^ His first was Ida, daughter of Albeit, Count of Namur, h who dying early, he married, in or before the year 1117, to his second wife, Clementia daughter of William," Duke of Burgundy, widow of Robert of Jerusalem, Earl of Flanders, and sister of Pope Calixtus .II. She died in n 31. By his first Duchess Ida, Godfrey Barbatus had issue, first, Godfrey II. Duke of Lor- rain, &c who succeeded his father in all his honours, and whose grandson Henry was the first who had the formal title of Duke of Brabant, notwith- standing this is misrepresented by ignorant writers ; second, Count Henry, who became a monk in the Abbey of Affligem ; third, Claricia, a nun; fourth, A delis or Adelicia, Queen of England, second wife of King Henry I. who being very young, and one of the greatest beauties of her time, ' was married e Henault, Mazeray, &c. h Not Sophia, sister or daughter of the Emperor Henry V. as it is in some historians. This is proved from evidences, by Butkens in Trophees de Bra- bant, torn i- p. 106. i So Mat. Westmonast. Mat. Paris. Continuat ad Florent Wigom sub ann- 1121. Hen. Huntingdon, ad ann- 1120. Camden- Britann. sub gom, Sussex. Sandford's General Hist. 1 Ed. p 26. 230 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. into the House of Burgundy 5 whence, by a subsequent marriage, they were transferred to the House of Austria : yet, by a younger branch, that sovereign family is still perpetuated in the male line "Feb. 2d, uiii to that Monarch, who hoped to have issue male to repair the loss of his son and heir, Prince William, that had been drowned in 1119 : as she never had any issue by him, she, after his death, (who deceased in -113-5) married William de Albeney, one of the greatest men of that age; who, in her right, was Earl of Arundel, and left descendants; k by whom that Earl- dom has been transmitted down in lineal succession to the present time, being vested now in the Dukes of Norfolk ; fifth, Ida, Countess of Cleves. By his second wife Clementia of Burgundy, Godfrey Barbatus had only his youngest son Josceline de Lovain; who coming into England to his sister Queen Adelicia very young, has been unnoticed by the Brabantine historians; and being the offspring of the second marriage, is not mentioned in a charter of his half brother Count Henry, 1 wherein he appears to have enumerated only his own uterine brothers and sisters. '" But that Josceline de Lovain was brother to Queen Adelicia, and of course son to Duke Godfrey Barbatus, is proved by innumerable deeds and charters still extant,. of which I shall here only mention a few. Thus, among the ancient writings n of the Percy family, is still preserved an original deed of Lord Josceline himself, as fair and legible as when it was \\ ritten, containing a grant to one Richard de Pacinges, of land at Kopereshurst, near Petworth, which thus begins, *' Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Joscelinus frater REGiNEdedi, et concessi, &c." His sister Queen Adelicia, had received a giant of the honour and castle of Arundel in dowry from her first husband King Henry I. and she and her second husband William de Albeney constituted her brother Josceline Castellan of Arundel,*a high office in that age; and granted him the honour of Petworth in Sussex, anciently a member of Arundel, p Their grant was confirmed by King Henry II. when only Duke of Normandy (circ n<)2,}li by his charter still preserved in the great Chartulary of the Percy family ;r in which " Henricus Dux Norman, et Aquit. Comes An- degav, &c. confirms Jocelino fratri Regine Adelicie honorem de Pctteworth, &c. &c sicut Willielmus Comes Arundel et Regina Adelicia ipsi ilium dederunt." Dugdale has also printed in the Monasticon Anglicanum, lorn. iii. p. 78, a charter of the same King Henry II. reciting and confirming the grants made to the Abbey of Durford in Essex, in which, among other benefactions, is, 4< Exdono Jocelini fkatris Regine unamvirgatam terra k Dugd Bar. I. p. 119. 1 Butkens Trophees de Brabant, torn- i. p. 107. » Butkens, ubi supra. Miraei Deplomata Belgica, torn. i. Haraei AnnaleS de Brabant, torn. i. " Penes Due. Northumb. • Dug. Baron- vol i. p. 119, 270, 271. p Ibid. Camden. Britann sub com. Sussex. 1 He about that time exercised regal powers in this kingdom. See Rymcr, vol. i. p. 4, Edit. Hag 1745. ' Penes Due. Northum, fol 145. Vid- ibid. fol. 143, b. fol 153, DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. in in the present Princes of Hesse j who are lineally descended from the ancient Dukes of Brabant, as will appear in the following short sketch of their genealogy, x viz. Godfrey Barbatus, who died in 1 139, was father of Godfrey II. who died in 1142. He of Godfrey III. who died in lipo. He of Henry the First, Duke of Brabant, who died in 1235. He of Henry II. Duke of Brabant, who died in 1247, and by his second wife Sophia, daughter of Lewis, Landgrave of Thuringia and Hesse, had issue Henry, commonly called the Hessian, who, through his mother, derived claims to the Landgravate of Thuringia and Hesse ; in conse- quence of which his son Otho got all Hesse, and was# father of Lewis of Grebenstein. He of Herman, usually stiled the Learned. He of Lewis II. surnamed the Peaceable. He of Lewis III. called the Frank. He of William III. commonly termed by historians Medius, or the Middlemost, to distinguish him from his brother and cousin of the same name. He of Philip the Magnanimous, one of the principal heroes of the Reformation in Germany. He of William IV. the Wife, Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. He of Maurice. He of William V. He of William VI. He of Charles, who was father of King Frederick of Sweden, that married the sister of King Charles XII. and of ... . William, second son, Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, whose son, . ... Frederick, married the Princess Mary of Engl a no, daughter of King George II. and had issue three Princes, viz. William, Sovereign of Hesse Cassel, and his two brothers, Charles and Frederick ; of whom the two former married two sisters of the late King of Denmark, by whom they have issue. in Hetshyte, &c'' * Innumerable other proofs of the same kindmight be ad- duced, ■ but these are sufficient to establish beyond all possibility of doubt that Josceline de Lovain, and his lineal male descendants, the Lord Percys of the second race, were the genuine offspring of Duke Godfrey Barbatur, sprung from the ancient Dukes and Counts of Hainault, Brabant and Lovain, issued from the Emperor Charlemagne, and the Carlovingian Kings of France, x Hist, de Hesse, par M. Mallet, z torn. 8vo. Paris, \j6jy &c. Anderson's Royal Genealogies, folio. * See also Mon. Ang. vol iir. p. 78, compared with p. 80. t Vid. Dugd. Bar. 1. p. 271. Camden. Britann. sub. com. Sussex & Northumb. &c 332 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. House of Lovain. Thus descended from, and allied to, a long race of Sovereign Princes was Josceline de Lovain, who married the Lady Agnes, and was ancestor of the subsequent Lord Percys, and of their descendants the Earls of Northumberland. Josceline died long before his Lady ; for in her grants to the Abbey of Sal ley, she speaks of King Henry II. as living, (who deceased in 1189) but of her spouse as dead : viz. (f Pro salute anime mee, et charissimi Domini nostri Regis Henrici, et Regine Alienore, et Jocelini de Lovein quondam sponsi mei, &:c. y Besides his honour of Petworth in Sussex, (which descended through his posterity of the Percy family to the present Earl of Egremont) Josceline had a grant of lands in Yorkshire, consisting of five knights fees and a half, z which are styled in the red book of the Exchequer " Feod. Jocelini de Lovaine. a He made large dona- tions to the Abbeys of Lewes, Reading, and other religious houses,1' and was buried at Petworth. c His Lady, Agnes de Percy, who survived him many years, and appears even to have outlived her sister, d was -buried in the Chapter house at Whitby, with this epitaph, e Agnes Agnetis festo tumulatur ; et istis Idem Sexus, idem Nomen, et una Dies. By the Lady Agnes, Josceline de Lovain had issue (according to all the ancient writers) four sons, and two daughters. The former are thus arranged by the old genealogists ; f first, Henry de Percy, the eldest, who appears to have died before his mother, and left issue, of whom we shall give account below ; second, Josceline de Percy, who died without issue j third, Robert de Percy, who was Lord of Sutton upon Darwent, and gave the ad- vowson of big -church there to the Monks of Whitby : (he is said to have assumed the name of Sutton, and to have left posterity so named;) fourth, Richard de Percy, who, although he was the youngest, yet, being a man of spirit, appears to have been the y Mon. Ang. I. p. 843. * Black Book of Exchequer, by Hearne. » Lib. RubtScacc. fol. 3,9, 11, i?. b Mon. Ang. passim, and other Books on that subject. c Litt. Ped- Roll. 4 see below e Litt. Ped. Roll Wynne's MS. f Litt. Ped. Roll. Wynne's MS. Harl. MSS. No. 6*2, (2,6) Wood's MSS. in Ashmol Museum. Oxon, 8465,(3 .) p 48. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 233 favourite of his family j for although his mother was living, to whom (after the death of her sister without issue) the whole in- heritance of her family of right belonged, he, by the King's ad- vice, and by his mother's permission, & entered into the whole purparty of his aunt the Countess Maud, and retained the same during of his life j which was the subject of long litigation with jhis nephew, William de Fercy, son of his eldest brother Henry ; who, at length, after his uncle's death, became possessed of the whole undivided inheritance of his family; although Richard left issue, which continued for two generations, as we shall see below. By the Lady Agnes, Josceline de Lovain had at least two daughters, first, Eleanor, and second, Adelicia, to whom he gave Hesset and Hameldon, with Winton Mills, belonging to Ha- meldon, between them ; as appears by his own deed still extant,h in which he styles himself " Jocelinus, frater Adelidis Regine." Either one of these, or some other daughter of Josceline and Agnes, was wife of John Davill (or D'Eyville) to whom Agnes, her mother, gave seven oxgangs of land at Catton, with the cottages there, on his marriage with her said daughter. * The other daughter was probably mother of Richard Malebis, whom the Lady Agnes expressly calls her grandson, k in her charter confirming his donation of two oxgangs in Litton, &c. (which she had before given him) to the church of Salley; and to whom Richard de Percy granted the patronage of Handale Nunnery. l Richard de Percy, (although by all the ancient writers he is called youngest) son of Josceline de Lovain and Agnes de Percy, got possession of all the purparty of his aunt Maud, Countess of Warwick, and even of a great part of that of his mother Agnes, and retained the same during the greatest part of his life : at length, after infinite litigation, it was compromised between him an4 his nephew William de Percy (son of his eldest brother Henry) to whom the inheritance belonged, after a solemn hear- ing before the King in person, at Kennington, July 6th, 1234 m (18 Hen. III.) that the estates should be divided in equal portions between them during Richard's life, and after his death all the ancient patrimony of the Percy family should devolve to his * Mon. Ang. I. p 847, and Great Percy Chartulary, fol. ult. Wynne's MS. Genealog. 4 ft Great Percy Chartulary, fol. 143, p. 2. » Ibid, fol 5. p. 2. k Ricardo Malebis nepqti nieo- Mon. Ang. I. p. 843. i Mon. Ang 1. p 428.. m Madox. Hist of Exche;. 1 234 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. nephew, a small reservation being made for Richard's son and heir, Henry de Percy. During his life, therefore, Richard de Percy was at the head of his family, and had all its baronial rights. He was one of the great Barons, who in 16 Joh. (1215) took up arms against the tyranny of King John : n and had a principal hand in extorting from that monarch the Great Charters of our liberties : being chosen one of the twenty-five guardians or conservators to see the Magna Charta duly observed. In consequence of this active zeal in the cause of liberty, he was excommunicated along with the other Barons by Pope Innocent III. December lfjth, 1215, (17 Joh.)"° reciting the cause, that they would dethrone the King for acknowledging the crown to belong to the see of Rome. In 18 Joh. when those high spirited Barons p had called over Lewis, son to Philip IT. King of France, with purpose to raise him to the royal throne, he, with Robert de Ross, and Peter de Brus (two eminent Barons of the north) subdued all Yorkshire, to the obedience of Lewis. The Lord Richard de Percy had two (if not more) wives j the first was a daughter of the Lord William de Braose of Gower, whom Dugdale names Joan, i and an old writer seems to have r3med Alicia j r by her he probably had his son and heir Henry de Percy. He after her death married Agnes de Neville, s who survived him many years, l being living in 1252, at which time she had married a second husband, John de Eyncourt. u Indeed, she appears to have lived down to 1288. x As for the Lord Richard de Percy, he died about 1244, and was buried in Foun- tains Abbey, -v leaving issue one son, named Henry de Percy, who no longer ranked among the Barons, as the greatest part of his father's possessions reverted to the true heir Lord William de Percy (son of Henry, mentioned below) j yet this Henry, son of Richard, continued to possess lands chiefly about Ergham and Settel in Yorkshire, z and obtained in 1249 (anno 33 Hen. III.) a grant of a market and fair to be held at Settel. a He appears * Carte's Hist. Rapin, Hume, &c. o Rynier's Fcedera, vol. i. p. 211, 212. f Mat. Parts, p. 256, and 285. 448>493» and Hume's Hist sub ann 1312. ■ This Lady was lineally descended from Queen Adelicia, sister of Josce- line de Lovain, before mentioned : * for Queen Adelicia married to her second Vid Vincent upon Brook, Tit- Arundel ,Tit DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 241 By her, who survived him, Henry de Percy had two sons * viz first, Henry, his eldest son and heir, who after him was second Lord of Alnwick ; second, William de Percy, who was made a Knight of the Bath in 20 Edw. II. and died in 1355. P I come now to Henry de Percy, second Lord Percy of Alnwick, who was eldest son and heir of the last mentioned Henry Lord Percy, by the Lady Eleanor Fitz Allan his wife. He was sixteen years of age pat. x Edw. IIL m. ^ 1 What follows is extracted from the original deeds preserved in the Great Chartulary of the Percy family, fol. 123, &c. k Ryraer, vol. i. p. 387 to 390. j Pat. 6 Edw. III. p. 2 m. 13. m Rymer's Foedera, vol iv. p 529. p Barnes's Hist, of Edw. III. p. 80. • MS. penes C. Fairfax, fol 09. a. p Ibid. <* Barnes's Hist of Edward III p. 82 r Rymer's Foedera, vol. v. p 202 » Ypod Neustr.p. 118. n zo DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 243 burnt Carlisle, f Penrith, and many other places ; but upon the advance of this Lord Percy, with the Lords Nevil and Lucy, they retired home. In 1316, 20 Edw. III. by the instigation of the French King Philip VI. the Scots invaded 'x England again, whilst King Ed- ward was at the siege of Calais: whereupon Lionel, the King's son, guardian of England, x ordered Nicholas de Cantilupe, and others, that were then marching against the Scots, to be obedient to the commands of this Henry Lord Percy, who was^ the chief in command of the northern Barons that gave them battle, on October 17th, at Nevill's Cross, z near Durham ; and having vanquished a the whole army, took David Bruce, their King, pri- soner. b In consideration0 of that signal service (the King being then absent) d he had an assignment e of 200 marks out of the aids then granted for the support of those wars. On December 10th, 1346, 20 Edw. III. r he had summons to attend parliament, to consult about means to put an end to the war. On January 26th, 1346-/, 21 Edw. III. by indenture at Lon- don, t between the King's son, Lionel Earl of Ulster, Guardian of the realm, and this Henry Lord Percy, he agreed to furnish 100 men at arms, and 100 archer* on horseback, at the accustomed pay in time of war, and to march with them to the assistance of Edward Baliol, King of Scots. Our historians relate, that early this year h King Edward Baliol, hoping to recover the kingdom of Scotland, entered therein by Carlisle, with an army of 20,000 men ; and the Lord Percy, with as many more by Berwick, into Lothian and Clidisdale, whence he brought great booty of goods and cattle, while Baliol ravaged alike in other parts : and both armies joining at Perth, the Scots made such humble instance, that they obtained a truce for one year, on paying 9,000 /. to Baliol, who was to reside in the castle of Lanerick; and the English lords, that could be spared, returned to King Edward, in his camp before Calais. By the French rolls, it ' appears, that Lord Percy was of Prince Edward's retinue in the wars of France this year. r Ypod. Neustr. p. 118. n. 20. ■ Tho. Wals. p. 157, n. 40. * Rymer, ib. 521. y Ypod. Neustr. p. 119,11 30. * Lei Coll. vol i. p. 675 a Tho. Wals. p. 157, n. 40. h Ibid. c Rot. Scot 21 Edw. HI. m. %. * Ibid. e Ibid. * Rymer,vol v- p. 535. Ibid. p. 545. ►> Barnes's History of Edw. HI. p. 400. 5 Rot. Franc. 21 Edw. III. m 23* 244 PEER/YGE OF ENGLAND. On January 27th, 1351-2, 26 Edw. III. be k was commis- sioned to see the Scotch (according to the treaty made with them) governed by the same, laws as they were in the time of Alexander King of Scotland. Also the same year, on the ' danger of an in- vasion then threatened from the French, he was constituted m one of the commissioners for arraying of men in the county of Northumberland. This noble Lord had summons to parliament among the Barons from 1322 to the time of his death, (which happened on February 26th, 1351-2, 26 Edw. III.) and was buried in the priory of Alnwick. By Idonea, his wife, daughter of Robert Lord Clifford, (who survived him to the year 1365 5 ) n he had issue as follows, viz. 1. Henry, his eldest son and heir, who was Hid Lord Percy of Alnwick* 2. Richard de Percy, Lord of Semar near Scarborough,0 who was summoned to parliament as a Baron, * in 14 Ed. III. (1340.) 3. Roger de Percy, to whom his father gave the manor of Stanerbotham in Craven, of which he was possessed in or before 1335. % 4. Robert de Percy 3 to whom his father assigned in 1335 cer- tain lands and rents in Thurstanby, Bnkeden, Windosom, and Dalton, near Topcliff, all in the county of York.1" 5. Thomas de Percy, who in the snme year, 1335, had from his father s certain assignments in Catton, Ronthewell, and Score- burgh, near Leckenfield. He was made Bishop of Norwich by the Pope, l though he was aged only twenty-two (according to historians) and was consecrated, January 3, 1354-5 (28 Edw. III.) He died at Blofield, August 8, 136g, and was buried in his own cathedral, which he had very munificently repaired after it had been blown down by a tempest 5 contributing 400 marks himself," and procuring the rest from his clergy. His will, which is very curious, is preserved in the Register of Archbishop Whytlesey at Lambeth, (fol. 105. b.) and is dated 25 May, 1368; the probat, 17 Nov. 1369. — Besides these five sons, who all occur in the Great Chartulary, the old genealogies mention another son, viz. k Rymer, vol. v. p. 734. 1 Rot. Franc. 26 Edw. 1 1 1, m. 5. m Ibid n Drake's Hist, of York, p. 284. • Great Percy Chartulary. fol 51. a. p Dugdale's Summons to Pari. 1 Great Chartulary, fol. 85. b. 1 Great Chartulary, fol. 83. b. fol 74. b. ■ Ibid, fol 83. b. fol. 78. b. ' Godwin de Prsesulib. " Ibid. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 245 6. William de Percy, to whom his father (they say) gave Kirk Levington in the 9th of King Edw. III. x and who married Alice, sister and heir of John Menyll of Castle Levington : y but he probably left no issue, nor did any of the younger sons of this lid Lord of Alnwick; otherwise some notice would have been taken of them in the will of their uncle, the Bishop of Norwich, which is very minute in this respect. The daughters of this second Lord Percy of Alnwick, by Idonea his wife, were, 1. Margaret, who in or before 132Q, x was married, 1st, To Robert de Umfraville, son and heir of Gilbert Earl of Angus; and 2dly, to William Lord Ferrers of Groby^a she was living, and wife of the latter, when her brother the Bishop made his will. 2. Isabel, wife of William, son and heir of William de Aton ; b she was dead when the Bishop made his will; but he leaves a legacy of a gilt cup to her son William de Aton;c besides whom she had three daughters: 3. Matilda, or Maud, who about 1334rt was married to Lord Neville of Raby, and who was living in 1368, when the Bishop made his will. 4. Eleanor, wife of John Lord Fitz- Walter, e who was dead in the said 1368, as she is not mentioned in her brother's will.1 Henry de Percy, Hid Lord Percy of Alnwick, was eldest son and heir of the Lord Henry de Percy, last mentioned, by Idonea de Clifford. Doing homage the same year his father died, 26 Edw. III. being then thirty years of age, he had livery of his lands, saving to Idonea his mother her reasonable dower. * In 1346, 20 Edw. III. (his father then living) he had been h in the great expedition then made into France, in which yeaj en- * Litt. Ped. Roll. > Edmondon & Collins, &c. 2 Great Chartulary, fol. 162. a. a Dudgd. Bar. *> Ibid. Great Chartulary, fol. 74. fol. 94. b- «= Dudgd. Bar. Art. Aton. d Great Chartulary, fol. 82- b. e Dudg Bar. f These four daughters are here arranged as they occur in the Bishop's will, and according to the order of their respective escutcheons, sculptured on the octagon towers, which form the entrance into the inner ward of Aln- wick Castle ; which towers were built by their father, the second Lord Percy of Alnwick, about the year 1350, and are ornamented with the following arms, viz. 1. Tyson; 2. Vescy; 3. Clifford; I4. Percy; <;. Bohun, (Earl of Northampton, who was made warden of the marches in 1350, and so conti- nued two years only) 6 Plantagenet; 7. England and France quarterly; 8, Warren; 9. Arundel; 10. Umfraville; it. Percy, (Isabel, the second daughter, being probably not yet married ;) 12. Neville; 13 Fitz- Walter. « Claus 26 Edw. Ill, m. 23. I Rot. Franc. 20 Edw. III. p. 1. m. 9. 24o PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. sued the famous battle of Cressey, on August 26. On March 28, 1352, 26 Edw. III. he i was commissioned, with the Bishop of Durham, to receive David de Bruce, King of Scotland, into their custody, on his return out of that kingdom, according to the oath he had taken. Also the same year he was constituted k one of the commissioners for guarding the marches against Scotland ; and1 was summoned to parliament among the Peers that year, as he was ever after during his life. In 27 Edw. Ill, (14 October) he was commissioned, with Ralph de Nevil, to treat with Elizabeth, wife of William Douglas, about the surrender of Hermitage-castle in Scotland, and setting at liberty the sons of the said William and Elizabeth. Also the next day,'" he was commissioned to treat with David de Bruce, and the Nobles of Scotlan !, at New- castle upon Tyne, about the discharge of the said Davi.l %k Bructt; and likewise" on June 14 following, on the same account, at the same place. On October 5, 1354, 28 Edw. Ill, he ° was com- missioned to receive from Sir John de Coupeland, Sheriff of Northumberland, the body of David Bruce, King of Scotland, and to set him at liberty, according to agreement made between him and others on the part of the King of England, for ^0,000 marks, payable in nine years. On January 20, 1356, 2p Edw. III. Ed- ward Baliol, nominal King of Scotland, did, at Rokesburgh, transfer his right and title in the crown of Scotland, to the King of England, his heirs and assigns, for ever,P in the presence of this Henry Lord Percy, and other Peers, who were witnesses thereto: As also0' all his right in the lordship of Galloway, and inheritance of Baliol, not annexed to the crown of Scotland. On March 25, 1356, 30 Edw. III. her was commissioned to treat with the Nobility of Scotland, about the delivery of David Bruce j and also about a truce. The same year he received command * to reside on his lands in the marches of Scotland, for the better de- fence of those parts; being1 with Ralph, Lord Nevil, constituted warden of those marches towards Northumberland. In 35 Edw. III. heu was again constituted one of the War- dens of the marches j and in 36 Edw. III. a commissioner to treat about a truce with David Bruce King of Scotland. ' Rymer, volv p 737. k Rot. Scoc. 26 Edw III. m 2, 1 Barnes's Hist, of Edw. Ill, p-47r. m Rymer, vol. v. p 761. ■ Ibid, p 787. o ibid p. 801. p p. 832. 'i Ibid d. 833. * Ibid p. 847. » Rot. Scoc 30 Edw. 1 1 1, m. 2. 1 Rot Scoc. >o Edw III. m.4. • Rot Scoc. 35 Edw. III. m 3. and Rymer, p, 375. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. ^ In 1365, 39 Edw. III. at the death of Idonea, his mother, he had livery »' of all those lands which she held in dower j and the same year received command* to repair unto his lands near the marches, in regard of some danger, at that time impending from the Scots. In 40 Edw. Ill he was again constituted a one ofthe commissioners for guarding the marches, and conserving the peace made with the Scots. Inb 41 Edw. III. by Indenture,0 dated at Rokesburgh, he was appointed, with Henry his son, Warden of the east marches,- also to supervise the state of the marches; and to treat with David King of Scotland, and his people, in order to some reparation of the damages done to the English by the subjects of that realm. This Henry married, 1st, Lady Mary Plantagenet, daughter to Henry Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, Leicester, Derby, &c. (second son of King Hen. III. who had to wife Blanche, daughter of Robert Comte d'Artois, brother of St. Louis IX. King of France.) This Lady Mary of Lancaster (so she was usually stiled) was married to Henry Lord Percy, at her father's castle of Tutbery in Staffordshire, A. D. 1334, when she was aged only fourteen ;d and dying 1 September, 1362, was buried in Alnwick Abbey; e leav- ing issue two sons, viz. 1. Henry, fourth Lord Percy of Alnwick, and first Earl of Northumberland, and 2. Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester, of whom below : as also, (according to some writers) f a daughter Isabel, wedded to Gilbert de Aton, junior, brother of William de Aton, before mentioned, who married Isabel her aunt.e By his second wife Joan, daughter and sole heir of John de Orbey of Lincolnshire, who also was a Baron temp. Edw. III. Henry, third Lord Percy of Alnwick, had issue11 one son, who died in his father's life-time ; and one daughter Mary, who was two years old at the death of her mother, anno 43, Edw. III. She' married John Lord Ros, of Hamelake, but died without issue in the eighteenth year of Richard II.1 (1395.) This Henry third Lord Percy of Alnwick, died on Thursday, 17 June, (being Ascension-day) 1368, aged forty-six, being then y Claus. 39 Edw. 1 1 1. m. 1 6. z Rot. Scoc. 39 Edw. 1 1 1 . m. 4. a Rot. Scoc. 40 Edw. III. m.i. Ibid. 41 Edw. III. m 5. c Rymer, vol, vi- P569. d Wynne's MS. Litt. Ped. Roll, &c. «= Chron. Alnwick Abbey. f Litt- Ped. Roll * MS. Collect, of Mr. Tho. Butler. h Chron. of Alnwick Abbey. Dugdale. 248 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. seised k of the manors of Lekingfield, Clethorp, Setil, Gigles* wick, NafFerton, Chatton, Wharram- Percy, Walton, parcel of the manor of SpofFord, Scarbotill in Craven, SpofFord, TopclifFe, Se- mar, Tadcaster, and Pokelington, in Yorkshire: of the manor and castle of Alnwick, with the appurtenances, in the county of Northumberland: as also of the manor of Rok; the castle and manor of Werkworth; the towns of Berling, Acklington, Routh- biry, East Wetton, Threpston, Snifter, Over-Botilston, Teggis- den ; the manors of Corbrigge, Newburne, Thrasterton, with the ham'ets of Botlaw, and Walbotill, and the fishing in the river of Tyne: and of the inheritance of Joan his wife, the manor of Toft juxta Witham, in Lincolnshire ; as also part of the manor of Old Bokeham, and hundred of Shropham (parcel of the barony of Tatshul) in Norfolk; and the manor of Cratefield in Suffolk. Joan, his second wife, had for her dowry1 the following lands and lordships assigned unto her, viz. The manor of Semar, and third part of the manors of Scarbotil, SpofFord, TopclifFe, and certain lands and tenements in Walton, Bukeden, and the city of York; as also two parts of the manor of Wharram Percy, in Yorkshire: the third part of the manor of Alnwick, with the third part of the mills of Nether-Carleton ; the third part of the manor and town of Denwick ; the manor and town of Lessebiry ; the manor and town of Great Houghton ; the manor and town of Chatton; the manor of Thrasterston ; the manor and town of Alnham, with the third part of the pasture called Swinleshelles; the manors of Werksworth, Routhbiry, Corbrigge, and Newburne, with its members; as also certain lands in Wollore: also thirteen pounds six shillings five-pence halfpenny rent, belonging to the ward of Alnwick-Castle; eight pounds yearly rent out of the manor of Beanley ; sixty-six shillings four-pence rent, out of the manor of South-Middleton, under Cheviot (all in the county of Northumberland;) eight marks yearly rent from the Prior of Sixhill, in Ludford; forty shillings yearly rent out of lands belonging to the priory of Thornton, in Outheby; and thirteen shillings four-pence yearly rent, issuing out of certain lands belonging to the priory of Elsham, in Outhenby, in the county of Lincoln; and likewise the third part of certain tenements in London. She m died the next year after, 43 Edw. III. 1369. * Esc. 4* Edw. 1 1 1, n. 48. 1 Clause Edw. III. mm ■ Esc, 43 Edw- III. n. 16. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 24g His two sons became very famous and eminent, and were both made Earls of the kingdom ; Henry, the eldest, Earl of Northum- berland; and Thomas, the youngest, Earl of Worcester; of whom I shall first treat. Thomas Percy (afterwards Earl of Worcester, but then styled Sir Thomas Percy, Knt.) was in 44 Edw. Ill (1370.) n with the Black Prince at Bergerath, to defend the frontiers against the French; and shortly after marched with the Duke of Lan- caster to Mountpaon, which was then rendered ° to him. In 46 Edw. III. he was Seneschal p of Lymosin ; and was taken i prisoner by the French ; but the year after had his en- largement, the castle of Lymosin being given up r for his redemp- tion. In 50 Edw. III. in consideration s of his good services, he had an annuity of 100 marks given him out of the Exchequer, during his life. Also for1 his services to the Black Prince, he bad a grant from him of 100 marks a year out of his Highness's Exchequer at Carnarvon. In 2 Rich. II. being made Admiral" of the northern seas,* with Sir Hugh Calveley, Knt. and meeting y with seven ships, and one man of war, laden with wine, he brought them all into Bristol, In that year also, he was sent into France, in aid of John Duke of Brittany; but having a great lossz by shipwreck, and other misfortunes, most of that fleet were lost,3 and the rest dispersed, himself hardly escaped: when being assailed b by a Spanish vessel, he acquitted himself so valiantly, that after a sharp fight of three hours, he boarded the Spaniard, and brought the ship safe to shore. And having pawned0 his prize for a hundred pounds, he set d out to sea again, towards the castle of Brest, whereof himself and Sir Hugh Calveley were Governors. At setting out on this expedition, he gave a very remarkable proof of his humanity and virtue in restraining the excesses of his soldiers and sailor*; while his brother commanders suffered the rest under their charge to n Froissard, p. 17. a. o Ibid. p. 175 a. ' Ibid. p. 182. b- Ibid. k Rot. Franc. 5 Rich. II. m 4. 1 Rymer's Fcedera, vol vii. p. 33z. m Rot. Franc 6 Rich. II. m. 25. ■ Anstis's Introduction to Regist. of the Garter, p. i©and 11. » Rot. Franc 7 Rich. II. m. 15. p Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii- p. 446. 1 Rot. Franc. 8 Rich. II. m. 12. r Claus. 8 Rich- II. m 27. • H Knighton, p 2676. n. 60. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 251 and eight thousand archers) sent into Spain, with John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, called King of Castile and Leon, in right of Constance his wife; and then going t to recover her inheritance. In 1391, be was sent, attended by two others, to conclude a nv.al peace with King Charles VI. of France, when, (as we are assured by Froissart) u u the daye before that they should depart out of Parrs, the Kyng came to the palais . . . pnd there he made a dinner to the Er.glysh Knightes, and caused Syr Thomas Percy to sytte at his borde, (i. e. at his own table) and called hym cosyn, by reason of the Northumberlande's bloud. At whych dyner there was geven to Syr Thomas Percy, and to the Englyshe Knyghtes and Squiers great gyftes and fayre jewels." Sir 1 nomas Percy, was by his mother lineally descended from King Louis VIII. of France j which the French Monarch did not fail to remember on this occasion. And meriting further favours, on Saturday, the feast of St. Michael, in 1397, 21 Rich. II. he was created x by Patent Eaiu of Worcester. In January following he was made Captain f of the town and castle of Calais, as also of the marches belonging thereto. In the last year of King Richard's reign, upon the landing of Henry Bolingbroke, when there was a general defection from that unfortunate monarch, the Eatl of Worcester (as Carte has proved) 7 shewed a real concern for the King's misfortunes, but seeing no remedy, broke his rod of office in the great hall of Flint Castle, and dissolved the household, of which he was Steward. After- ward when Bolingbroke assuming the government by the name of Henry IV. had, among other officers, constituted his second son, Thomas, (afterwards Duke of Clarence) High Steward of England, previous to his coronation, which was celebrated on October 13, 13pg, he nominated the Earl of Worcester deputy to the said Thomas, who was then only about ten years of age, and consequently not capable to determine the rights of those who might claim service at that solemnity. Henry, resolving to let the Pope (then Boniface IX.) and divers Christian Princes know, by what right and title he had attained the sovereignty, sent this r Froissard, p. 64. b. " Froissart's Chronicle in Eng. Tom. II. fol. z\$ chap. 175 Fr. Edit. Paris, 1574 vol. iv. chap. 24. p. 93. x Tho. Wals. p 39:. Rot, Pari. 21 Rich. II- n Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p. 3. rn 14. per Inspex y Rot. Franc 21 Rich. II. m. 6- z Carte's Hist Eng. vol. ii p 6^4. 252 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Earl, a with Walter Skirlaw, Bishop of Durham, his Ambassadors into France, to represent the same King Charles VI. He also made h him one of the Commissioners to treat with the Ambas- sadors of the said King of France, touching the sending back of Isabel his daughter (second wife to the deposed King Richard) with her jewels, whom Charles had required to be returned to him. Likewise, King Henry being advertised of the French at- tempts, and their covert designs, to foment the discontents of the Gascons, occasioned by the deposal of King Richard, sent this Earl of Worcester, with a goodly company of soldiers, into Guienne, to aid Sir Robert Knolles his lieutenant there 5 and to exhort and persuade the people to continue quiet, and in due alle- giance to the English crown. And this Earl, as my ' author saith,c so wisely entreated the Noblemen, and behaved so gently and familiarly to the common people, that he not only appeased their fury and malice, but brought them to a loving submission, receiving of them oaths of obedience, and legal fealty.' There- fore, on his return into England, he was received by the King honourably, and with great thanks. Soon after, Queen Isabel was sent over by the King, under the Earl of Worcester's con- duct, accompanied with many honourable and noble men and women. d He was the same year (1 Hen. IV.) one of the com- missioners for ratifying e that truce, which had been made be- twixt both realms in King Richard's time ; and the King consti- tuted him Steward f of his household, as he had been to King Richard. In 3 Hen. IV. he was made s the King's Lieutenant through- out all North- Wales, and South -Wales, for resistance of Owen Glendour, then in arms. But the next year, 1403, notwith- standing all this trust and favour from King Henry, he in his heart commiserated the unfortunate state of his old master: and considering the many benefits and high esteem he had from King Richard, and the duty he owed to his lawful heir, Edmund Mor- timer Earl of March, he deserted h the Prince's household (which the King had specially committed to his trust) fled ' to bis bro- ther the Earl of Northumberland j and combining with him, ■ Tho. WaU. p. 400 n. 40. b Rot. Franc. 1 Hen. IV. m. 3. f Hall's Chron fol 15 b. «• Ibid fol- 16. a. ■ Rot. Franc 1 Hen. IV. m.4. '.Pat Hen. IV. pa m. 14. * Pat 3 Hen- IV. m. 7. h Tho. Wals p. 407. n.30. » Ibid p 408 n. 10. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 253 joined with his Nephew, Henry Percy, commonly called Hot- spur, then in arms. Being seit by him, on July 22, to the King* he is said to have received very ample concessions ; but doubting the King's sincerity, he represented matters so, that his Nephew was more exasperated, if possible, than before. A battle immediately ensued, and Hotspur, after performing surprising feats of valour, lost his life, with a great number of his followers, as shall be more fully shewn hereafter. The Earl of Worcester was taken prisoner, and soon after was beheaded at Shrewsbury, near which place the battle had been fought. Thereupon, the King sent a precept to the sheriff of London, k to receive his head, from such person as shall bring it to him, and to fix it upon London-bridge. He died without issue, having never been mar- ried; and left a monument of his greatness in the tine castle at Wressil in Yorkshire, which was built by him, ' and is now pos- sessed by the Earl of Egremont. He is also commemorated an- nually at Cambridge, among the benefactors to the university library. Let us now return to his eldest brother. Henry Percy, fourth Lord of Alnwick, (first Earl of Nor- thumberland) was aged twenty-six at his father's death in 136'8: but in his father's life he had already distinguished himself; for in 33 Edw. III. (1359.) ne wa» m in that expedition then made into France: likewise in n 37 Edw. III. At his father's decease, in 1368, 42 Edw. III. doing his homage, he had ° livery of his lands; and also within the compass of that year, was P at Calais with King Edward, when he made peace with the French. He was likewise sent, 4 with three hundred men, and a thousand archers, into Poictou, to the relief of the marches there: and was constituted r one of the wardens of the marches towards Scotland. In 43 Edw. III. he was s again in the wars of France; having then in his retinue * sixty men at arms (whereof himself and twelve Knights were part of the number) forty-seven Esquires, and a hundred archers on horseback; and was sent,u with others, to take care of the town of Abbeville. k Rymer's Foedera, vol. v ii. p. 321. 1 Lei. Itin. vol. i fol. 59 ™ Rot. Vascon. 33 Edw. Ill- p. i.m. 16. «> Pat. 37. Edw. Ill p. 2, 26. 0 Rot, Fin. 42 Edw. III. m 5. »• Froissard, fol 146. b. and the heirs male of his body, should bear the arms of Percy, viz. <( Or, a Lion rampant, Azure," quarterly, with the arms of Lucy, viz. <( Gules, three Lucies, Argent," in all shields, banners, ensigns, and coats of arms, whatsoever, where and whensoever there should be occasion of bearing, and shewing forth their own paternal arms. It was further stipulated, in case the said Henry Lord Percy should depart this life without issue male, that then Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. (brother to the Earl, and uncle to the said Henry) and the heirs male of his body, should enjoy the same castle, honour, &c. upon the like condition; and in default of such issue, ,Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. second son to the said Earl, and the heirs male of his body; with remainder to Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. third son to the said Earl, and the heirs male of bis p ?• Wals. p. 3 36. i Ibid, p 337. n. 10. & 20 ' Ibid p. 337. n. 40. , ibid p. 346. n. 40. 1 Claus 1 2 Rich. 1 1 p 2 m 2. „ Monast. Angl vol ii. p. 97" a. n 60, "Clays ut supra. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 257 body: but in case these conditions should not be performed, then to remain to the right heirs of the said Maud. The agreement was made in the presence of the King, and by his special com- mand, as the record shews. In the beginning of 1398, 21 Rich. II. he was one of the twelve Peers, whom, in conjunction with six Commoners, the parliament invested with the power of both houses, for the more speedy dispatch of business. But about the end of April, 1399, the King having suspicions instilled into him in prejudice of the Earl of Northumberland, and being told that his Lordship, and his son Henry (commonly called Hotspur) had spoken some words in derogation of him, he sent for the Earl out of the North j who neglecting to come, was proclaimed a traitor, and banished the realm. Our historians relate, That King Richard, going into Ireland, sent a pursuivant to the Earl of Northumberland, to attend him with all the forces he could get together. Thereunto the Earl returned answer, ■ That it was not safe to draw away the strength of the north to go against the Irish, whom a less force than what the King had with him was enough to subdue ; and those countries would, by withdrawing the men, be exposed to the injuries of the Scottish borderers, who waited all opportu- nities, as the King well knew, to make their advantages of Eng- land j and were no longer friends than till they had a fair occasion to shew their enmity, with gain to themselves : that since there was no guard appointed in his absence, he hoped the King would be better advised than to require his attendance, which would be a greater advantage to him at home than his service could profit him abroad.' This modest answer made no impression on the King, who had information given him that he was contriving an insurrection in his absence] it being insinuated, that by his no£ complying with his command he was guilty of the accusation , Therefore the King confiscated his estate, and proclaimed him and his associates traitors, and so departed into Ireland. Such cruel and arbitrary treatment shown to a nobleman of his high spirit, and so long distinguished for his public services, no doubt excited him to take a very active and leading part in the revolution which followed; and he, together with his martial son Hotspur, had so eminent a hand in fixing the crown, (which King Richard had, by his own arbitrary conduct, in a great mea- sure thrust off his head) on the banished Bolingbroke, that in Fordun's Scoti-Chronicon, this revolution is called the Conspiracy of the Three Henries : i. e. of Henry Duke of Lancaster; Henry VOL. II. S 258 PEERAGE OF ENGLANB. Earl of Northumberland, and Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hot- spur.— However, the Earl of Northumberland himself always de- clared (as we are assured by Harding the historian, who was then his servant) f that be was deceived by Bolingbroke's oaths and protestations, that he had no intention to depose King Richard : and when the Earl was sent to Conway Castle to persuade Richard to go with him to Bolingbroke, then at Flint, a person,2 who was present, assures us, that Northumberland did not scruple to tell the King of the errors of his government ; but entered into a most solemn engagement, that the differences between him and Boling- broke, &c. should be settled in parliament 5 and till the same should be called, undertook for the safety of his person. In all which, the Earl might deal very sincerely, a as he afterwards pro- fessed in the most solemn manner. In the parliament, which was afterwards assembled, King Richard was deposed, and the Duke of Lancaster declared King, by the name of Henry IV. Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury, having read the duties of a King, signed him with the sign of the cross, and the King kissed the Archbishop. The Earl of Northumberland, as Constable of England, taking the ring, with which the Kings were wedded to the realm, shewed it to the whole assembly, and then put it on the King's finger, and the King kissed the Constable. The Duke of Lancaster, being then proclaimed King, by the name of Henry IV. acknowledging b the extraordinary merits and services of this Earl, advanced c him to that great office of Con- stable of England, to hold for term of life, and to exercise the same by himself, or such his sufficient deputy, as he would answer for. Next he gave d him and his heirs the Isle of Man, to e hold by carrying the sword which he wore at his landing in Holder- nesse, called Lancaster- sword (by themselves, or a sufficient and * See a curious Account and Vindication of this Earl's Conduct, which has never been printed, inserted in a MS copy of Harding's Chronicle in the British Museum, at the end of his 196th chapter. * The author of a very curious MS. account in French of this whole trans- action, which is preserved among the Harl.MSS. No. 1319, of which some curious extracts are given in Strutt's Regal Antiquities, p. 16, &c. 4to. » Seethe above Narratives, which are very different from Carte's, and the printed histories. b Pat. 1 Hen IV. p. 1. m. 15. andRymer's Fcedera, vol.vhi. p. 89. c Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p 1. m. 15. and Rymer's Fcedera, vol. viii. p. 89. * Pat 1 Hen. IV. p. 5. m.35. Tho. Wals. p. 400. Pat. 7 Hen IV. p. *. m. 18 per Inspex. e ibid. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 2bQ honourable deputy) at the coronation of him, the said King Henry, and the succeeding Kings of England, on their left hands. Then he made him justice f of Chester ; and, after that, Con- stable 8 of the Castles of Chester, Conway, Flint, and Caernarvon ; and moreover,11 General-Warden of the west-marches towards Scotland j as also Governor ' of the town and castle of Carlisle. Likewise, in 1 Hen. IV. Charles VI. King of France, upon the murder of King Richard II. in Pontefract Castle, wanting to have his daughter Isabel to her native country, sent a solemn embassy into England for that end; when the King gave them for answer, he would send to Calais Commissioners to treat about it j and thereupon this Earl was sent k into the country of Guisnes on that business. In 1402, 3 Hen. IV.1 the Scots under Patrick Hepburn the Younger, having invaded England, and ravaged the borders, were in their return met with and routed, at Nesbet, on June 22, by George Earl of Dunbar and March, (who had left his country in disgust;) and some historians add, that the Earl of Northumberland and Hot- spur assisted in that defeat. ■ However that be, they gained a still more brilliant victory in the following autumn, when Archibald Earl of Douglas, to revenge their disasters, entered England with an army of 12,000 men about the middle of August, and having destroyed and plundered all the country as far as Newcastle, were intercepted by the Earl of Northumberland and his son, n on his return, at Homildon, near Woller in Northumberland, on Sept. 14; when they obtained a signal victory, wherein Douglas lost an eye, and was made prisoner, with several other persons of distinc- tion. Thereupon the King ordered this Earl, Warden of the west marches towards Scotland, ° not to set them at liberty for any ransom. In 4 Hen. IV. the King granted to him p and his heirs for his good services in time past, and especially for his laudable conduct in the late expedition against the Scots (when they were invading this kingdom) the whole county of Douglas ; the vales of Esse- dale, Lydesdale, and Lawaterdale [Lawderdale] ; the lordship of Selkirk, and forest of Eteryk, late the possessions of William, James, and Archibald Douglas; and all the lordships and lands, f Pat. i Hen. IV". p. i. m. 8. e Ibid m. 16. h Rot. Scoc. i Hen. IV. m. 13. i Ibid m. 14. k Hall's Chron. fol. 16. ■ Tho. Wals. p. 40?. n. 40 p. 406. n. 10. m ibid. n Ridpath's Border Hist. p. 370, 1. • Rymer's Fcedera, vol. viii. p. 178. p Ibid. p.z8 Harding's Chron. Escaet u Hen. VI. p Sandford's Geneal. Hist. p. in. Ed. 1707. 1 Escaet. 18 Hen- VI. « Vincent upon Brooke ubi supra. » Rot. Scoc 14 Rich II. m 2. t Pat. 18 Rich. II. p 1 m. 16. u Collins's 1st Edit. * Vincent libi supra- Vincent upon Brooke, &c. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 267 born May 20, 1364; z and very early displayed those martial talents which had consecrated his name in history, as one of the greatest chieftains of this nation. Having received knighthood on July 16, 13/7, a a* the coro- nation of King Richard II. when his father was created Earl of Northumberland ; this young hero is said to have t( first spread his banner" under his father at the storming of Berwick, in 2 Rich. II. when he was only fourteen, " doing so valiantlie, that he deserved singular commendation." b From that time he so continually exerted himself against the enemies of his country^ that from the furious heat of his incursions, the Scots called him Hotspur; c and by a very unusual confirmation, his own friends and countrymen adopted the appellation, and made it their own. He was, indeed, what an old historian d says of him, the pattern of all virtue and martial prowess. In 7 Rich. II. hee was in commission with his father to re- ceive from Robert Stuart King of Scotland, 24,000 English marks for the balance due of King David Bruce's ransom : and in 8 Richard II. was constituted f one of the commissioners for guarding the marches towards Scotland. In Q Rich. II. he * was constituted Governor of Berwick, and Warden of the marches toward Scotland. Having rendered him- self truly famous for his military skill and valour, he was, before the end of that year, sent to Calais, on intelligence that Charles VI. King of France had a purpose to besiege it: and having staid there some time,11 without any action, grew so impatient, that he made several excursions into Picardy, and the parts adjacent, whence he brought much booty. After that, seeing no likelihood of any siege there, he returned back into England. In 11 Rich. II. having been1 elected Knight of the Gar- ter, the King, in order to his attendance on him at the feast of St. George, caused to be delivered to him out of his wardrobe, a surcoat of white cloth; and bestowed the like on twenty-one other Knights of the Garter; among whom were the Earl of Northumberland, and Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, afterwards Earl of Worcester. But that year, there being those at court who z Collectanea Tho. Butler, Arm. * Dug. Bar. b Holingshed, Ed. 2 p. 421. c Knighton, Col. 2696. 41 Walsingh. p. 350. e Rymer, vol vii. p. 415 ' Rot. Scoc. 8 Rich. II m. 9. e Ibid. 9 Rich. II. m 6. h Ibid, p 350. n 20 & 30. Et Ypod Neust- p. 143 m. 40. 1 Anstis's Regist. of the Garter, Introduc vol. ii. p- 1 1, 12. 268 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. envied the fame he had gained by his valour against the Scots, caused k the King to send him to sea, there to repel the French, who threatened an invasion : which service he readily l under- took, and returned with much honour. In 1388, 12 Rich. II. a party of Scots, under James second Earl of Douglas, m invaded the east marches of England, and con- tinued their depredations almost without resistance, until they were attacked by this gallant Lord Percy, at Otterbourne near Elsdon in Northumberland. Of this rencounter, (of which Froissartn has left a very mi- nute relation, too long to be here inserted) we shall prefer the more contracted account inserted by Carte in his history, with the remarks thereon, given in the introduction to, the curious old Historical Ballad on this subject, printed in the Reliciues of ancient English Poetry,0 viz. - " The Scots taking advantage of the confusion of this nation, and falling with a party into the west marches, ravaged the country about Carlisle, and carried off three hundred pri- soners. It was with a much greater force, headed by some of the principal nobility, that in the beginning of August, they in- vaded Northumberland : and having wasted part of the county of Durham, advanced to the gates of Newcastle; where, in a skir- mish, they took a penon, or colours, belonging to Henry Lord Percy, surnamed Hotspur, son to the Earl of Northumberland. In their retreat home, they attacked the castle of [Eldon, near] Otterbourn: and in the evening of August Q (as the English writers say, or rather, according to Froissart, August 15) after an unsuccessful assault were surprised in their camp, which was very strong, by Henry, who at the first onset put them into a good deal of confusion. But James Earl of Douglas rallying his men, there ensued one of the best fought actions that happened in that age; both armies shewed the utmost bravery: the Earl of Douglas himself being slain on the spot; the Earl of Murray mortally wounded; and Hotspur, with his brother Ralph Percy, taken prisoners. These disasters on both sides have given occa- sion to the event of the engagement's being disputed; Froissart (who derives bis relation from a Scotch Knight, two gentlemen k Tho. Wals. p. 357. Rot. Franc, n Rich. II. m. 21. ' Ibid. ™ Tho. Wals. p. 366. n. 3c & 40. H. Knighton, p. 27*8. n. 50 & 60. Ypod, Neust. p. 149. n 30, '• Chron. fol. 150. b. 0 Third Edit. 1775, vol. i. p. 18. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 26cj of the same country, and as many of Foix) affirming that the Scots remained masters of the field ; and the English writers in- sinuating the contrary. These last maintain that the English had the better of the day : but night coming on, some of the northern Lords, coming with the Bishop of Durham to their assistance, killed many of them by mistake, supposing them to be Scots ; and the Earl of Dunbar at the same time falling on another side upon Hotspur, took him and his brother prisoners, and carried them off while both parties were lighting. It is at least certain, that immediately after this battle, the Scots engaged in it made the best of their way home: and the same party was taken by the other corps about Carlisle." The Editor of the Reliques, &c. suspects this account as partial, and prefers Froissart's narra- tive, which ascribes the advantage to the Scots. He likewise takes notice, that Froissart says, that both the parties of Scots, mentioned by Carte, entered England at the same time, but the greater part by the way of Carlisle: and that the English, at the battle of Otterbourne, greatly exceeded the Scots in number; but that the latter had the advantage of the ground, and were also fresh from sleep, while their antagonists were greatly fatigued with their very long previous march. He also remarks, the Froissart says he had his information from two Squires of Eng- land, and from a Knight and a Squire of Scotland ; and obs rves, that this Henry Lord Percy was (after a very sharp conflict) taken by John Lord Montgomery, whose son, Sir Hugh, was killed in the action. ° Sir Henry Percy's captivity in Scotland was but of short con- tinuance; for he paid such a ransom to Montgomery, that the latter built therewith his castle at Punoon, which was taken down but very lately, and of which some small ruins still remain. It may be proper here to add, that the very ancient and respect- able family of Douglas of Cavers heretofore hereditary Sheriffs of Tiviotdale) have in their possession an old silken flag or banner, which they believe to have been Hotspur's penon, above-men- tioned : but we have been informed, by a person who was ad- mitted by the present most hospitable and worthy proprietor to inspect it that it appeared to him to be no other than an ancient standard of the Earls of Douglas themselves: for it is inscribed with their own motto 3fanwi0 cTrrp[ere]; p (which is only obsolete spelling for Jamais Arriere); and it is adorned with their own 0 See also Scott's Border Minstrelsy, I 57- p These three letters haye been effaced by time and wear. 2;o PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. insignia, viz. the Bloody Heart, &c« It is true, there is also a White Lion introduced, which, if it has relation to any badge of the Percys, may have been inserted in defiance of that family, as if this trophy was wrested from them, according to the fantastic laws of chivalry. Sir Henry Percy, after his redemption, was again constituted i Warden of the east marches, in 12 Rich. II. and signed, among other great men, ! that letter, dated May 26, sent to Pope Urban VI. concerning the exorbitances and incroachments of the apostolical see. Being again at Calais, he made several excursions s towards Boulogne; and from thence went1 to Brest in Brittany, where he first raised u the siege of that place, and after won two bastiles there; one of timber, which he demolished, and another of stone, which he better fortified. Also the same year, 1389, ne was madex General Warden of the west marches, and soon after y of the east marches; and Governor of Carlisle. He was likewise, that year, retained z to serve the King, both in times of peace and war, from January 2, during his whole life 3 for which he had a grant a of 100/. per annum out of the Exchequer. In 16 Rich. IL heb was constiiuted Governor of Bourdeaux; and being c recalled from Calais, was again made Warden of the east marches ; d as also Governor of Berwick. Likewise the same year, on May 6, the King appointed him Judge of a tilt- ing,e that was to be at Carlisle, on June 21, between Richard de Redemane, and William de Haliburton a Scotchman. In 17 Rich. II. he f was one of the Commissioners to treat about a peace : also in 18 Rich. II. was again 3 commissioned to treat with Robert III. King of Scotland, about a peace; and a truce was at last concluded for four years. In 1396, 20 Rich. II. he wenth with the King into France; at which time there was a most splendid and chargeable * inter- view, in October, between him and Charles VI. King of France, in the parts of Calais and Guisnes; King Richard, on the 3 1st of that month, espousing the Princess Isabel, daughter of the said King of France, in St. Nicholas's church at Calais. 1 Rot. Scoc. 12 Rich. II. m. 5. r Rymer's Fcedera, vol. vii. p. 672, 674. » H. Knighton, p. 7678. n- 30. « Ibid. p. 2696 n- 10. & 20. u H. Knighton, p. 2696. n. 10. & 20. * Rot. Scoc. 13. Rich. 10. m. 1 r Ibid. m.2. ■ Pat. 14 Rich. II. p 2. m. 38 per Inspex. • Ibid b Wals. p. 389. n 10. * Ypod. Neust. p. 132. d Rot. Scoc. 16 Rich. II. m. 2. « Rymer, vol. vii. p. 745. f Rot. Scoc. 17 Rich II. m. 3. t Rymer, vol. vii. p. 786, 793. h Rot. Franc. 19 Rich. II. m. 14. * Speed's Chron. p. 618. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 27 1 In July, 1399, 23 Rich- EL being k General Warden of the east marches, he and his father1 met Henry Duke of Lancaster at his landing in Holdernesse; and was assisting in the dc-posal of King Richard, and placing the crown on the Duke of Lan- caster, by the stile of King Henry IV. At which time Hotspur is, by a foreigner, who has left an account of that whole trans- action, said to have been esteemed the most valiant and approved Knight in England."1 This Sir Henry Percy, having, with his father (the Earl of Northumberland) been the chief that settled the crown on that Prince, was in the first year of his reign constituted n Warden of the west marches, Sheriff0 of Northumberland, Governor p of the town of Berwick, and castle of Rokesburgh, Justice ^ of Chester, North-Wales, and Flintshire. He also had a grant '' of the castle and lordship of Bamburgh, with the fee-farm of that town, for term of life. He was likewise s made Constable of the castles of Chester, Flint, Conway, and Caernarvon} and Sheriff of Flint- shire for life; and obtained a grant1 of the whole county, and dominion of Anglesey: as also of the castle of Beaumarys, with the manors, lands, fee-farms, and rents thereto belonging ; to hold also for term of his life. In 3 Hen. IV. u he was with his father in the memorable battle with the Scots at Homildon, where the English obtained the victory before-mentioned, which is ascribed by our historians x to the courage of Hotspur, and his archers. But soon after the scene was changed ; for this stout -v and high-spirited Lord, through the solicitation of his uncle Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester, conspiring against King Henry, came to a fatal end, as before recited. It is said by Leland,2 that he raised a great part of his army in the marches towards Scotland, under colour of advancing into that realm; and that all his sol- diers wore. King Richard IPs cognizance, viz. an Hart: and that Hotspur, hearing of the King's approach to Shrewsbury, though inferior in numbers, resolved to fight, saying to his soldiers, " Stand to it valiantly; for this day will either advance us all, if k Rot, Scoc. 23 Rich. II. m. 5. ! Wals. p. 395. n.30. ■ Harl. MSS. 13 19, 68. b. n Rot Scoc- 1 Hen. IV. m.14. o Rot. Fin. 1 Hen. IV.m.31. p Rot Scoc. ut supra. 1 Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p. 1. m. 8. r Ibid, m. 12. » Ibid. p. 4. m. 6. * Pat. 1 Hen. IV. p. 1. m. 7. ■ Tho. Wals. p 405. n.40. * Speed, p. 628. Stow, Sec r Wals. p. 407. * Lei Col. vol.i p. 388. • Ibid. 273 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. we conquer, or free us from the King's power, if we be over- come; it being more honourable to fall in battle for the public good, than after the fight to die by the sentence of an enemy." In these sentiments all his army b (which was to the number of fourteen thousand choice men, who had resolved to live and die with him) cheerfully concurred. Both sides being thus prepared, c the Abbot of Shrewsbury, and Clerk of the privy seal, were sent by the King to offer pardon to this stout Lord, in case he would lay down his arms. Thereupon he sent d his uncle Thomas Percy Earl of Worcester (as is commonly believed) to the King, to let him know the cause of their hostile appearance, and to require effectual satisfaction. But that Earl is reported, by misrepresenting the King's expres- sions, to have exasperated his nephew ; so that the battle forth- with began, and was fought e with extraordinary courage on both sides j insomuch as, great slaughter ensuing, many of King Henry's partizans forsook f the field, supposing he was slain, as divers persons, armed like him, had been; for both Hotspur him- self, 8 and the before-mentioned Archibald Earl of Douglas, bad bent their principal aim at the person of King Henry, with their swords and lances furiously making towards him. Those circumstances being discerned11 by the aforesaid Earl of March and Dunbar, he withdrew the King from his station, whereby his life was then saved; for they slew his Standard- bearer, and those who were with it; and missing the King, most desperately charged into the midst of their enemies, where Hot- spur, the best Captain * among the King's adversaries, suddenly fell, although by what hand was never known. His death im- mediately occasioned an utter rout of his whole party; in which the Earl of Douglas was taken ; and likewise the Earl of Wor- cester, which last was beheaded. This courageous nobleman, Henry Lord Percy, then called only Sir Henry Percy, Knight, (surnamed Hotstur) k married Elizabeth, daughter ' to Edmund Mortimer Earl of March, by Philippa m his wife, only daughter and heir of Lionel Plantagenet Duke of Clarence, second surviving son of King Edward III. •» Lei. Coll. vol I p. 388. c Ibid. d Ibid. « Tho. Wals- p. 409. n. 30. ' Ibid. e Ibid. * Tho. Wals. p. 409. n. 30. •, Hall's Chron. fol. ai. k Descent of Nobility, by Henry Chiting, Lancaster Herald, MSS- Monast. Angl. vol, ii- p a*8. a. n. 30. m Jekyl's Barones Extincti. MS. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 273 And by her left an only son, Henry, afterwards second Earl of Northumberland 3 and one daughter, Elizabeth, first n married to John Lord Clifford, and after his death to° Ralph Nevil, se- cond Earl of Westmoreland, of that family. On October 8, 1403, 5 Hen. IV. the King ordered the said Elizabeth, wife of Sir Henry Percy, deceased, to be arrested, and brought before him, p to answer such questions as should be de- manded of her by the said King. This great Lady, who was born at Uskc, J 2 February, 13/ 1 , *i is said to have married to her second husband Thomas Lord Camoisr who figured in the wars of France in the third and fourth years of King Henry V. s She was living in 5 Henry V. when she had livery of the manor of Newburn, settled upon her for term of life by the first Earl of Northumberland, l her late husband's father. Henry Percy, second Earl of Northumberland, (son of Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, who died before his father, the first Earl) was born Feb. 3, 13Q3. • He, after his father's death, was carried by his grandfather into Scotland about the year 1405, and was at first placed along with the Prince (after- wards King James I.) in the university of St. Andrew's, then newly founded. x Afterwards, when the Prince in his passage to France fell into the hands of the English, this young heir of the Percy family still continued to receive his education at St. An- drews; and after the death of his grandfather, and the confiscation of all his patrimony, (which was granted to Prince John, after- wards Duke of Bedford) he continued under the protection of the Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland; and is said to have experienced so much kindness and hospitality there during his nonage, that he ever afterwards shewed himself extremely favour- able and grateful to the Scottish nation, t In this state of exile he continued till the reign of that gene- rous and heroic Prince King Henry V. who, soon after his acces- sion to the crown, was inclined to restore him to all the honours and patrimony of his ancestors; being moved not only with com- passion z for the hapless estate of this young nobleman, and by n Ex Autog. in Castro de Skipton- • MS. penes W. Pierpoint. Rot Pip. 5 Hen. VI Westm, p Rymer, vol. viii. p. 334 1 Mon. Ang. r Excaet. 9 H- <;. s Le Neve's MS. penes Tho Astle Arm. * Dudg. Bar Claus. 5 H V p. 2. m. 9. u Cavell's Ped Roll. x Fordun Scoti-Chronicon. r Ibid. z Walsingham Hist. VOL. II. T 2/4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. their being both descended from common ancestors, but also in- fluenced by the intercessions of his aunt Joan, Countess of West- moreland, whose daughter, the Lady Eleanor Neville, young Percy had married, (as an old writer a expresses it) " in coming into England." This countenances the story of this young noble- man, as given in the poem intitled, The Hermit of Wark- worth j b allowing only for a few poetic liberties: for whereas he is there represented to have married this young Lady in the chapel of the Hermitage j it is upon record, that wherever they were contracted, their marriage was indeed celebrated at Berwick upon Tweed. c It appears by Cotton's Abridgment of the Rolls of Parliament, p. 540, that this young Earl presented a petition in the parliament held Nov. 11,2 Hen. V. 141 4, setting forth, f That being within age, and prisoner in Scotland, the King had enabled him to be Earl of Northumberland, notwithstanding any the forfeiture of Henry his father, or Henry his grandfather ; he therefore prayeth a general restitution to them in blood, and to all their heredi- taments, which were entailed} with free entry into all the same; saving to the King all the lands in fee simple. Thereupon the King granted all to the same ; so as he, the said Henry, before his entry into any of the said lands, do first, by matter of record, prove in the chancery, the lands entailed ; saving as before." In 3 Hen. V. the King d sent the Lord Grey of Codnor, and Sir John Neville, to bring him out of Scotland into England. And in the parliament holden at Westminster, March lf3, in that year, e he did his homage to the King, sitting in his chair of state, before the Bishops, Lords, and Commons j in such wise a* other Peers do. The same year, the King, in regard that his brother, John Duke of Bedford, had possession of his whole inhe- ritance/ gave unto that Duke, in recompence thereof, an annuity of 3000 marks j one thousand to be paid out of his Exchequer, and the other two out of his receipt of his dutchy of Cornwall t until he should settle other lands upon hirn> and his heirs, of an equivalent value. In 1416, 4 Hen. V.I he sat in the parliament holden at West- minster, on October 19, as Earl of Northumberland 1 and the • Harl. MSS. No. 69. (26) Antiq. Repository, It p. no. b London, 4to, 1773, 3d Edit. c Litt. Ped. Roll Peeris Metrical Hist. MS. a Pat 3 Hen. V. p. 2. m. 6. e Cotton, p. 54$. •' Pat. 3 Hen. V. p. 2. m. 27. « Cotton, p. 549. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 2/5 same year, was b constituted General Warden of the marches to- wards Scotland ; and was ' also retained to serve the King in his expedition that year into France. Likewise before the end of the year, he was, on Dec. 8, 14 1 6, 4 Hen. V. k commissioned to receive sufficient security for the return of James I. King of Scotland into England ; or on failure thereof, for the payment of 100,000 marks, according to certain indentures, made between the King and the said King James. He was also impowered l to grant letters of safe-conduct to such persons as should come to the same King James. On June 7, 14J7, 5 Hen. V. being thenm Warden of the east marches towards Scotland, he was commissioned to treat with the Scots about a truce; and afterwards, the same year," was again in the wars of France with the King; who, about the end of July, took ship at Portsmouth,0 and landing in Normandy, con-» quered the greatest part of that province. In 1418, rj Hen.V* he continued in the wars of France, p On April /, 1421, the King signified to this Earl,** and to Ralph Neville Earl of Westmoreland, that he was preparing to go into Normandy, and other parts of France; and in confidence of their loyalty and care, commissioned them to summon such per, sons as they should think proper, in the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire, and to treat with them about a loan of money, to be paid before the first of May. Likewise, in consideration of his special services, he had by privy seal, dated June 3, 1421, g Hen. V. a grant of the government of the town of Berwick upon Tweed, as also of the Wardenship of the east marches to- wards Scotland, for two years, from the 11th of April last past; with an annual stipend of 5,000/. in time of war, and 2,500/. in time peace. But before the expiration of that term, ther King died at Bois le Vincens, on August 31, 1422. On February 14, 1423-4, he* was commissioned to treat with the same James King of Scotland, or his Commissioners about a truce; which was concluded at Durham (to hold for seven years, from March 28, 1424, 2 Hen. VI.) and the Earl of Northumber- land was one of the Conservators thereof, with the Duke of Glou- cester, aforesaid, the Protector: and by commission, dated the Rot Scoc. 4 Hen V. m. 8. ■ Ex Autog penes Cleric Pell. k Rymer, vol.ix. p 417. » Ibid, p.418. tt Rot Franc 5 Hen V. m 13. a Rymer, p. 458. • Hall's Chron. fol.55, & seq. P Rymer, p. 595. Ibid, vol x. p. 96. * Ibid. p. 253. s Rymer, p 329, & seq. 276 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. same day, March 28, he f was impowered to conduct the King of Scotland from Durham into his own kingdom. In 3 Hen. VI. he, for the better" confirmation of the dignity of Earl of Northumberland, obtained a charter of creation there- unto, with the yearly fee of 20/. " Nomine Comitis," out of the profits of that county. In 12 Hen. VI. hex obtained licence of the King to environ the town of Alnwick with an imbattled wall of stone, and to erect such defensible turrets thereon, as he should judge most expedient. In 1436, according to Hector Boethius, was fought the battle of Pepperden, not far from the Cheviot Hills, between the Earl of Northumberland and Earl William Douglas of Angus, with a small army of about four thousand men each, in which the latter had the advantage: as this seems to have been a private conflict between these two great Chieftains of the borders, rather than a national war, it has been thought to have given rise to the cele- brated old Ballad of Chevy Chace; which, to render it more pa- thetic and interesting, has been heightened with tragical incidents wholly fictitious, y In the 21 Hen. VI. (1443.) this Earl gave the advowson of the Rectory of ArnclifTe in Craven z in the county of York, (with leave to impropriate the same) and three acres of land there, to the Master and Fellows of University College in Oxford, to the end that the said Fellows should always have and chuse into their college Three Bachelors or Masters of Arts of the Dioceses of Durham, Carlisle, and York, to make proficiency in divinity among them, and be accounted as Fellows, and enjoy all privi- leges as themselves do. This foundation still continues to this day. In the 28 Henry VI. in consideration of his good and accept- able services,51 this great Earl was constituted Constable of England, to execute that office by himself, or his sufficient de- puty, in such manner as John Viscount Beaumont held it. In 33 Hen. VI. on the breaking out of the civil wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster, this Earl, gratefully remem- bering the good offices and favours conferred on him by King Henry V. continued loyal to his son King Henry VI. and was a « Rymer, p. 332. « Cart. 3 & 4 Hen. VI- n. 6. * Pat ii Hen. VI. p. 1. m.5. i Vid. Ridpath's Border Hist 4*0. p. 401. Reiiques of ancient Poetry, vol. i. izmo. ■ A. Wood's MS. Hist, of Oxford University, vol. ii. p. 17*. Pat 21 Hen. VI. p. 2. m. 19. * Pat. 28 Hen. VI. m. 22. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 277 stout asserter of the Lancastrian interest. He was present with the King atb Greenwich, on Feb. 5, 1454, 33 Henry VI. and being one of the Lords of his Council, advised the setting at liberty Edmund Beaufort Duke of Somerset, who had been im- prisoned in the Tower one year and ten weeks, for his opposition to Richard Duke of York: accordingly, the Duke of Somerset was released ; and the Duke of York retired in disgust to Wales, in order to raise forces there, and soon after advanced towards London with a formidable army. King Henry being informed of his success, collected what forces he could, and marching with them out of Westminster, on May 20, c 1455, conducted them to St. Alban's. On the 23d of that month, both armies were in view of each other, with a plain betwixt them; Henry having his standard displayed in St. Peter's Street, while the Duke of York was encamped in Keye- field. King Henry was attended by the Dukes of Somerset and Buckingham, the Earl of Stafford (Buckingham's son) the Earl of Northumberland, Thomas Lord Clifford, &c. The Duke of York had with him John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, Richard Nevil Earl of Salisbury, with his son Richard (Earl of Warwick, called the King-maker) William Nevil Lord Fauconberg, &c. The Duke of York offered to dismiss his troops if the Duke of Buckingham was delivered up, in order to be acquitted if inno- cent, or condemned, if guilty: d but that proposal being rejected, the Earl of Warwick, who commanded the van-guard of the Yorkists, immediately began the attack, between eleven and twelve o'clock of that day, (May 23) and broke in by a garden into Holywell-Street. The Duke of York at the same time ad- vanced with his division; and the Lancastrians were so hotly pressed, that they were totally routed in a few minutes, and King Henry made prisoner. The Duke of Somerset was slain under the sign of the castle, e and near him fell the heroic Earl of North- umberland, f who was buried in the chapel of Our Lady, in the abbey church at St. Alban's; in which church were also interred, on the same occasion, all the other before-mentioned noblemen of the Lancastrian party; except the Duke of Buckingham, King Henry's general, who, receiving a wound, retired out of the action. It was found by inquisition, that this Earl of Northumberland k Rymer, vol xi. p. 361, 362. c Hall's Chron. fol. 168. - Stow, p. 398, 399. e Hall ut antea. 1 Life of Hen. VI. in Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 414. 27$ PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. was, at the time of his death, seised of the castle and lordship ofs Alnwike, with its appurtenances, viz. the borough of Alnwike, and Alnmouth, with the towns of Alnwike, Lesbury, Houghton, Chatton, Alnham, &c. in com. Northumbr.j as h also of the castle and manor of Prudhow, and Birkley, with their mem- bers ; of the castle of Werkworth, and manors of Werk worth, Corbrigge, and Newburne, in the same county. Likewise a certain house, called Percy's Inn, situate in the parish of St. Dionis, within the city of York: and of the manors of Top- cliffe and SporTord, with the advowson of the church of Don- ningtonj of the manors of Lethlay, Shothorpe, Gigleswike, Langstrother, Tadcaster, Catton, with the advowson of the church, Pocklington, Nafferton, Hunandby, Semar, and Kirk- Levington, in com. Ebor : of the manors of Dagenham, and Cokeral, in com. Essex : of the manors of Swaby, Brinkell, Laughton, Saucethorp, Haghe, ULseby, Fulnetby, Horsington, Herningby, Oxcumbe, Farforth, Witherne, Gayton, Havering- ham, Lasseby, Claythorp, Mai ber thorp, Fedelthorp, Trusthorp, Sutton, Hotost, Anderby, Asserby, Louthford, Cobbenham, Thorp juxta Louthe, Imingham, Wickerby, Toste, Neuton, Snellesland, Reresby, Dykering, Carleton, Preston, Legburne, Welton juxta Thwayte, Urby, Athenby, Hotby, Hamore, Lowboworsby, Saxelby, Somerby, Thornton, Kathorpe, Staineton, Thorpe juxta Lathford, Garnethorpe, Louthney, Horkelaw, Riggesby, Wil- lingham, West-Langby, Fanthorpe, Kenermond, Covenham, and Worldby, in com. Line. Of the manor of Foston, in com. Lei- cester : of the castle and honour of Cockermouth, the manors of Papcastre, Aspatrike, Wighton, Brathwait, Cameswater, Dene, Caldbeck, Ulmedale, and moiety of .the manor of Kirkbriggej the advowsons of the churches of Dene, and Kirkbrigge, Ulm- dale, and chapel of St. Leonard at Wighton in com. Cumbr. Likewise of the fourth part of the barony of Egremond, with its appurtenances, in the same county j the advowson of the church of Wadwinch; with certain lands in Westward and Allerdale, parcel of the manor of Wighton, in the same county. 'l The said Henry second Earl of Northumberland, married anno 1414,* (as has been mentioned above) the Lady Eleanor Neville, daughter of Ralph first Earl of Westmoreland, by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, and half sister of png Henry IV. This young Lady is called by the genealogists ( yib. Cetlul p 667. »» IbicJ. l ibid p. 667. k Antiquarian Repertory, No. 29. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 279 widow of Lord Richard Spencer, son and heir of Thomas Spencer Earl of Gloucester; but as that young nobleman died without issue in 1414,' being then but fourteen years of age, he was probably only betrothed to her, and their marriage had never been consummated. Of this second Earl and his Countess, and their issue, the fol- lowing account is given in a very curious manuscript preserved in the British Museum, m and there said to be extracted Ex Registro Monastery dt JVhitlye, (to which we must premise, that in this passage, the issue seem not to be all arranged in the order of their births,) viz. f Henry Percy, the son of Sir Henry Percy, that was slayn« at Shrewcsbery, and of Elizabeth, the daughter of the Erie of Marche, after the death of his father and grauntsyre, was exiled into Scotland in the time of King Henry the Fourth : but in the time of King Henry the Fifth, by the labour of Johanne the Countes of Westmerland, (whose daughter Alianor he had wedded in coming into England,) he recovered the King's grace, and the countye of Northumberland, so was the second Erie of Northum- berland. And of this Alianor his wife, he begate IX sonnes and III daughters, whose names be Johanne, that is buried at Whyt- bye: Thomas Lord Egremont: Katheryne Gray [of] Rythyn: Sir RafTe Percy: William Percy, a Byshopp: Richard Percy: John, that dyed without issue: [another John, called by Vin- cent" John Percy senior of Warkworth] : George Percy Clerk: Henry, that dyed without issue: Anne — " [besides the eldest son and successor here omitted, because he comes in below, viz.] u Henry Percy, the third Erie of Northumberland." Of this illustrious progeny we shall now give a more parti- cular account; at the same time observing, that it is very difficult to arrange them exactly in the order of their births, because in the old pedigrees, drawn up near the time in which they lived, they are commonly distributed in a circle round their parents, in small orbs issuing like rays from a center : we shall however be able to ascertain the dates of some of their births from an ancient genealogical roll made by a Chaplain of this second Earl of North- umberland, named Robert Cavell, which is still preserved among the archives of the Northumberland family. 1 Dugd Bar I. 281, 300.397. m Harl MSS No. 692 (26 ) fol 235. printed in the Antiquarian Repertory*. -4to. vol ii No. 5- p. 109. n Vincent's MS. Barbnag. No- 20 in the Heralds' Office. 280 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. 1. Joan Percy (who vas apparently the eldest of the children of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) is said to have been a nun, and was buried in Whitby Abbey : ° she probably had taken the veil at Handale, or some other nunnery in Yorkshire, though she had her sepulture in that monastery, which had been the chief burying-place of her family. 2. Henry Percy the elder (son of -Henry second Earl of North- umberland) is usually represented to have been the same that, succeeded to the honours and estates of his father, and to have been third Earl, p But as the third Earl is mentioned in an in- quisition taken on the death of his father in 1455 (33 Hen. VI.) i to have been then aged thirty years and upwards, he could not hive been this first Henry, who must have been about forty at that time j and it was more probably the second Henry, (men- tioned below) who would indeed be aged thirty-three at the time of his fathers death. It is most probable therefore that it was this first Henry that deceased without issue; who, dying in his infancy, the name was afterwards given to another son. 3. John Percy (believed to be second son of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) was born at Wark worth on St. Grimbald's day (8 July) anno mccccxviii,1" and apparently died an infant. 4. John Percy (probably third son of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) died also without issue,8 and apparently in his infancy. Jn some genealogies, one of these two Johns is styled Sir John Percy, Knight, l but I can find no good authority for this distinction. 5. Henry Percy the younger (apparently fourth son of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) was bornatLeckenfieldin Yorksh. on St. James's day (25 July) anno mccccxxi.u It was evi- dently this second Henry, that was afterwards third Earl of North- umberland, whose history is given at large below. 6 Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, (fifth son of Henry second Earl of Northumberland), was born at Leckenfield on the day of St. Saturinus, anno mccccxxii.* He was, in consideration of his public services, created Baron Egremont by patent, y 20 Novem- ber, anno 28 Henry VI. 144p. 0 Vincent's MS Baronag. No 20 in the Herald's Office * Segar's MS. geneal. penes Jos. Edmondson. Dug. Bar. I. p. 281. 1 No. 37, Cumber. Mr Butler's MS- Collections. r Cavell's Roll » vide supra, p. 358 * Mr. Butler's Collections. u Cavell's Roll. x Ibid- y Printed at large in Madox's Baronia Angliga, fol. 1741, p. 142. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 281 In 30 Hen. VI. he was one of the commissioners to treat with James Earl of Douglas, about certain matters contained in articles signed by him, and sent to the King:2 and in 36 Hen. VI. he obtained a grant of the castle and lordship of Wressil, in com. Ebor. to hold for term of life.a But previous to this, some great disputes had arisen in 1452, between this Lord and his brother Richard Percy, on the one party, and two sons of Richard Neville Earl of Salisbury (their mother's brother) on the other party; which grew to such a height, that they had a pitched battle at Staynford Bridge near York, in 1453. b This is said to have been the beginning of the civil wars of York and Lancaster in the north of England ; which at last occasioned the death of this Lord Egremont, who was slain fighting (on the side of Lancaster) in the battle of Northampton, fought July 10, 1460. c He is usually represented as having died unmarried: but the contrary appears from the evidences of the Percy family preserved at Sion- house; which plainly prove that he had a son living in 1480, named Sir John Percy, Knt. who in that year came of age, and signed a general release of certain tenements, &c. at North- Lambeth, which had been granted away by his father Thomas Percy, Lord Egremont, in June 1458 > at which time he had no issue; for then his brother Wjlliam Percy Bishop of Carlisle, signed a grant and release of the premises, as brother and heir to the said Lord Thomas. d In this deed of Lord Egrernont's son, which is dated June 17, anno 20 Edw. IV. (1480.) he stiles himself Johannes Percy miles jiliiis et heres Thome Percy militis Domini dum vixit de Egremoncl. It does not appear that his father was attainted; and therefore Sir John Percy might have assumed the title of Baron of Egremont, (for aught that we can rind to the contrary :) but probably he abstained from taking upon him that dignity for want of estate ; what grants his father en- joyed, &c. having been resumed by the crown, under King Ed- ward IV. as we have an instance of even an Earldom being un- claimed for two or three generations, and the title dormant, on the very same account. e 7. Katharine Percy (second daughter of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) was born at Leckenfield May 18, anno z Rymer, vol- xi. p. 310. • Pat 36 Hen. VI. •> Harl. MSS. 692. Antiq. Repertory, II- pag. 109. c Vincent upon Brooke- d Ex Autographo penes Due Northumbr • The Earldom of Kent. Dugdale's Bar. I. p. 718. 282 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. mccccx[x] in.f She was wife of Edmund Lord Grey of Ruthin, who was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Kent in the fourth year of King Edward IV. I 8. George Percy (sixth son of Henry second Earl of North- umberland) was born at Leckenfield on St. Sampson's day, anno Mccccxxiin.h He was a clergyman; yet he does not appear ever to have attained to any other preferment but to a prebend in the collegiate church of Beverley.1 9. Sir Ralph Percy, Knight, (seventh son of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) was born at Leckenfield on the day of St. Tiburcius (11 August) anno mccccxxv. k He was, like the rest of his family, a stout asserter of the Lancastrian interest, to which at last he fell a martyr: for, being Governor of Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh Castles in Northumberland, and prevailed on to make submissions to King Edward IV. in 1462, when the cause of Lancaster seemed quite abandoned both by King Henry him- self, and his more martial Queen j l yet afterwards in 1464, when the latter made an effort to revive their drooping cause, Sir Ralph thought himself bound in honour and duty to fly to her assist- ance, and accordingly raised forces, which he led to Hedgeley Moor (not far from Chillingham Castle) in Northumberland, to oppose King Edward's General, the Lord Montacute: when his brother partisans, the Lords of Hungerford and Ros, fled without striking a blow, Sir Ralph, unsupported, still kept the field against superior numbers, and was there slain fighting with great valour. As he was dying, he comforted himself with this reflection, " I have saved the bird in my bosom:" meaning his faith and alle- giance to King Henry."1 For this he was after his death attainted in parliament, anno 4 Edw. IV. Scil. " For rendering the King's Castles of Bamburgh, and Dunstanburgh unto Henry VI. and for rearing war against the King at Hedgley Moor in Northumber- land, on the feast of St. Mark, viz. April 25, 1464." n On the spot, where he fell, was erected a cross, the shaft of which still remains ensculptured with the Fusils, Lucies, and Crescents, known Insignia of the Percy family. This Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. who was in 1450 seneschal or f Cavell's Roll, in which a numerical letter appears to have been omitted, as is signified above. e Dug. Bar. & Vincent upon Brooke. b Cavell's Roll. ' Vincent upon Brooke. * Cavell's Roll. 1 Rapin, Eachard, Hume, &c m Grafton's Hist. n Pari. Rolls, vol v. p. 511. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 283 steward of the Earl his father's courts0 in Northumberland, (an honourable post in that age) is usually represented as having died unmarried i p but the contrary appears from innumerable proofs, among the original evidences of the Percy family, preserved at Sion House and Alnwick Castle. It is, there recorded, that the said Sir Ralph Percy married Eleanor, only daughter and heir of Laurence Acton, Esq.i who appears to have possessed lands in Hasand, Acton, Shilbottle, and Gysands' (not far from Aln- wick and Warkworth) part of which, viz. his lands in Hasand (or Haysand) had been purchased by his ancestor John de Acton,* in lOEdw. II. The said Laurence Acton had been returned among the gentry named for Commissioners in Northumberland, in 12 Hen. VI.1 (1433.) But he is mentioned as deceased in, 1443, having been lately Master Forester to the Earl of North- umberland ; ■ an office of great dignity, which was afterwards in •1480 enjoyed by Sir Robert Manmrs, Knt. x the same that mar- ried the heiress of Ros, and was grandfather of the first Earl of Rutland. Matilda de Acton, who was apparently wife of the said Laurence, is mentioned as already deceased in 1450, having possessed lands at Thriston near Felton in Northumberland, t Their daughter Eleanor, after the death of her first husband Sir Ralph Percy in 1464 (as is above-mentioned) was married, se- condly to John Carlyle, Esq. who appears in 1474 l to have pos- sessed her estates in Shilbottle, Hasand, &c. in right of her his said wife j a but he died before 14()8, when she was still living a wi- dow; as appears in a rental of the barony of Alnwick, 14 Hen. VII. in which are these entries: b viz. Alianora Relicta Radulphi Percy 0 See Sion Evid. C. VIII No. i. e. (7th Roll.) sub Chatton. In the same record he is mentioned to have had a grant from the Earl his father of the herbage of the little park under Alnwick castle, in 1450. p Dugd. Bar. &c. *> Evidences at Sion House: Cartington's Rental, A. II. No. 3 a. pag 4- 3S. Evidences at Alnwick Castle: Clarkson's Survey, A. I. No. 1. s. r Evid at Sion, D. III. No 26 a. (1.) • Evid. at Alnwick, A. I. No. 2. pag. z%. 1 Fuller's Worthies, in Northumb. p 310 " Sion 's Evid- CIII-No- 1-^. x Ibid. C. VIII. No. I h- Item. C VI N0.2.C p. 33 36. y Sion Evidences, CVIII. No 1 e. (Roll. 3d.) « Alnwick Court Rolls, D- III. No. 6. a. Roll, 6th. Sion Evidences, C. VI. N0.2 c. p 19 ■ See in 22 Edw. IV- {1482.) the accompt of the Bailiff of Alnwick. " Jok, Carlyle Armig. fr» villat de Haysand, quam tenet de jure uxorls sue -per servio. uniusfeod. militis. [c. s ]" Sion Evid. CVIII. No i- 1. p 19. D Sion Evidences, A. II. No. 3b. fol 3, \- Item. A. II. No 3. a. p^p. 3$. Alnwick Evidences, A I. No I % 284 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. militis, Jilia et heres Laur. Acton, tenet Haysand per servitium unius-feodi militis & Sect. Cur. &c. et reddit per annum pro IVarda Caslri, ts'c. xiij. s. iiij. d. And again, for lands in Shil- bottle, belonging to her estate at Haysand, Alianora Percy reddit Domino, &c. xxij. d. By her, Sir Ralph Percy had issue three sons, viz. first, Sir Henry Percy, Knt. who married, and had issue, mentioned below ; second, Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. who is stiled simply Magister Radulphus Percy in 1487 5 c but m 1489, he had obtained the order of knighthood, being then called Ra- dulphus Percy Miles, having had an annuity for life of twenty marks per annum from Henry Percy fourth E&rl of Northumber- land, then newly deceased : d third, George Percy, Esq. who in 6 Hen. VII. e married Eleanor, daughter of Sir William Hyl- ton, Knt. and relict of Owen second Lord Ogle, that died in 1 Hen. VII. f by whom she had a son Ralph third Lord Ogle; but she appears to have had no issue by this her second husband. This George Percy, Esq. had, in consideration of his good and faithful services, a grant from the crown of certain lands and tenements at Newton, near Bamburgh, in Northumberland, (to be held durante bene placitoj by patent dated 17 May, anno 3 Hen. VII. 8 (1488.) And also a further grant of one hundred marks per annum, 20 June, 5 Hen. VII. h (1490.; He had also an annuity of twenty pounds per annum ' from the fourth Earl of Northumberland; and had the principal direction in managing the EaH's revenue, &c. in com. Northumberland, k of which he died greatly in arrear, in or about A.D. 1500. l The Lady Ogle his wife survived him many years, being still living in 1525. m c Sion Evidences, C VI. No-4- b. foi 39. d Ibid- C. III. No 4. a. (back of the Roll.) yet it is not absolutely certain but Sir Ralph may have been already knighted in 1487, when he was simply stiled Magister ; for so his brother, Sir Henry Percy, is stiled in p. 105 of C.VI. No. i. although in another part of the same record he has the addition of Miles. e Vincent, No. 4 in the College of Arms. f Ibid. He was never summoned to Pari, after 2 Rich. III. See Dugdale Summ. who in his Baronage II. p. 263, has confounded him with George Ogle, a different person. « See in Rolls Chapel, Patent, 3 Hen. VII. h Ibid. Pat. 5 Hen. VII. 1 Sion Evidences, CHI. No. 4. a. k Ciorgi Percy had been Esquire of the body to King Henry VII. in 1 490 ; for which he had his annuity of 100 marks, mentioned above. (See Patent, 5 H. 7.) ' Sion Evidences, C. IX. No. 1. a. fol. 8. b. Item. C. VI. No. 4. c passim. &c ™ Ibid C.VI- No. 5. a passim. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 285 Besides these three sons, Sir Ralph Percy appears to have had by Eleanor his wife a daughter also, who is supposed to have been Margaret,11 wife of Sir Ralph Harbottle, Knt. (father of Guyscard, or Wicherd Harbottle, whose daughter Eleanor,0 mar- ried Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. son of the fifth Earl of Northum- berland:) for so early as 14/4? Sir Ralph Harbottle was become possessed of those very lands at Thriston, which had been here- tofore possessed by Laurence 1 and Matilda1- de Acton, and by [their daughter] Eleanor Percy ; s and which therefore he is sup- posed to have received in dower with his wife Margaret, believed to be daughter of the said Eleanor. To return to Sir Henry Percy, Knt. eldest son and heir of Sir Ralph Percy; his name occurs in the accompts of the Earl of Northumberland's officers so early as 14721 (anno 12 Edw. IV.) when he was already knighted, being stiled Henricus Percy Miles, u and Consanguineus Domini. x He appears at that time to have been stationed at Bamburgh, either as having some com- mand there, or as being there resident, y In the accompts of 1480 z and 1483, a he is stiled Lieutenant or Deputy Warden of the Marches; and appears to have held very distinguished offices both under the Earl his cousin and under the crown j being in 1484 one of the Commissioners that were to hold meetings with the Scotch Gentlemen, on the 18th, and 21st of October that n Sion Evidences, C. VI. No- 4. f. sub Prudhowe. She was living in 1506, when Sir Ralph was dead. 0 See below, the issue of the sixth Earl of Northumberland. p Alnwick Evidences, D III. No. 6 a. Roll. 9th 1 Ibid. A I. No. a- p. 60. ' Sion Evid. C VIII. No- 1. e. Roll. 3. * Alnwick Evid A. I. No. 2. p 60. ■ Sion Evidences, CVI. No 2. a. » Ibid p. 29. x Ibid. p. 108. There could be in 1472 no other Henry Percy that was grown up to manhood, and who could be properly stiled " cousin to the Lord" (scilt. to the then fourth Earl of Northumberland) except a son of Sir Ralph Percy, Knt- which son would indeed be the Earl's cousin german. For Sir Henry Percy of Athol, Knight, the only surviving son of Sir Thomas Percy (Hotspur's brother) died without issue male in 1433. Nor was there any surviving male descendant from any former Lord Percy so far back, at least, as the second Lord Percy of Alnwick, who died in 1351. Nor again could there have been in 1472 any son that was adult, of either of Sir Ralph Percy's brothers, viz of Thomas Percy Lord Egremont, or of Sir Richard Percy, Knt. (supposing the latter to have left children:) for the said Lord Egremont, as we have seen, had no issue born till after 1458, and he died in 1460. And Sir Richard Percy was not married till after 1453, as will appear in the account of him given in the next article y Sion Evidences, C. VI. No 2. a, p. 107. » Ibid. CVI. No. i.e. passim. • Ibid. CVIII No. I. i. passim. 285 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. year, b to prepare matters for an accommodation. And on the 2d December following he was employed in a commission, with some of the most eminent men on the borders, to negotiate a truce with Scotland. c In 1485, Sir Henry Percy, Knt was along with his kinsman the Earl of Northumberland at the battle of Bosworth field, fought August 22 that year.d After which battle Sir Henry came the next day, August 23, to Wressil Castle ; e and the day after, viz. August 24, he repaired to York, to quie*t the citizens, and to reconcile them to this new revolution : f for which, and for other good services, he had a grant from King Henry VIL of the custody of Ban;burgh Castle in Northumber- land, I dated May 3, I486 (1 Hen. VII.) and would probably have received other marks of the royal favour, but he died the same year, I486. :* He left issue one son, John Percy, Esq. men- tioned below ; one daughter, Margery Percy, who was married first to Sir Henry Widdrington, of Widdrington Castle, Knt. being entered in all the genealogies of that ancient family, pre- served in the College of Arms and elsewhere, simply thus: " Mar- gery, daughter of Sir Henry Percy, Knt." ' and she is no where represented as heiress to her father or brother, &c. nor did her posterity (for she left one son k and five daughters) ever assume the arms of Percy, either with or without any distinction, or quarter the same in any manner with their own. l After the death of her first husband, the said Sir Henry Widdrington (who had been knighted at the creation of Henry Prince T)f Wales, 18 Feb. 1503, 19 Hen. VII. m) she was married secondly to Sir William Ellerker, Knight,n who was sheriff of Northumber- land in 13 Hen. VIII. (1522.) when he was only stiled " Will. Ellerker Arm.''''0 And again, in 16 Hen. VIII. (1525.) when he is called u Will Ellerker. Mil.'" ° They appear to have had a son, Sir Robert Ellerker, Knt. who, after King Henry VIII. had t, Ridpath's Border Hist. p. 450 Rymer, II. p 244 246. c Border Hist p. 451. Rymer, XII p. £52. He is aho referred to in a commission issued after his death in 1495. See Rymer, XII p. 569 Border Hist. p. 466. ° Drake's Hist, of York, p. 120, 121. e Ibid. • Ibid. b Rolls Chapel, Patent, anno 1 Hen. VII- 3 Pars. h Sion Evidences, C VI. No. 4 a fol.38 sub Chatton. He had rented of the Earl one orchard and five oxgangs of land in Woller. .See the Visitations of Northum'j in the College of Arms, &c. Segar's Baronag. penes Edmondson, sub Widdrington * Viz Sir John Widdrington, Knt. who died in 1551. Ibid Ibid. m ibid. „ ibid. • Fuller's Worthies in Noithumb. ibid. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 287 got possession of all the estates of the Percy family, (circ. 1541.) held certain offices and grants under the crown in the barony of Alnwick. •» But notwithstanding this Sir Robert Ellerker's appa- rent affinity to the Earl of Northumberland through his mother, he seems to have lived upon very ill terms with the Earl and his family. r As for John Pehcy, Esq. son and heir of Sir Henry Percy, Knt. and grandson of Sir Ralph Percy, he apparently succeeded to the estates at Hasand, &c. of his grandmother Eleanor daughter and heiress of Laurence Acton, Esq. before-mentioned ; who out- lived her eldest son Sir Henry Percy, many years.' The said John Percy also enjoyed a part of the lands at Newton by the se^ (not far from Baruburgh) which should seem at a former period, (viz. in 1498.) to have belonged to Sir John Myddylton, Knt.1 Whence it has been conjectured, that his mother was a coheiress, or at least a relation of the said Sir John. Or this John Percy may have had a grant of those lands at Newton aforesaid, which had formerly been held under the crown by his uncle George, although no such grant is now referred to in the Rolls Index. However that be, among the evidences at Sion House, is a curious paper, written in l607,u by one of the Earl of Northumberland's, officers, who is stiled " The Feodary of Alnwick," which contains this entry: *' John le Viscount held of William Vescy Lord of Alnwicke, as of his castle and barony of Alnwick, the townes of Newtowne by the sea ai;d Yerdle, b} ane whole knights fee. 0 He had some office in the barony, and farmed Alnwick mills in 1541. See Sion Evidences, CVI No. 5 d. fol. 3, 4. The arms of his father, Sir William Ellerker, differed in colour from those of the family of Ellerker, of Riseby Park, in Yorkshire. See Fuller's Worthies, ubi supra. ' Sir Robert Ellerker, after the dissolution of the monasteries, got a grant for his life of Hulne Abbey, near Alnwick: where, from its situation, in the middle of the Earl of Northumberland's park, the Earl's officers make great complaints of the hurt he did to the deer and woods, Sec- Also after his death, when the said abbey had been purchased by his Lordship, they complain of the depredations committed by William Ellerker and his bre- thren 'one of which is elsewhere named John Ellerker) who seem to have been the sons or brothers of the said Sir Robert Ellerker; as also of their enmity ** or displeasure, because his Lordship did enter into his own " See a Survey of the Barony of Alnwick, Sec. in 1567, by Robert Clarkson, surveyor to Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of Northumberland; of which a curious extract is printed in Captain Grose's Antiquities, 4 vols. 4to. [sub. tit. Hulne Abbey.] s Vid. supra, p. 362, and p. 364. ' Sion Evid. A. II. No. 3. a. p. 2. Johannes Myddylton miles te?tet tieivtou juxta Mare & Yerdyll fer servit. unius feed, milit. et sect, cur, £f reddit per ann. &c. xiij. s. iiij. d. « C I X. No. 2. a. (2 ) 288 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. And afterward in the tyme of King Henry the Seaventh, theyrcs of Reynold Carnaby, Knight, [and] John Percy sonne and heyre of Henry Percy, held the sayd lands in Newton by the Sea and Yerdle by Knights Service of Henry Percy Erie of Northumber- land, as of his castle and barony of Alnwick." Here it must be observed, that as this paper relates only to some feudal claims which the Earl had on the foregoing estates, the officer gives here only a general account how those estates descended, and was not obliged to be minutely particular, or to ascertain exactly the times when they came into the hands of the above-mentioned proprietors: so that, although he is accurate enough as to John Percy, who certainly possessed his lands at Newton, &c. about the latter end of Henry Vllth's reign, yet, with respect to Car- naby, he did not acquire his estate there so early ; for it appears upon record to have been for some time in the hands of Sir John Mordaunt, Knight, Lord Mordaunt (whose father had been Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and died in 1504.) x who sold for the sum of one thousand marks sterling the manors of Newton by the Sea, and Burton (alias Burnton) in com. Northumb. as also some hereditaments in Emildon and elsewhere in the same county, to Henry Why treason of London, Gent, by indenture dated 10 April, 27 Hen. VIII. >' (1535:) and that the said Henry Why treason sold the premises for the very same sum to Sir Rey- nold Carnaby, Knt. by indenture dated 12 May, 28 Hen. VIII. z (1536.) The aforesaid John Percy is not found to have enjoyed any office or emolument of any kind under his kinsman the Earl of Northumberland, contrary to the usual practice of this great x Vid. Edmondson's Peerage, sub Mordaunt, &c. f In Rolls Chapel, Claus. 27 Hen VIII. p. 1. n. 39. z Ibid. Claus. 28 Hen. VIII. p. a. n 76, In the foregoing indentures, in the covenant against incumbrances is ex- cepted «« Such title and interest as our Sovereign Lord the King doth pretend and claim of, in. and to the same, by reason of a late seizure of the said manors, lands, and premises, with their appurtenances, into his Grace's hands, in the name of a distress unto the time that the terre-tenants or other owners of the same premises have saved and discharged the manors, &c. out of his Grace's hands, by process of law or otherwise," &c. After all, it may not be impossible but the seizure was made from John Percy, into the King's hands, and granted by him to Sir John Mordaunt ; and as a particle seems wanting in the text, and has been supplied by conjecture with [and], it? may possibly after all require a different particle, and perhaps should be read thus : «* th'eyres of Reynold Carnaby, Knight, [from, or after] John Percy, sonne and heyre of Henry Percy, held the sayd lands in Newton by the Sea, Sec." DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 289 family ; whose offices of dignity or profit appear to have been given, with a preference, to the inferior branches of their noble house, as we have seen above particularly exemplified in this John Percy's Father, Grandfather, and Uncles. He was, however, Foreman of a jury of Northumberland gentlemen on an inqui- .sition post mortem, held at Alnwick 23 November, anno 2 Hen. VIII. (1511.) on the death of Margaret Countess of Richmond and Derby f mother of King Henry VII ) and of Richard [Lord] Lumley. a John Percy also occurs among the gentlemen who owed suit and service to the Duchy of Lancaster at the manor court of Emildon b in Northumberland, A. D. 1520, (12 Hen. VIII.) and Newton by the Sea is mentioned in the list of the townships subject to that court, but whether he was still possessed of his lands there, is not ascertained; as about that time, part of Newton at least, if not the whole of it, as likewise Ha- sand, &c. appear to have passed into other hands: for in a roll of the Knights Court of the barony of Alnwick, anno 11 Hen. VIII.C (1519.) Hasand was then possessed by Christopher Thirlkeld, Esq. in whose family it continued for two generations, till it was forfeited for a murder: d in the same roll of 1 1 HeD. VIII. Newton by the Sea appears to be then held by John Mordaunt, before- mentioned} and Yerdle (now called Earle, near Woller, then connected with Newton) by Lady Woddringtorte (i.e. Wid- drington) evidently the sister of this John Percy. In a rental of the said barony of Alnwick, &c. 33 Hen. VIII. (J 541) is this entry : f Heredes Reignaldi Carnalye, et Heredes Johannis Percye fdij et heredis Henrici Percye Mililis, tenent certas terras in Newton super Mare, et Yerdle per servitium uniusfeodi militis, et a Of this inquisition two ancient copies are preserved among the Percy Evidences. Scil. one at Sion House, at the end of what is called The Red Book of Alnwick, A. II. No. 2. The other at Alnwick Castles in Clarkson's Survey of the barony, &c. A. I. No. 1 part 18. By some accident, the original is not referred to in the Index at the Rolls Chapel. 6 From an extract from the Court Roll, among the MS. Collections of the late Counsellor John Crastre, now in possession of Dan. Crastre, of Crastre, in com. Northumb. Esq. c Alnwick Evidences, D II. No 5, d. d Sion Evidences, D III. No. 26 a. fa ) e Although she may in 151 9 have been wife of her second husband, Wil- liam Ellerker, yet, as he was not then a Knight, she would retain her superior title derived from her first husband. See ?,bove, p. 364. 'In what is called "The Red Book of Alnwick," (Sion Evidences, A. II. No. 2. p. 48.) The same article occurs also in a rental for 1552, Sion Evidences, A. II. No. 4. fol. 22. a.— The officers nave not thought it necessary VOL. II. U 290 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. facient homagium et a. s. [alia servitia'] et reddent Ddmino an- nuatim ultra ward. & a. s. [alia servitia'] — xiij. s. iiij. d. ultra xvj. d. pro coronagio, &c. where, in the margin, it is particularly specified who the then proprietors were, that are called here Heirs of Carnaby and Percy, and the proportions in which they were to make the above annual payment, viz. Heredes Weitwang, iiij. s. vj. d. Heredes Carnaby, vij. s. iiij. d. Johannes Carre £ xij. (I. Edmund Crauster, xxij. d. Now, as it fully appears from the Heralds Visitations for Northumberland, that none of these four families had any consanguinity or intermarriage with the Percy family, nor with the said John Percy, it is plain they are only here called his " Heirs j" not as any way related to him in blood, or inheriting from him by lineal or collateral descent, but merely as being his successors in the property ; it being still customary in the Court Rolls and Call Books of the barony of Alnwick, for the officers, (who think it not necessary to specify minutely how private estates descend, in which their Lord is not interested) to enter under the general description of Heirs to the former pro- prietors, any persons that have succeeded to their estates, and thereby to the suit and service owing to the Lord, whether the aforesaid proprietors had parted with the same by sale, forfeiture, or otherwise. The reader will pardon this long digression relating to a branch of this noble family, which has hitherto been omitted in all for- mer Pedigrees and Genealogical Histories: and yet, the several individuals of it occurring in public Records and General History, and being there mistaken for their relations of the elder line, have occasioned a confusion, which it was thought deserving this here (any more than the Feodary, in his account quoted above, p. 365.) to «pecify exactly when Carnaby, and when Percy, possessed their estates at Newton, &c. But it is certain that Percy was prior to Carnaby. . Yet Carnaby was perhaps placed first in the rental, because he had the manor, and the greatest share of the lands at Newton : of which Percy may have had a much unaller proportion; unless the conjecture hazarded above (in p 288. note1) may be admitted; and then the Heirs of Carnaby may here and below be Mipposed to have had only a part of what Percy formerly possessed ; but it being a much greater part than any other proprietor had; the others are called in general H Heirs of Percy," who enjoyed so much of the lands at Newton, formerly posses? ed by him, as had not then descended to the heirs of Carnaby. « It appears from the purchase deeds of Newton, Sec. mentioned above in p. 288, that in 1535, Ralph Carre had a lease of certain lands and tenements, parcel of the premises in Eurnton and Newton, belonging to Sir John Mor- «Uunt, &c. and a fee of 5!. per annum, with arrears then due to him. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 29 1 Very minute inquiry to remove. We now return to the other issue of the second Earl of Northumberland. 10. Sir Richard Percy, Knight, (eighth son of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) was evidently born about 1426, or 1427, although the date of his birth is omitted in Cavell's Roil. He was involved in the quarrels and disputes which his brother Lord Egremont had with the Earl of Salisbury's family j h and was slain along with his eldest brother the third Earl of Northumber- land at the battle of Towton-field, fought on Palm-Sunday, 29th. March, 1461. ' He has commonly been thought to have died a bachelor 5 but he is now known to have married Catherine, daughter of Sir Henry Neville, Knt. of Thornton-Bridge in York- shire, and widow of William Fairfax, Esq. of Walton in the same county, who died in 31 of Hen. VI. k (1453.] Whether Sir Richard Percy hacl any issue by her is not mentioned. 11. William Percy (ninth son of Henry, third Earl of North- umberland) was born at Leckcntield, April 7, anno mccccxxviii.1 He went into holy orders, and was Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1451, ln 30 Hen. VI. The following year he was consecrated Bishop of Carlisle, and had the temporalities of his Bishopric, n October 24, 1452. He died in 1462, 2 Edw. 1V.° 12. Anne Percy (probably youngest daughter of Henry second Earl of Northumberland) was born at Dugnanis [so it seems written in Cavell's Roll, but is thought to mean Dunganess in Scotland] on February 3, armo mcccc.p She was married first, to Sir Thomas Hungerford, son of Robert Lord Hungerford and Molyns,i and had issue by him one daughter, wife of Sir Ed- ward Hastings, Knt. and mother of the first Earl of Huntingdon ; secondly, to Sir Laurence Raynsford, Knt. and thirdly, to Sir Hugh Vaughan, Knt. She lived to an extreme old age, accord- ing to Dugdale, r who says she died 5 July, 1522, and was buried in St. Michael's Chapel, within the church of St. Margaret, Westminster. * Vid supra, p 359. » Drake's Hist, of York, p. 11 r. k Thoresby's Antiq. of Leeds, p 67. ] Cavell's Roll. ,u Le Neve's Fasti Eccles Angl p 390 * Ibid. p. 334. Rymer, vol. xi- p 317. Fuller's Worth es, Yorksh- p 196 Godwin de Pi esulib. ° Le Neve, p 334. Godwin, &c. p The year of her birth is evidently wanting in the above date, copied from Cavell's Roll, which only gives the century wherein she was bom; but as she lived to the year 15-2, it is most credible that she was one of the youngest of the second Earl's children, and most probably born after 1428. «■ Vincent upon Brooke, p. 370. Dugd Bar. II. p zu- ' Ibid 292 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. We now proceed to the next Earl. Henry Percy, third Earl of Northumberland, eldest surviving son and heir of Henry Percy second Earl, was found by inquisition s to be at the death of his father in 1455, aged thirty years and upwards. He was indeed then in his thirty fourth year, having been born in 1421. * He received the order of knighthood along with King Henry the Vlth, when they were both infants, on that solemn feast kept on Whitsunday, 1426 (4 Hen. VI.) in joy of the reconciliation of Humphrey Duke of Gloucester and Beaufort Bishop of Win- chester:" when the Duke of Bedford first knighted the King, then but five years of age j and then that young Prince was made to confer the same honour on this Henry Lord Percy, together with several other sons of his chief nobility. In 20 Henry VI. he was byx indenture, dated March 6, re- tained to serve the King as Governor of the town and castle of Berwick ; as also of the whole east marches towards Scotland, for the term of ten years j taking, in the time of war, 5000/. per annum, and in times of peace, 2500/. and for the custody of the castle, 500/. per annum, in time of war; and in time of peace, or truce, 100 marks. In 1445, 24 Hen. VI. by another y indenture dated December 5, he was again retained for seven years longer, for the like wages: and in 31 Hen. VI. the King came to an7 agreement with him, thenceforth to take 25661. 13s. 4d. ster- ling, per annum, as well in times of war as peace. By means of his great uncle Cardinal Beaufort, a he married before (1447) a rich heiress, who brought with her three Baronies in fee, viz. those of Poynings, Fitzpayne, and Bryan. This was Eleanor, daughter and sole heir of Richard Poynings, that died in the life time of his father Robert Lord Poynings, Fitz- payne, and Bryan, by which means she was heir to her grand- father. And at the decease of the said Robert (who hadb sum- mons to parliament among the Barons, from 5 Hen. IV. to 24 Hen. VI. and « was slain at the siege of Orleans, on October 2, 1446, 25 Hen. VI.) she was twenty-five years of age, and then • Inquis. 33 Hen. VI. No. 37. Cumbr. Mr. Butler's Collections. 1 Vide !>upra, p. 359. ■ Hall's Chron. fol. 100. a. Rymer, X- p. 356. Anstis Regist. Garten p. 93* x Claus. 20 Hen. 6 m. 30. f' Ibid 7. Ibid. * Harl. MSS- No, 692. (26.) fol. 239 • k Claus. de iisd Ann. tn dorso. c Hollinsh. Chron. p-6oi- DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 (be wife of Sir Henry Percy. The said Robert Lord Poynings* was son of Richard Lord Poynings, d and Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of Robert Lord Fitz-Payne, as alsoe heir to Elizabeth her mother, daughter and heir of Sir Guy de Bryan the younger, Knt. son and heir of Guy Lord Bryan. f Sir Henry Percy thereupon,? in 25 Hen. VI. had a special livery of all the castles, manors, and lands, which were of the in- heritance of the Lords Poynings, Fitz-Payne, and Bryan, viz. the manors of Perching, Great Shelley, and Crawley, in Sussex j Wrentham, in Suffolk j Wilton-Hokwold, in Norfolk j Stoke- Cursy, Radewye, Carye, Cherleton, Wyke, Cheddon, Spekyng- ton, Staple, and the hundred of Canyngton, in Somersetshire; also Terlingham, Newenton-Bertram, Westwode, Staundon, Combisdane, Mylton, Hokyng, Rokesle, North-Craye, Totyng- ton, Eklys, Horsemunden, Levelond, Penyngden, Knokkyng, and Estwell, with the hundred of Folkeston, in the county of Kent. On December 14, 144(5, he had summons to parliament, the writ being addressed u Henrico Percy de Poynings, Chevalier-." h and was summoned as such to all other parliaments, till he succeeded his father as third Earl of Northumberland, in the year 1455. In 2/ Hen. VI. in consideration of his special services in the inarches towards Scotland, he had a ' joint grant, with Sir Robert Manners, of all the goods and chattels of Sir Robert Ogle, Knt. then outlawed. In 29 Hen. VI. by the title k of Sir Henry Percy, Knt. Lord Poynings, he was constituted one of the Commissioners to treat with the ambassadors of James II. King of Scotland; and also appointed1 one of the Conservators of the truce made that year, to last from August 15, 1451, to August 15, 1454. In 30 Hen. VI. he wasm one of the Commissioners to treat with James Earl of Douglas, upon certain articles signed by him, and sent to the King} and in 31 Hen. VI. constituted" Governor of the town and castle of Berwick, and Warden of the east marches, with an allowance of 1026 /. Qs. per annum. He was also, that year, one° of the Conservators of the truce concluded at 1 Esc. 17 Rich. II. n. 46. e Ex Collect. R. Glover. f Barones Extincti, MS. 6 Pat. 25 Hen. VI- p. 1 m. 13. h Claus de iisd. Ann in dorso « Pat. 27 Hen. VI. p. 1. in. 20. k Rot. Scoc. 29 Hen. VI. m. 1. J Rymer, vol xi p. 293. ■ Rymer, vol xi. p 300. n Rot. Scoc. 31 Hen VI m. 2 • Rymer, vol xi. p. 3 26, 327. <2q4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Newcastle, to last till May 21, 1457: and employed in other im- portant commissions. * . In 1455, 33 Henry VI. his father being slain, he succeeded him as Earl of Northumberland. — And in consideration of his many good services, viz. " In the custody of the town of Berwick, and wardenshipof the east marches; as also in repelling the Scots upon their siege of that town and castle, at his great expence;" he, in 35 Hen. VI. i had further livery of all his lands, without any inquisition taken for proof of his age, and was dis- charged of his relief. The same year he r was one of the Conser- vators of the truce concluded on July 6, 1457, to last till July 6, 1459. In 38 Hen. VI. he was constituted5 Justice of all the forests beyond Trent j and the same year was one of the1 Conservators of the truce between England and Scotland, concluded to last from July 6, 1463, to- July 6, 1468. He was u also present in the parliament held at Coventry, November 28, 1459, 38 Hen. VI. in which Richard Duke of York, and all his confederates, were attainted of high-treason, and their lands, &c. confiscated : and in the bill are enumerated the Duke's oath at large, which he had falsified, x and the loss of the second Earl of Northumberland at the battle of St. Alban's. But whilst the King and Queen continued at Coventry, the said Duke of York, his son Edward Earl of March, and Richard Neville Earl of Warwick, landing in England, there ensued, on July 2, 1460, a bloody battle, between Towcester and Northamp- ton, wherein King Henry was taken prisoner; and the Duke of York seizing the King, the Earl of Northumberland? remained with the Queen in the North, where by his great influence he had got together eighteen thousand men. The Duke of York sent messengers, inviting the Queen to London, where the King was ; but being encouraged by this Earl, and the Lords with her, to engage her adversaries and restore the King, she refused to go. Whereupon the Duke, on December 21, left London, to repress the Queen and her northern adherents, and on Christmas-eve arrived at his Castle of Sandal, near Wakefield in Yorkshire, and » Rymer, vol.xi. p, 326, %iy. 9 Rot Fin- 35 Hen VI. m 6- t Rymer, vol. xi p 389, & seq. » Pat. 38 Hen VIp2.rn.7- « Rymer, vol. x.i p. 426. u Cotton's Records, p. 660. « If>id- 66*. y Life of Henry VI. in His*, of Engl, vol i p. 425. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 2Q5 there unadvisedly engaging with an unequal force, was slain2 in the battle fought December 30, a 1460. The Queen, after this victory, was encouraged to march to London with her northern army; and coming to the town of St. Alban's, there ensued another battle, on Shrove-Tuesday Fe- bruary 17, between her forces b and those of the York party. Tn this battle, wherein the Queen again prevailed, the. Lords of her party displayed the talents of expert commanders, and gallant soldiers. By this victory King Henry was again set free.; but our his- torians have remarked, that wherever the King was, the enter- prizes proved unfortunate. Whilst the Queen was at St. Alban's, c Edward Earl of March being joined by the vanquished forces, had formed so great an army, that she judged it necessary to rer treat again into the north, the Londoners being in the interest of her adversaries. Thereupon departing from St. Alban's with the King her husband and Prince Edward her son, the Earl of March entered London, d and was by his party proclaimed King, by the name of Edward the Fourth. Queen Margaret, when she came into the north, found the Lords of her side were daring and yigilant ; and the Earl of Northumberland's interest so strong there, that she soon formed an army of sixty thousand men,c as some write. Of this army, the said Earl and Henry Beaufort Duke of Somerset ' had the chief command. King Edward having also assembled a body of about forty thousand troops, left London on March J 2, and by easy journies came to Pomfret, where he rested, detaching the Lord Fitz-Walter to secure the pass at Ferrybridge, upon the river Are. The Earl of Northumberland," desirous of revenging the death of his father and brothers, was well prepared to receive Jiis enemies; and leaving King Henry, his Queen, and son Prince Edward in the city of York for their better safety, it was re- solved, that Ferrybridge was, at any hazard, to be recovered; and the enterprize was committed to John Lord Clirrbrd ; who, with a competent number of light horsemen, departing early from the army on Saturday before Palm-Sunday, made such expedition,'1 that he gained the bridge and slew the guard. The Lord Fitz- \Yalter, hearing the noise, rose out of his bed, as did the bastarcl 1 Hall's Chron folio 183. a Carte's Hist. b Hall's Chron. folio 184. a. c Ibid, folio 1 84. b. < Ibid folio 185 a. e Life of Edw. IV. in Hist, of Eng. vol i. p. 431. f Hall's Chron- folio 186. a- « Ibid. Ib'4 2Q6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. of Salisbury, brother to Richard Ncvil Earl of Warwick, who suspected a mutiny among their soldiers, and were encountered and slain. Thereupon King Edward thinking loss of time might en- danger the rest of his forces, resolved to bring his fortune imme- diately to the trial of a battle ; and judging the passage of Ferry- bridge impossible to be speedily regained, he ordered William Nevil Lord Fauconburg, to pass the river with the vanguard, three miles above it, at Castlefordj accordingly that Nobleman, near Towton, attacking the Lord Clifford, encompassed him, and slew him. Next day, being Palm-Sunday, March 29, 1461, both armies were in sight of each other, between Saxton and Towton, when there ensued ' the most bloody and decisive battle fought between the houses of Lancaster and York,k in which the latter was finally victorious. The Earl of Northumberland led the vanguard, and there being a snow in the northern men's faces, whereby they could not discern how they shot, he1 led his forces on to charge sword in hand; and a bloody conflict continued for ten hours, in doubtful victory; in which it may be reckoned the Earl was killed, though how he was slain is not mentioned. Hall says of him,m That " he was in lusty youth, and of frank courage." In the parliament held on November 4 following, he was attainted," with King Henry VI. Margaret his Queen, Edward called Prince of Wales.; and the King conferred the Earldom of Northumber- land on John Nevil, Lord. Montagu,0 brother to Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, by letters patent, dated at York, May 28, 1463, 3 Edw. IV. The said Henry, third Earl of Norihumberland, had issue, by Eleanor his wife, heiress of Poynings, before mentioned,? (who died 11 November, 12 Edw. IV. 1474.) 1 one son, Henry Percy, fourth Earl of Northumberland; and three daughters, who are arranged here in the order in r which they are mentioned in his will, which is dated November 1, 36 Hen. VI. (1458.) being at that time all three unmarried, viz. first, Eleanor Percy, afterwards wife of Reginald West, Lord Delawar; second, Margaret Percy, wife of Sir William Gascoigne, Knt. of Gauthorpe in Yorkshire, Knt. by whom she had issue Sir William Gascoigne, and other I Hall's Chron, folio 186. b. k Ibid folio 187 a. i Ibid. m Chron. folio 186. a. r Cotton's Records, p 669, 670. 0 Pat 4 Edw IV. p. 1. m. 10. p Vincent, p. 380, and Chiting, MS. * From Mr Butler's Collections. rEx Original, penes Due Nonhumbr. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 children; one of whom was Anne, married to Sir Thomas Fairfax* of Walton in Yorkshire, Knight of the Bath (who was grandson to William Fairfax, by Catharine Neville, that married to her second husband Sir Richard Percy, son to the second Earl of Northumberland.) This Lady Margaret appears to have married a second husband, who was grandson or nephew of an Earl Douglas; for she seems to be the person meant in the following article referred to in Rymer's Foedera, (in the MS. articles at the end of Tom. IX. p. 83.) Anno 2 Ric. III. (1485.) De Margareta Percy, alias Douglas, Nepte Comit. Douglas, indigena facta. She probably had lost her privileges of an Englishwoman by marrying a foreigner : third, Elizabeth Percy, wife of Henry Lord Scrope of Bolton. Hbnry Percy, fourth Earl of Northumberland, only son and heir of the preceding third Earl, being in his minority when his father was slain, A. D. 1461, was kept in the Tower of London till October 27, 1469, 9 Edw. IV.1 when the King having at length determined to restore him to the honours and estates of his illustrious ancestors, caused him to come before him in his palace of Westminster personally: and there this young Noble- man did, in the presence of Thomas Bourchier Cardinal and Arch- bishop of Canterbury, Richard Duke of Gloucester, and of many nobles and others, take the following oath: Soveraigne Lord, I Henry Percy becom youre subjette and liegeman : and promyt to God and You, that hereafter I Feyth and Trouth shall bere to You, as my soveraigne liege Lorde, and to youre Heires, Kynges of England, of Lyfe and Lymme, and of erthely Worsheppe, for to ly ve and dye, ayenst all erthely People : And to Youe, and to youre Commaundementes, I shall be obei- saunt, as God me help, and his hole Evangelistes." Whereupon the King, by word of mouth, in the presence of the aforesaid Lords, discharged John Lord Duddeley Constable of the Tower, from the further custody of the said Henry Percy; who was soon after restored to the title and dignity of Earl of Northumberland, &c. Yet the reversal of his father's attainder is not entered in the rolls of parliament till 12 and 13 Edw. IV. u (1472, and 73) where in his petition to be restored in blood he stiles himself only H Henry Percy, Knyght, first begotten son of * Thoresby's Antiq. of Leeds, p. 67, 68. * Rymer, vol.xi p. 648. u Rolls of Pari, vol vi- p 16. 298 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND, Henry Percy, late Erie of Northumberland." This makes it pro- bable that the petition of this young Lord, and the reversal of his father's attainder, are misplaced under a wrong year, and ought to have been inserted in the rolls of an earlier date ; which the great confusion of the kingdom, and the manifest defects in all public records about that time,x will easily account for. Leland informs us,>' that the King suspecting the fidelity of John Lord Montagu, whom he had created Earl of Northumber- land, had privately incited the people of the north to desire the restoration of this young Henry Percy, knowing his great interest there, whereby he might be a competitor against him. But that the Lord Montagu might not complain, he created him (on re- resigning z his patent of Earl of Northumberland) Marquis of Montagu, or Montacute, by letters patent, dated March 2o, 14/0, JO Ed w. IV. Nevertheless, Montagu, the same year, on the revolt oi Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick, his brother, who had conceived an irreconcileable hatred to King Edward, having got together six thousand men in King Edward's name, carried them to his brother, telling them, that the King having-1 restored Percy to the earldom of Northumberland, and conferred on him the title of Marquis of Montagu, had only given him " a Pie's nest." King Edward, as aforesaid, having restored the said Henry Percy to the Earldom of Northumberland; he, the same vear (10 Edw. IV.) was constituted b Warden of the east and middle- marches towards Scotland; also, by the title of Earl of North- umberland, appointed0 one of the Commissioners to treat with others sent from James III. King of Scotland, for redressing all wrongs done to the subjects of both kingdoms. In 11 Edw. IV. he was commissioned, d on February 0, 14/2, to meet on April 25 ensuing, at Newcastle upon Tyne, to treat with Commissioners sent by the said King of Scotland about a peace, cessation of arms, or confederacy. The same year he was e constituted Justice of all the forests beyond Trent, as also Con- stable of Bamburgh-Castle; and was f sent into the north, there to reside, for the better preserving the government of those parts in peace. * Rolls of Pari, vol v p. 637. ' y Collect, vol. i. MS. p. 716. z Cart. 20 Edw. IV. n 1. » Leland's Collect- p. 720. »> Rot. Scoc 10 Edw. IV. m 3. c ibid. * Rymer, vol xi p. 733. * Pat. n Edw. III. p i.m.25. " f Ex Autog. Cleric Pells. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 299 In 12 Edw. IV. he was retained f as Warden of the east and west marches, for the term of five years from Midsummer j and was to receive 2000 marks per annum in time of peace, and in time of war 6000 marks. He was also commissioned i to meet persons deputed by James III. King of Scotland, on June 1(5 next, at Newcastle upon Tyne, or Alnewick, or such other place as he should think proper, to settle with them all matters trans- acted contrary to the truce. Likewise, in 13 Edw. IV. he was commissioned toh meet those deputed by the King of Scotland^ on September 20, at Alnwick, on the same subject. In 14 Edw. IV. 1471, he was' in k commission for guarding the east and west marches towards Scotland. And on Aug. IS, the Sovereign being in the Tower of London, proceeded to the election of two new Knights of the Garter, in his bed-chamber, when the Earl of Northumberland was elected in the stall of John Stafford Earl of Wiltshire, deceased j and at the same time was elected Guido Ubaldus Duke of Urbin, in the stall of Walter Blount Lord Mountjoy. In lrj Edw. IV. he was one of the Knights of the Garter that attended the King at Windsor, where he kept the feast of St. George in a most royal manner, and dined in public with this Earl, and others.1 In 20 Edw. IV. m the King signified to him, that notwith- standing the cessation of arms, James III. King of Scotland had invaded the towns of his liege people in the marches, burning and destroying their habitations, &c. and thereupon commissioned this Earl, and others, to muster all able bodied men, throughout the counties of York, Northumberland, Westmoreland, and Cumber- land, and to be in readiness to march against them. In 1482, 22 Edw. IV. he had the chief command, under Richard Plantagenet Duke of Gloucester, in that army which was assembled in May, and came to Alnwick in Northumberland about the beginning of July, where they drew up in battle array. n The van was led by the Earl of Northumberland, who had under his standard the Lord Scrope of Bolton, Sir John Midcileton, Sir John Dichfield, and other Knights and soldiers, to the number of six thousand seven hundred; and passing suddenly the river f RotScoc j2 Edw. IV. m 24. e Rymer, vol xi. p.778 » Ibid. p. 786. / Ibid. p. 844 to 847. JEachard's Hist. k Rot. Scoc 14 Edw. IV m- 5. 1 See Stow's Anna's, p. 429. Anstis's Regist p iy6 » Rymer, vol xii. p 117. £ seq. n Stow's Annals, p- 433. 300 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Tweed, entered the Town of Berwick ; but the castle, which had formerly been delivered to the Scots by King Henry VI. and was then under the command of Earl Bothwell, refused to surrender, upon which they laid siege to it ; and leaving there Thomas Lord Stanley, with a sufficient number of men, the Duke, and the Earl of Northumberland marched towards Edinburgh ; and en- tering therein, saved the town and inhabitants from fire and sword, at the earnest desire of the Duke of Albany, then with them. The castle of Berwick, which was thereupon delivered to the English, has been ever since in their possession. The Duke of Gloucester, to celebrate this important acquisition, made several Knights Bannerets, and simple Knights, in Hoton-Fiekl near Ber- wick, on August 22.° The Earl of Northumberland also being impowered to confer the honour of knighthood, did on the plain of Sefford at the same time make Knights Sir Marmaduke Con- stable, Sir Christopher Ward, Sir Thomas Grey, Sir Ralph Wid- rington, and Sir Thomas Tempest. In 1483, (1 Rich. III.) he had been raised to the great office of Lord High Chamberlain of England, P then vacant by the attainder of John Vere Earl of Oxford, by act of parliament, l4Edw.IV. 1475. a In 1485, 3 Rich. III. on the landing of Henry Tudor Earl of Richmond, he was summoned by King Richard r to attend him, with all the force he could raise in the north. He was accord- ingly in Bos worth -field August 22, 1485 j 8 but probably dis- gusted by the cruelties of that bloody monarch, he is said to have acted a neutral part, and kept his forces from engaging at all in the battle,1 wherein Richard was slain. "Hereupon (as Hallu informs us) he was incontinently received into favour, and made one of the council to King Henry VII." When that Prince,* after his coronation, journied towards the north, he was met by this Earl of Northumberland, in Bernsdale in Yorkshire, attended by thirty- three Knights, besides Esquires ; and proceeding to York, the Sheriffs and a great company met the King and the Earl there. In 1489, he fell a victim to the avarice of King Henry VII. • Jekyll's Cat. of Knights, MS penes meips. p Dug Bar. I. p. 282- Pat. 1 Rich III. p x. «i Dug. Bar. I. p. 197. Rolls of Pari. VI p. 144. r Polydor.Virg. p. 561. n 20. * Ibid p 564 n 10. Euck's Life of Rich. III. in Hist, of England, vol i p 512, 541, 542. » Chron Life of Rich. III. fol. 57. b. * MS. Julius, B. ia, in Bibl. Cotton. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 301 For in that, year, (4 Hen. VII.) the parliament had granted the King a subsidy for carrying on the war in Bretagne. This tax was found so heavy in the north, that the whole country was in a flame. The Earl of Northumberland, then Lord Lieutenant, y wrote to inform the King of the discontent, and praying an abatement. z But nothing is so unrelenting as avarice : the King wrote back, that not a penny should be abated. a This message being delivered by the Earl with too little caution to the populace, who had come in a tumultuous manner to complain of the grievance j they supposed him to be the pro- moter of their calamity, and instantly breaking into his house, murdered him and several of his attendants, at his house at Cock- Lodge, near Thirske in Yorkshire, on the Day of St. Vitalis the Martyr, April 28, 1439. Skelton wrote an Elegy on his death, which is printed in the Reliques of Ancient English Foetry, vol. i. p. 95. 3d ed. He had a most costly funeral in Beverly Minster, of which Peck has printed a bill of the charges in his Desiderata Curiosa, Lib. VII. No. VI. and though part of the expences are not spe- cified, the particulars there enumerated amount to 1510/. Sd. of the money of that age, which in modern valuation would now be 12,080/. 5 s. Ad. He had also a very magnificent monument erected to his memory in Beverley Minsterj some vestiges of which still remain : but that erected in the same church to his Countess is still extant in the highest preservation, and is one of the most beautiful sepulchral monuments in this kingdom. Dug- dale has a memorandum, b that the grave of this Lady in the said church of Beverly being on some occasion opened, 15 September 1678, (near two hundred years after her death) " her body was found in a fair coffin of stone, embalmed, and covered with cloth of gold} and on her feet slippers embroidered with si Ike; and therewith a wax lampe, a candle, and plate candlestick." By this Lady, who was Maud, daughter of William Herbert, first Earl of Pembroke, the fourth Earl of Northumberland had issue four sons and three daughters. The sons were, First, Henry Algernon Percy, who succeeded his father in his honours, and was filth Earl of Northumberland. * Pqlyd.Virg. p. 579. z Reliques of Ant. Engl Poetry, I. p. 95. 3d Ed. a Compl Hist of Engl- voli. p. 595. b MS. Additions to his Baronage in the Library of the Dean and Chapter at Worcester. 302 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Second, Sir William Percy, Knt. who was one of the com- manders at Flodden-Field, and contributed to the decisive victory gained there over the Scots, September 9, 151 3. b He was after- wards appointed steward of the lordship and manors of Pock- lington and Cat ton, &c. by grant from the Earl his brother, dated at his castle of Wressil, 23 April, 18 Hen. VIII. c (1527.) He was also appointed Master Forester of the lordship of Lecken- field by a patent from the Earl his nephew, dated at his manor of TopclifY, 7 January, 20 Hen. VJII.d (152.9.) The last mention made of him is by Speed the historian, e who gives his name among those of the principal northern gentlemen that were con- cerned in the insurrection under Sir Robert Aske in 1536, called The Pilgrimage of Grace, for which his nephew Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. was afterwards executed, as we shall see below. As for Sir William Percy, whether he died during the insurrection, or by what means he escaped the fate of his nephew, is not re- corded ; nor is it mentioned that he ever married, or had issue. Third, Alan Percy, Clerk 3 who was appointed the first master of St. John's College in Cambridge, then newly founded, July 29, 15l6,f but resigning his charge two years afterwards, became Warden of the Holy Trinity College, at Arundel in Sussex, which he and his brethren surrendered into the King's hands 12 Sep- tember, 36 Hen. VIII. s (1545.) He was a great benefactor to the city of Norwich, where his portrait is still preserved in their Guildhall, as the Editor is informed. Fourth, Josceline Percy, youngest son; who, as well as his brother Alan, was at first employed in some of the offices for ma- naging the Earl's estates in Northumberland,11 but he soon ob- tained a very opulent fortune by marrying (soon after the death of his father) Margaret, daughter and sole heir of Walter Frost of Beverley and Featherston in com. Ebor. Esq.' who was seised of the manors of Nevvland, Walton, Fetherston, Heke and Hen- sail, with their appurtenances, in com. Ebor. and of divers mes- suages, lands, &c. in Fetherston, Aikton, Heke, Hensall, Arke- sey, Pollington, Yldsthorp, Beverley, Eske, &c. the said Josceline died 8 September, 1532,k leaving issue by Margaret his wife h RidpauYs Border Hist. p. 491, &c. Battle of Floddon, by Robert Lambe, 1774, izrno. P- 7*> st. 317. (Vid. st. ji, Sec.) c Book of Grants, B. ir. $ fol 36 penes Due. Northumb. < Ibid. e Speed's Hist, sub ann. 1536. 'Ex privat Informat * Rymer, XV. p 68. * Evidences at Sion passim. 5 Inquis. Com. Ebor. 24 Hen. VIII. No. 67. Mr. Butler's Collect, $egar*s Baronage. k Ibid. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 303 (who died 15 November 1530,) 1 one son, named Edward Percy, who was aged eight years and upwards at his father's dtath. The said Edward Percy of Beverley, &c. Esq. who was born about 1524, married Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Thomas Waterton of Walton in com. Ebor. Knt.m and died 22 Sept. n 32 Eliz. (1590.) leaving issue, besides a daughter, (who was wife of John Berney, Esq. of Dale Bank, in com. Ebor.) two sons, viz, first, Alan Percy, his eldest son and heir, who was found by in- quisition to be thirty years and upwards at his father's death}0 second, Thomas Percy, who was auditor to the ninth Earl of Northumberland, as.d Constable of Alnwick Castle, p He is be- lieved to be the Percy concerned in the gunpowder conspiracy in 1605 ; on the detection of which he fled to the borders of Wor- cestershire, and was there shot dead, leaving issue, from whom the Percys of Cambridge (now extinct) derived their descent. The eldest son of Edward, viz. Alan Percy of Beverley, Esq. who was born in or before 1560, married circ. 1578, 1 Mary, daughter of Robert More of Bewick in Holderness, Esq. and had issue, first, Josceline Percy, his eldest son and heirj second, Ed- ward Percy, Esq. who died 27 August 1630, aged 32, as appears from his epitaph at Petworth in Sussex, which mentions that he had been by profession a soldier; also a daughter Frances, wife of James, second son of Ralph Ellerker r of Risby Park, in com. Ebor. Esq. The said Alan Percy, Esq. was one of the represen- tatives of Beverley in parliament anno 1 Jam. I.9 (1603.) and pro- bably died soon after. His eldest son and heir, Josceline Percy of Beverley, Esq. ap- pears to have been resident in the family of his kinsman the ninth Earl of Northumberland, in l605,1 to whom he was probably ward or page, which was thought at that time the best situation to form the manners, and complete the education of a young gen- tleman. He is called in a MS. " " Joscelyn Percy of Beverley, Esq. now living 1637." He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Fitz- Wiiliams of Cliseby in com. Ebor. Esq.x and had issue two sons,y 1 fnquii. Com. Ebor. 24 Hen. VIII. No. 67. Mr. Butler's Collect, Se- gal's Baronage. m Segar's Baronag. " Inquis a. 32 Eliz. 34 Ebor Edri Percy, Rolls Chapel. 0 Ibid. p From the Evidences at Sion-house- q Inquis. a 32 Eliz 34 Ebor. Edri Percy. r Ex privat. Informat. s Browne Willis, a 1 Jac I. 1 From the Collection of Letters of Hen. IX Earl. u MS penes Edit. * Segar's Baronag. y Ibid- 304 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. viz. first, Alan Percy, and second, Charles Percy, (who both died without issue, as it should seem, soon after the restoration, by which this branch of the Percy family became extinct j) and one daughter, Eleanor Percy, who was married to William Farrand of West Hall near Addingham, in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, Esq.y But to return. Besides the four sons above-mentioned, the said Henry, fourth Earl of Northumberland, had three daughters, viz. First, Eleanor Percy, wife of Edward Stafford Duke of Buck- ingham, who was beheaded I'J May 1521 5 z a shock which she survived but a few years, as should seem from her will, which is dated 24 June, 1528. a Second, Anne Percy, who was first wife of William Fitz- Alan Earl of Arundel, whom she married in or before 1 5 1 1 j b and by whom she had issue Henry his successor, and two daughters. Third, Elizabeth Percy, who died young. We now return to the eldest son. Henry Algernon Percy, fifth Earl of Northumber- land, was born January 13, 1477-8, c and was only eleven years old at the death of his father in 1489 > vetJ ni me preceding year, on November 21, 1488, 5 Hen. VII. d he was the first created Knight of the Bath, with Arthur Prince of Wales 5 the King honouring the solemnity with his presence. In 1497, 12 Hen. VII. he was one of the chief commanders e of the King's forces in the battle of Blackheath, on June 22, against James Touchet Lord Audley, and his adherents 5 and the year after, f had a special livery of his lands. In 18 Hen. VII. on the marriage of the Princess Margaret to James IV. King of Scotland, King Henry, on June 30, brought her from Richmond » to Coli- Weston, in Northamptonshire, on her way, and then consigned her to the Earl of Northumberland, Warden of the marches j who, with a great company of Lords, Knights, &c. accompanied her, till she came to Berwick, and from thence to a village called Lamberton, in Scotland, where King James, with his Nobles, were ready to receive her, to whom the Earl delivered the Princess, according to his commission. y Segar's Baronag. z Dug. Bar. I p. 171. ■ Ibid. b Ibid p. 324. c Preface to the Earl of Northumberland's Household Book, 1770, 8vo, p. xx. d Anstis, pred. p 41, 42, 43. * Ex Autog penes Cleric. Pells ♦ Pat. 13 Hen. VII p. 1. r Bacon's Life of Hen. VII. in Hist, of Engl. vol. i. p. 629 and Hall's Chron. fol 56. a.&b. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 305 The Scots were very richly apparelled ; but above all other, the Earl of Northumberland, as Hall writes, exceeded them, " in the richness of his coat, being goldsmith's work, garnished with pearl and stones ; and for the costly apparel of his henxmen, and gal- lant trappers of their horses, besides four hundred tall men, well horsed, and apparelled in his collars ; he was esteemed both of the Scots and Englishmen more like a Prince than a subject." He had also with him h his officer of arms, named Northumber- land Herald, arrayed in his livery of velvet, being his surcoat of arms. For a more particular account of the gallant show exhi- bited on this occasion, one of the most splendid in that age, the reader may consult Halts Chronicle, where it is described at large j as also in the curious additions to the last impression of LelancTs Collecta?ieay vol. iv. and in the Appendix to Drakes History of York, folio, p. xviii. King Henry VII. honoured him ' with the most Noble Order of the Garter ; and his plate is yet remaining the fifth k in the sixteenth stall, in St. George's Chapel at Windsor. But the exact time of his election does not appear, the register being im- perfect from the eighth year to the fourteenth year of that King; when he attended at a chapter held at Windsor; and his name constantly occurs in the annals afterwards. At the accession of King Henry VIII. he was employed again as warden of the marches towards Scotland; and was present1 with the King, in the first year of his reign, at a chapter of the most noble Order of the Garter, held at Greenwich; also, in 2 Hen. VIII. at a chapter held there, the King present. He was afterwards with the King, on August 18, engaged, in what is called, by our historians, The Battle of Spurs, from the swiftness of the French in running away. In 14 Henry VIII. on a suspicion of an invasion from Scot- land, the King sent for this Earl, and made him Warden of the whole marches, which he thankfully accepted, and so departed Lord Warden. But he soon after,m for some reason or other, made suit to resign his charge, for which he was censured by the martial inhabitants of the northern counties; and the Earl of Surry was made General -Warden. This Earl of Northumberland appears to have been a noble- * A nstis's History of the Garter, p-4Ji» 43*. i Ashmole's Order of the Garter, P713. k History of Windsor, and Chapel of St. George, p. 300. 1 Anstis's Register, p. 271, 273. » Hall's Chron- fol. 105 b. VOL. II. X 306 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. man of great magnificence and taste; and a generous patron of learning and genius. Of the former we have strong proofs, not only in the splendour of his equipment, above-mentioned, when he attended the Queen of Scotland; but in the very noble monu- ments he erected in Beverley Minster to his father and mother : these are executed in the finest style of Gothic architecture, and remain to this day lasting proofs of his love and taste for the arts, as well as of his generosity and filial piety. He appears also to have been a great promoter of learning, and was a liberal patron of such genius as that age produced. This was the more to his honour, as perhaps at no period of time his brother Peers in general were more illiterate. He encouraged Skelton, the only professed poet of that age, who wrote an Elegy on the death of his father." But he gave still more disinterested proofs of his regard for learning, by affording a salary to a professor to teach grammar and philosophy to the monks of Alnwick Abbey; the particulars of which establishment may be seen at large in War- ton's History of English poetry, vol. ii. ° who has bestowed a very just and high encomium on this noble Mecaenas of dawning lite- rature. The system of his domestic oeconomy is handed down to us in a very curious volume, which his Grace the late Duke of Northumberland had printed for the entertainment of the curious, under the following title, " The Regulations and Establishment of the Household of Henry Algernon Percy, the Fifth Earl of North- umberland, at his Castles of Wresil and Leckinfeld in Yorkshire, legun M.D.XII. London, printed 1770, 8vo." Besides the great merit of this book, as containing a System of Ancient (Economics, and affording a valuable Supplement to the Chronicon Pretiosum; it is particularly interesting, and valuable for the curious Picture it exhibits of Ancient Manners, p Here we see the great magni- ficence of our old nobility, who, seated in their castles, lived in a state and splendour very much resembling, and scarce inferiour, to that of the Royal Court. Their household was established upon the same plan; their officers bore the same titles; and their war- rants ran in the same form and stile. As the King had his privy council and great council of parliament, to assist him in enacting statutes and regulations for the public weal ; so the Earl of North- umberland had his council, composed of his principal officers, by whose advice and assistance he established this Code of (Economic « See Reliques of Ancient Engish Poetry, vol i Book I. Poem IX. « ?• 338. p See the Preface to the Houshold Book, p vi. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 30? Laws. As the King had his Lords and Grooms of the bed- chamber, who waited in their respective turns 5 so the Earl of Northumberland was attended by the constables and bailiffs of his several castles, &c. who entered into waiting in regular succes- sion. All the head officers of his household were gentlemen, both by birth and office 3 such as the Comptroller, Clarke of the kitchen, Chamberlain, Treasurer, &c. the table where they sat being called the Knights'-Board. The number of Priests that were kept in this great household were not fewer than eleven 5 at the head of whom presided a Doctor or Batchelor of Divinity, as dean of the chapel. Under him were a complete establishment of singing-men, choristers, &c. for his chapel ser- vice. But to enter into all the particulars of the volume in ques- tion, would far exceed the limits of this article; it will therefore be sufficient just to mention, that the establishment is for two hundred and twenty-three persons daily, and the money annually expended in house-keeping is 1118/. 17 s. 8d. which, according to the present value of money, would be 895 1 /. Is. Ad. For the Editor of the Household Book hath proved to demonstration, that the value of money then, compared to what it is at present, was, at least, in proportion as eight to onejP and perhaps in some respects it ought to be estimated higher. But to return to our history. The fifth Earl of Northumberland departed this life May 19, 1527, 19 Hen. VIII. * and was buried at Beverley in Yorkshire. He married Catharine, r daughter and coheir of Sir Robert Spencer, Knt. of Spencer Combe in Devonshire, by the Lady Eleanor his wife, who was daughter, and at length coheir, of Edmund Beau- fort Duke of Somerset3 (being sister, at length coheir, to Henry and Edmund Dukes of Somerset) l by Eleanor his wife, daughter and heir of Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick. u The said Edmund Beaufort was great grandson of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster. By the said Catharine, Henry fifth Earl of North- umberland had issue three sons and two daughters, x viz. p Hume, in his History, has estimated it at only six to one, which is just one-fourth below its true value ; and under this mistake, endeavours to ridi- cule and depreciate the whole establishment. See his History, vol. iii. Note O. Edit. 1773. ^ From the Inquisition taken at his death. r Vincent upon Brooke, Dugdale, &c. » Ibid. 1 Ibid. « Ibid * Ibid. 308 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. First, Henry Fcrcy, eldest son and heir, sixth Earl of North- umberlandj who was knighted circ. 15 IQJ Second, Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. who held several commis- sions under the Earl his brother, and was Receiver of his revenue in the south parts of Northumberland ; z where he lived much honoured and respected} sometimes residing at Newburn-Hal), till the year 1536, when he unfortunately was involved in Aske's rebellion, commonly called the Pilgrimage of Grace, being one of the principal gentlemen appointed to treat on the part of the disaffected with the Duke of Norfolk at Doncaster:a and though an accommodation took place, and the King published a general pardon, b in order to amuse and disperse the insur- gents, no sooner had they laid down their arms, but he found pretexts to seize on some of their principal leaders, and among the rest on this Sir Thomas Percy, whom he caused to be ar- raigned at Westminster, before Henry Courtney Marquis of Exeter, then appointed High Steward,0 where, receiving sen- tence of death, he was executed at Tyburn, in June 1537, along with several other gentlemen of his party, and was afterwards attainted. <* He married Eleanor, daughter of Guiscard, or, (as his name was written in Northumberland) Wycherd, or Wygerde Har- bottle of Beamish in the county of Durham, Esq. who deceased in 1516, e being son and heir of Sir Ralph Harbottle, Knt. by Margaret his wife, who is mentioned above, f and appears to be daughter of Sir Ralph Percy, Knt. This Eleanor Lady Percy was (together with her sister, 8 who married Fitton, Esq. of Cheshire) coheiress to her brother George Harbottle, Esq.'1 (who, although he married Margaret daughter of Ralph third Lord Ogle, left no issue, » and probably died young, as he was still a minor in 1525.) k She, after the death of her first husband, was about 1541 married secondly, to Sir Richard Holland of Denton, y Evidences at Sion, C. III. No. 5. a. p. 15. * Ibid. C. VI. No. 5 b.&c passim. a Speed's Hist. &c b Dated at Richmond, Dec. 9, 1536 c Herbert's History of Henry VIII. This Marquis of Exeter was after- wards executed for high-treason himself. <» Ibid Vicl. also Stow, Speed, Carte, &c. « Evidences at Sion-House, temp. Hen. VI II. f Pag. 363. c Mr. Butlor's Collections. »» Sion Evid. temp. Hen- VIII. 1 Ibid. k Ibid. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 309 in com. Lancast. Knt.1 who, (dying without issue by her) in the beginning of April 1548,m she continued a widow till her death in 1567, n having had issue by Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. her first hus- band, three sons, viz. first, Thomas Percy, born in 1528, ° who was restored in blood by Queen Mary, and became seventh Earl of Northumberland; second, Henry Percy, who succeeded his brother, and became eighth Earl of Northumberland; third, Guiscard Perey, who died in his infancy, p She had also by the said Sir Thomas Percy, one daughter Mary, *> who was wife of Sir Francis Slingsby, Knt. of Scriven near Knaresborough in York- shire (by whom she had nine sons and three daughters:)1" to whom Vincent s adds two other daughters of Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. (although the Editor hath not found any mention of them in the writings of the Northumberland family,) viz. second, Ca^ tharine, wife of Ralph Rither; third, Joan, married to Arthur Harris of Prittlewell in £ssex. l But to return to the issue of the fifth Earl, Third, Sir Ingelram, or Ingram Percy, Knt. third son of Henry fifth Earl of Northumberland, was receiver of the revenue of the Earl his brother in the northern parts of the county of Northumberland. u He never married, but died about the latter end of the year 1538, leaving only an illegitimate daughter, to whom in his Will x he " bequeaths twenty pounds, the whichc twenty pounds he wills the lady his mother shall have the use thereof, with the Child, until she be of lawful age. He also be* 1 From the Deed of Feofment relating to said marriage, penes Due Northumb. m From Orig. Papers relating to this Dame Eleanor Percy, penes Due. Northumb. " Ibid. ° His picture at Petworth is inscribed thus, u Altatis sua? 38. Anno. Dom. 1566, Decg." p This is proved by the total silence concerning this Guiscard, in the bills, &c relating to the board and education of his two brothers, Thomas and Henry, preserved among the papers of Dame Eleanor Percy, their mother, mentioned above, penes Due. Northum. They had been educated at Liverpool .• a weak proof \ though a presumption ! 4 Ibid. Segar's Baronage, MS. penes Edmondson, calls her Margaret, sole daughter of Thomas Percy, &c. and refers to the Epitaph on the monument of her son Sir William Slingsby in Knaresborough. r Collins's Baronetage, vol. v. p«^42. * Baronag No. 20. in Coll. Arm. Lond. 1 For this last, Vincent (ubi supra) refers to a Visitation in Com. Essex, p. 12$. « Evid- at Sion, C. VI. No 5. b, and c, passim. » In Prerogative Court of Canterbury, (xxvi Dingley, 6.) 310 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. quethes to the Moder of the said Childe twenty nobles." y Th'ra will, which is dated J June 1538, and the probat 21 March fol- lowing} z and which, besides the above, only contains legacies to his servants, a plainly shews that he was never married, and left no legitimate issue j although Percy the Trunkmaker in temp. Car. II. pretended to derive his descent and claim to the earldom of Northumberland from this Sir Ingram Percy, Knight. His natural daughter, above-mentioned, who was named Isabel, be- came wife of Henry Tempest of Broughton in Com. Ebor. b Fourth, Margaret Percy, eldest daughter of Henry fifth Earl of Northumberland, was wife of Henry Lord Clifford, first Earl of Cumberland, c to whom she was married cir. 151C).d Fifth, Matilda, or Maud Percy, second daughter, died young, unmarried. e Catherine, Countess to the fifth Earl of Northumberland, by her testament, bearing date October 14, A. D. 1542, (34 Hen. VIII.) bequeathed her body to be buried at Beverley, in the tomb of the late Earl her husband} and likewise gave unto Sir Robert Gell, her Chaplain, her lease at Wilberfosse, to sing mass yearly for her and her husband's souls. f She was buried Oct. 19. 8 We come now to their eldest son. Henry Algernon Percy, sixth Earl of Northumberland, succeeded to all the hereditary honours and titles of his family in 1527. Previous to which, in the life-time of his father, he had been an attendant on Cardinal Wolsey, according to the usage of that age, when the greatest nobility were glad to place their sons under prelates of that eminence, both for their education, and to be introduced into public life. While this young Lord was in the Cardinal's family, and frequently attended him to the court, he conceived a strong passion for the beautiful, but unfortunate, Anne Boleyn, then one of the Maids of Honour to Queen Ca- tharine} into whose service she entered in her twentieth year, being newly come from France, where she had received her edu- cation. '* So that (as Lord Herbert relates) the Lord Percy, at all times when he repaired to court, in the train of the Cardinal, r Ex Originali. ibid. z Ibid. * Ibid. h Segar's MS. Baronag. penes Edmondson. Vincent, No. ?o. in Coll. Arm. &c. « Vincent upon Brooke. " Sion Evid. C. III. No. 5. a. p. 15, « Peeris Metr. Hist. ' Dugdale'Bar. I p. 283. « Mr. Butler's Collect. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 811 iras continually paying his addresses to her, till at last he obtained her good-will to marriage j h whereupon, the same historians ob- serves, •• That in what kind soever the King's affection might manifest itself, she was not so satisfied with it as to relinquish so advantageous an offer as the Lord Percy, nor that Lord aware, that he was opposed by so puissant a rival. But their courtship coming to the ears of the King, who found himself in danger of losing a beauty whom he had contemplated so long that she was become his dearest object, the Cardinal was ordered to dissuade the Lord Percy from any further thoughts of marrying that Lady: and thereupon, Wolsey both violently dehorts the Lord Percy from the Lady, and used all arts to insinuate himself into her fa- vour. But Mrs. Boleyn, whether she were ignorant, as yet, how much the King loved her, or howsoever had rather be that Lord's, wife than a King's mistress, took very ill, of the Cardinal, his unseasonable interruption of her marriage. The Cardinal, also fearing the revenges of that sex, and being unwilling to come to sharper terms with the Lord Percy than he had already used, desires the King to write to the Earl of Northumberland to come up j alledging there was no such way to preserve the gentle- woman for himself, and to conceal his love, as to use a cunning dissuasion of the marriage ; whereby also the Earl might be in- duced to interpose his fatherly authority for dissolving of the match. Hereupon the Earl repairing to the court, he so checked his son, that fear of displeasing his father became his predominant passion j the apprehension of the .King's displeasure having wrought that impression in the Earl, that he would take no denial or excuse on his son's part, till he had made him renounce all pretences to her ; which also he urged so far, as at length his son consented to marry the Earl of Shrewsbury's daughter. But the hatred which Mrs. Anne Boleyn conceived against the Cardinal concluded not soj nor indeed could it ever end, till she had pro- cured his final ruin." As for the Lord Percy, who, on the death of his father, be- came Earl of Northumberland, he in ig Hen. VIII. had livery | of all the lands descended to him as heir to his said fatherj and in the 21st of Hen. VIII. k was present in the parliament then held. He was also one of the Lords that1 exhibited to the King h Herbert's Hist, of Hen. VIII in Hist.of Eng vol. ii. p. 122. 1 Pat. 19 Hen V 1 1 1 p. 1. k Rymer, vol. xir. p. 302. 1 Lord Herbert's Life of Hen. V 1 1 1 . in Hist, of Eng vol ii. p. 129. 312 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. divers articles of misdemeanors committed by Cardinal Wolsey j whom he could never pardon for having violated his first and most tender affection ; and who had, indeed, in other respects, treated him with great harshness and disregard. m In 1530, 22 Hen. VIIL he was one of the great men,n who, in their letter, dated July 13, represented to Pope Clement VII. That having a long time expected in vain his answer touching the marriage of the King, " They can make no other construc- tion of this delay, but that the care of themselves is committed to their own hands, and that they are left to seek remedy elsewhere." This representation drew an answer from the Pope j wherein he told them,0 " there were many expressions in their letter he could not have thought well of, did he not wholly impute them to the great duty and tender affection they bore to the King, &c." On November 4, 1530, the Earl of Northumberland, p Warden of the marches, with Sir Walter Walsh, gentleman of the King's privy-chamber, went by his Majesty's command to Cawood- Castle, near York, to arrest Cardinal Wolsey ; wherein (as Lord Herbert writes) he used such diligence and secrecy, that he had placed his guards in the hall before any escaped to advertise him thereof. Neither did the Cardinal, at the Earl's coming up stairs, receive him in other terms than those of a guest, till entering into a private chamber together, the Earl, in a low and faltering voice, arrested him for high -treason. The dismayed and pensive Car- dinal stayed a while before he answered, but recovering his spirits, demanded sight of the Earl's commission, protesting, that other- wise he would not obey; urging, that he was a member of the college of Cardinals at Rome, and so exempt from all Princes' ju- risdiction. But the Earl refusing to shew his commission, and Sir Walter Walsh (who had arrested Dr. Augustine, the Cardinal's physician) coming in, and confirming what the Earl had said, the Cardinal yielded to Sir Walter Walsh, as the King's servant, and not to the Earl ; to whom he said he would not submit himself before he was better satisfied of his authority. Hall, who lived in Henry VIII's time, gives this account r* That the Earl, in dispute with him, said, " When I was sworn Warden of the marches, you yourself told me, that I might with my staff arrest all men under the degree of a King; and now I m Sec the notes to the fifth Earl of Northumberland's Household Book, p. 429. > Rymer, vol. xiv. p. 405, & seq. 0 Lord Herbert's Life of Hen. VIII. p. 145, 146. * Ibid. p. 147. I Vide his Chronicle, fol. 194. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 313 am stronger, for I have a commission so to do, which you have seen." On that the Cardinal obeyed, and was kept in his private chamber till November 6, when he was conveyed from Cawood to Sheffield-Castle, and delivered by the Earl of Northumberland to George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury. For this act of the Earl of Northumberland, Fiddes, in his Life of Cardinal Wolsey, hath taxed him with ingratitude; but the Earl was under no particular obligation to the Cardinal. On St. George's day, 1631, 23 Hen. VIII. at a chapter of the Garter held at Greenwich, the r Sovereign present, it was resolved that an election should be made of a new companion, to be sub- stituted instead of Thomas Grey Marquis of Dorset deceased; and the day following the Earl of Northumberland was by the general consent elected into that most noble society, the King ordering the Garter and George, with the other badges, to be delivered to him. After that it was declared he should be installed on May 7, at Windsor. On the divorce of Queen Anne Boleyn, by act of parliament, in 28 Henry VIII. being sent to, he denied any pre-contract with her, and wrote to Secretary Cromwell the following letter.3 * Master-secretary, This shall be to signify unto you, that I perceive, by Sir Raynold Carnaby, that there is supposed a pre- contract to be between the Queen and me. Whereupon I was not only heretofore examined, upon mine oath, before the Arch- bishop of Canterbury and York, but also received the blessed Sa- crament upon the same, before the Duke of Norfolk, and other, the King's Highness council learned in the spiritual law; assuring you, Mr. Secretary, by the said oath and blessed body, which afore I received, and hereafter intend to receive, that the same may be my damnation if ever there were any contract, or promise of marriage between her and me. At Newington-green, the 13th day of May, in the 2:8th year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King Henry VHIth, Your assured, H. Northumberland." To return to the sixth Earl of Northumberland. He married Mary, daughter of George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury,1 as we have seen above, rather in obedience to his father than from affection to the Lady. Nor did the marriage prove happy, for she was delivered of a dead child; u nor had ever any issue that r Anstis, vol. i. p. 384, 5. * Lord Herbert's Hist, and MS. Vincent upon Brooke, &c. u From his own letters, MS. 314 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. survived.* And in the latter part of his life, he lived in a state of separation from her;v drooping with a broken constitution, till the execution of his brother, and the attainder of his family, seem to have put an immediate end to his life j for he died in the very same month in which his brother was executed, at his house in Hackney, near London j and was buried in the choir of Hackney church, with this Epitaph on his tomb, which was still remaining in Weever's time.2 " Here lyeth interred Henry Lord Percy, Earl of Northum- berland, Knight of the honourable Order of the Garter > ivho died in this toiune the last of June 1537, the2Qth of Hen. the VHIthy This Earl hath been called " Henry the Unthrifty," from his having contracted debts, which, together with those of his father, amounted to six thousand marks a at his first entering on his estates, and which occasioned him afterwards to sell most of the lands in Kent, which had descended to him from the Lords Poynings, scil. the manors of Chelsfield,b North-Cray, and Rokesley,c Seaton, Ulley, and Potbery, d Otterpley,e and East- well, f #11 in the county of Kent, and probably others elsewhere. He also made grants and long leases of his other estates. But when he found the attainder of his brother and his family una- voidable, ir^ the last moments of his life he bequeathed all his estates to the King, probably by the wise forecast of some emi- nent lawyers, by whom he appears to have been directed; s in order that the great family estates, being vested in the crown, might be capable, at some future period, of being restored to his heirs j in which expectation he was not disappointed, as we shall see hereafter. However, On the death of Henry Percy sixth Earl of Northumber- land, without heirs of his own body, and by the attainder of his brother Sir Thomas, before mentioned, the Peerage of the noble House of Percy became extinct. They had the mortification to see the title of Duke of Northumberland conferred upon John Dudley Earl of Warwick, by King Edward VI. in 1551, the fifth year of his reign. But Dudley having forfeited his titles and life by x MS. I. ii. in Offic. Arm. p 65. r From papers relating to Aske's rebellion, in Chapter-House, Westm. z See Weever's Funeral Monuments. a From his own letters, MS. * Philipot's Villare Cantianum, fol. 1659. p. 110. c Ibid. p. 108. * Ibid. p. 86. e Ibid p. 97. f Ibid. p. 354. « From his own letters, MS. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 315 treason against Queen Mary in 1553; this princess, by her letters patent, dated April 30, 1557, 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, " in consideration of his noble descent, constancy, virtue, and valour, in deeds of arms, and other shining qualifications" (as the word* of the patent import) was pleased to advance Thomas Percy (son of the said Sir Thomas Percy, attainted) to the degree of a Baron, by the titles of Baron Percy of Cockermouth and retworth, Baron Poynings, Lucy, Bryan, and Fitz-Payne, with entail of those ho- nours,h to Henry, brother of the said Thomas, &c. Also, on the day following, she promoted him to the dignity ■ of Earl of Northumberland, with limitation likewise of that honour to Henry his brother, &c. She also gave k him all the lands that had been his ancestors, remaining at that time in her hands. His creation was at Whitehall, with great ceremony, eight heralds, and twelve trumpeters, going through the chamber, and through the hall. 1 Before him went the Earl of Pembroke, and the Lord Montagu, then the Earls of Arundel and Rutland, himself walking in the middle, in crimson velvet, and wore a hat of velvet, and a coronet of gold on his head. This Thomas Percy seventh Earl of Northumberland, (eldest son of Sir Thomas Percy, Knight, who was second son of Henry Percy fifth Earl and brother of Henry Percy sixth Earl) had recommended himself to Queen Mary by crushing a rebellion attempted by Thomas Stafford, m (second son to the Lord Stafford) who, with a small party, instigated by the French, had, in 155/, sailed from that kingdom, and seized on Scarborough castle j but it was without delay retaken, and the rebels seized in it, by Sir Thomas Percy, Knt. who was immediately after created Earl of Northumberland, as is above mentioned. This Earl, on August second following, viz. 4 and 5 Philip and Mary, (1557) was constituted, with Thomas Lord Wharton, jointly or severally, Wardens General of the marches of England towards Scotland, viz. in the east march; and also Captain, or Captains, of the town of Berwick upon Tweed ; with the same powers and authorities as had before been granted by Richard II. Henry IV. Henry V. Henry VI. Edward IV. Richard III. Henry VII. Henry VIII. and Edward VI. viz. To examine into all actions done contrary to the truce, and to punish delinquents 0 h Pat. 3 & 4 Phil. & Mar p io, i Pat ibid. & Rymer, vol.xv. p 463. k Holinsh. Chron p-H33 1 Strype's Memorials of Queen Mary, p 375. ■ Sandford's Geneal. Hist, p 479 fol. 31<5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. according to their demerits, by imprisonment of their bodies, or distress of lands, tenements, goods, and chattels: to take cog- nizance of all plaints, pleas, and differences as well in prisoners, spoil, and plunder, or other acts of hostility : to hold courts of wardenships, and sessions, in any part of the east marches ; to enquire after persons acting contrary to the- truce, and to pu- nish them according to the nature of the offence : to en- quire after persons holding correspondence with the enemy of the kingdom ; to hear and determine all manner of plaints, pleas, and differences, according to the law and custom of the aforesaid marches, and town of Berwick : to appoint centinels, and others . to discover all persons who should be enemies to them, or their subjects : to array and muster all men fitting to bear arms, be- tween the ages of sixteen years and sixty, within the borders of the said east march. They likewise had power jointly and seve- rally to agree to, and to make a cessation of arms from one week to another, or month to month, with the Scots: to appoint two deputies under them, and two other officers, called Warden Ser- jeants, and other Sub -officers, as they should think proper : to hold and enjoy the said office of Warden, and Captain of the town of Berwick aforesaid to the said Earl of Northumberland, and Lord Wharton, during pleasure, either by themselves or de- puties. Likewise, on August 9 following, he was11 appointed General Warden of the marches between England and Scotland, viz. the middle-march, and of Tynedale and Riddesdale, with the powers before-mentioned; also ° General Warden of the east- march, and Captain of the town of Berwick, by himself, with the same powers as with Lord Wharton, ! In the same year, he obtained a victory over the Scots, and many were taken prisoners ;P whereof he advertised the Queen, on November 18. In the first year of Queen Elizabeth, hei was constituted General Warden of the east and middle -marches towards Scot- land; and soon after, one of the Commissioners for treating of peace between England and Scotland; and concluded certain articles, wherein the boundaries of both kingdoms were settled, &c. as may be seen at large in Rymer's Fcedera, vol. xv. p. 521, & seq. The treaty was signed at Upsetlington, r on May 31, 1559, by this Thomas Earl of Northumberland, and others, ma- nagers for England. « Rymer, vol xv. p. 472, 473, 474. ° Ibid p 475, 476, 477. p Strype's Memoirs, vol iii. p. 386. n Pat 1 Eliz, p. 4. r Camden's Life of Queen Elizabeth- in Hist of England, vol. ii p 374. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 317 In 2 Eliz. on the Protestants in Scotland representing to Queen Elizabeth, ■ That from the time the Queen of Scots was married to the Dauphin [Francis II.] the face of their government was changed ; that foreign soldiers pillaged all that come to their hands ; and that the best places in the kingdom were bestowed on Frenchmen, &c. who were forming a project to seize on the government, should things happen amiss with their Queen," it was debated in council, and Sir Ralph Sadler was dispatched to the borders of Scotland,3 to advise with the Earl of Northumber- land, Warden of the middle-march, on that affair; and the Queen and council resolving to drive the French out of that kingdom, ' William Lord Grey of Wilton was made Warden of the middle and east-marches, which gave some distaste to the Earl of North- umberland : but in the fifth year of Queen Elizabeth, he was elected11 one of the Knights of the most noble Order of the Garter j and we find no further mention of him till 1568, 10 Queen Elizabeth. In that year, as Camden writes, x Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk, Henry Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel, this Earl of North- umberland, Charles Nevil Earl of Westmoreland, William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, with Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, and others, began to clamour against the Secretary Sir William Cecil, as they had done once or twice before, about the supplies sent to the Protestants of France ; though the real cause was, they envied the interest he had in the Queen, and were jealous of his favouring the house of Suffolk in the point of the succession, and were contriving to get him in the Tower. But the Queen surprised them in the very instant, and awed them out of those measures; -v and likewise defeated another plot of theirs, more closely laid, to proclaim Mary Queen of Scot- land undoubted heir to the English crown, should Queen Eliza- beth do otherwise than well. And this Earl being privy z to the intended match of Mary Queen of Scotland with the D. of Nor- folk, and having a discovered to that Duke Leonard Dacre's de- sign of getting the Queen out of her confinement at Wingfield, in Derbyshire, in custody of the Earl of Shrewsbury, he grew sensible of his danger, and b submitted himself to Thomas Rat- cliffe Earl of Sussex, at that time President of the North, and, • Camden's Life of Queen Elizabeth, in Hist, of Engl, vol ii. p. 379. * Ibid. p. 38a u Vincent, p. 384. * Camden ut supra, p 417- 7 Ibid. z Ibid p. 41 9. a Ibid. p. 420. »> Ibid. 421. 318 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. begged the favour of his mediation with the Queen on his behalf. Yet soon after, on notice of the frequent consultations of the Earls of Northumberland, Westmoreland, and others, Sussex, the Lord President, sent for them, and examined them on that head.c They flatly denied the guilt of any conspiracy, and made the most solemn asseverations, that they were ready to venture their lives for the Queen : wherefore they were discharged, and com- missioned to enquire after the spreaders of the report. However, jealousy of their behaviour increased to such a degree, that the Queen commanded the Earl of Sussex to warn them up to Lon- don, to avoid suspicion. But Sussex ordering them to meet him, to consult about the affairs of his province (on what design is hard to guess at, saith Camden) they thereupon made use of dilatory excuses at first, and soon after flatly refused to come. The Queen, hearing of it, sent them her peremptory orders to appear presently before her (all excuses and pretences apart) to the end she might either awe them out of any rebellious pursuits, or else drive them to that extreme, before they had forces ready for such a design. As soon as the Earl of Northumberland had read the Queen's letter, * between the softness of his nature (saith Camden) and the consciousness of his guilt j the bigotry of his persuasion, and the violence of his resentment for a conceived wrong done to him, in relation to a rich copper-mine found upon his estate, by virtue of the Queen's right to Royal mines j he seemed to labour under a very great suspence, whether it were best to apply to her Ma- jesty, or to seek his safety by flight, or turn rebel. His friends and servants, who were ripe for mischief and sedition, observing their master's irresolution, alarmed him [on November 14, 1560] at midnight with the surprising cry, That Oswald, Ulstrop, and Vaughan, his enemies, were ready with arms and men to take take him prisoner. They intreated him not to betray himself, his friends, and the faith of his ancestors; and represented to him, that the Catholics were ready all England over, to assert the Ro- mish religion ; and that the bells were rung backwards, almost in every parish, to encourage people to an insurrection. The Earl getting out of bed, withdrew to a lodge in his own park, near TopclirTj and the next night retired to Branspeth, a seat of the Earl of Westmoreland's, where he found a great number of people.' The multitude were amused with divers pretences, and c Camden ut supra, p. 42*. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 319 broke out into an immediate rebellion. They published a ma- nifesto, " That they took up arms with no other design than to restore the religion of their ancestors; to remove ill counsellors from the Queen ; and to obtain justice to the Duke of Norfolk, and other Lords in prison.' They likewise sent circular letters to the Roman Catholics in the kingdom : but most of these sent the letters addressed to them, together with the bearers thereof, to the Queen. However, the insurgents in the mean time erected their banner, which displayed the cross, together with the five wounds of Christ, and was borne by Richard Norton, d of Norton Con- yers, Esq. an ancient gentleman, who on this occasion distin- guished himself with his sons, among whom Christopher, Mar- maduke, and Thomas, are mentioned by Camden. Having en- tered Durham, and caused mass to be said there, they marched to Clifford -moor, near Wetherby, in the West-Riding of York- shire, where they mustered their forces, and found them to amount to four thousand foot and six hundred horse. Their in- , tention was to have advanced to York, but altering their minds, they assaulted Barnard-Castle, which was surrendered to them by Sir George Bowes, after a siege of eleven days. By that time the aforesaid Earl of Sussex was at the head of seven thousand troops; Edward Lord Clinton, had collected twelve thousand more; and the Earl of Cumberland, with Lord Scrope, commanded a nu- merous body of forces in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, which was secured by a strong garrison. The two insurgent Earls, who expended their incomes in hospitality, and were much beloved on that account, were masters of little ready money when they took the field. The Earl of Northumberland had only brought with him 8000 crowns, and the Earl of Westmoreland scarce any money at all for the support of their forces; so that they were not able to advance to London, as they had at first proposed. In these circumstances, Westmoreland began so visibly to despond, that many of his men slunk away ; but the Earl of Northumber- land still kept up his resolution, and remained master of the field till December 13, when the Earl of Sussex marched out of York with his army, which was followed by a greater under Ambrose Dudley Earl of Warwick. Northumberland and Westmoreland retreated northwards to the borders, and their followers dispersing there, they continued their route to Scotland, from whence the Earl of Westmoreland found means to convey himself to the Ne- d Ancestor of Lord Grantley. 320 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. therlands, where he died about the year 1584, and, being attainted for this insurrection, was the last of his surname who bore the title of Earl of Westmoreland. The Earl of Northumbeiland had the misfortune to be plun- dered, and otherwise ill-treated by the thievish borderers, in his way to Scotland. However, at length he reached the house of Hector Graham of Harlaw, who, having been under great obli- gations to his Lordship, engaged his honour to be true to him ; but, like a faithless wretch, for a sum of money betrayed his noble guest, in January 1570, to James Stewart Earl of Murray, who then acted as Regent, since the dethronement of the before- mentioned Queen Mary. The said Hector, who, before that act of perfidy, was rich, fell soon after into poverty, and became so infamous, that u to take Hector's cloak," was a common proverb to express a man who betrays his friend. The Earl of Northum- berland was sent to the castle of Lochleven by the Earl of Murray, who was shot at Linlithgow on the 23d of the aforesaid month of Jan. by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, in revenge of the cruelties committed by Murray on his wife. Northumberland continued prisoner in that fortress, under the custody of Sir Wil- liam Douglas, uteriue brother to the said Earl of Murray, until July 15/2, when, for a large bribe, he was delivered to Henry Carey Lord Hunsdon, Governor of Berwick, by James Douglas Earl of Morton, who, when a fugitive in England, for rebellion about six years before, had been much indebted to his Lordship's bounty and friendship, was one of the most virulent persecutors of his injured Sovereign, Queen Mary; and at last, on June 2, 1581, suffered death for being concerned in the murder of her husband Lord Darnley. This unfortunate Earl of Northumberland was, after the mis- carriage of his attempt, attainted of high-treason, and outlawed, together with his Countess, and the Earl of Westmoreland, Richard Norton, with his three sons aforesaid, Egremont RatclirT, brother to the Earl of Sussex, Edward Dacre of Morton, John Nevil of Leversage, John Swinbourne, Thomas Markenlield, Christopher Nevil, George Stafford, Robert Tempest, Michael Tempest, with about forty others of noble extraction, who had also fled. The Earl of Sussex, and Sir George Bowes, before- mentioned, Marshal of the army, exercised great barbarity upon the inferior class of insurgents and their abettors. The former caused sixty-three constables to be hanged at once at Durham; and Sir George made his boast, that for sixty miles in length, and DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 321 forty in breadth, betwixt Newcastle and Wetherby, there was hardly a town or village wherein he had not executed some of the inhabitants. The Earl of Northumberland, after his being given up to Lord Hunsdon, was conveyed to York, and beheaded e there on August 22, 1572; avowing the Pope's supremacy, affirming the realm to be in a state of schism, and those obedient to Elizabeth no better than heretics. His Countess, before- mentioned, was Anne, third daughter to Henry Somerset, second Earl of Worcester, ancestor to the Duke of Beaufort. His Lordship, by that Lady, was father of an only son, Thomas Percy, who died young, A. D. 1560, and was buried at Leckingfield in Yorkshire : and also of four daughters, first, Lady Elizabeth Percy, married to Richard Woodrofte, of Wolley, in the county of York; second, Lady Lucy Percy, f the wife of Sir Edward Stanley of Eynsham in the county of Oxford, and of Tonge-Castle in Shropshire, Knight of the Bath; third, Lady Jane (or Joan) Percy, espoused to Lord Henry Seymour, second son of Edward first duke of Somerset; and fourth, Lady Mary Percy, who was Prioress of the English nunnery at Brussels in Brabant, and living in l621.s By the attainder of this Thomas Percy seventh Earl of North- umberland, his peerage would have become extinct, had it not been for the above-mentioned entails of April 30, and May 1, 1557, 3 and 4 Philip and Mar)'; but in consequence thereof his brother Sir Henry Percy, Knt. was summoned to parliament11 in 1576, 18 Eliz. as Earl of Northumberland, and Baron Percy, Lucy, Poynings, Bryan, and Fitz-Payne, &c. This HekryPercy, eighth Earl ofNorthumberland, had, dur- ing his elder brother's life, eminently distinguished himself against the Scots in the reign of Queen Mary; and as a letter of his to Francis Talbot fifth Earl of Shrewsbury, then President of tl>e e Hollingshed's Chron. and Speed's Chron, p 868- and Stow, p. 672. ' Dugdale (who seems to be led into the mistake by Ra. Brooke) men- tions two Maries, viz- Mary, second daughter, wife of sSir Thomas Gray, of Wark,Knt. and Mary, fifth daughter, Prioress at Brussels But Vincent, who expressly tells us he had made inquiries on this subject of the family themselves, informs us, there was but one daughter of the name of Mary, who was the Prioress at Brussels- Perhaps she. had in her youth been con- tracted to Sir Thomas Gray, Knt. who died in 1590, without issue; see below, p. 420 g Journal of parliam. 18 Eliz. h See her portrait in Harding's Biogr. Mirror. She was mother of Venetia Digby. ' VOL. II. Y 322 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Council of the North, tends to shew the state of the borders alT that time, a copy of it is annexed. h To the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord President of the North. I perceive both your Lordships [the Earls of Shrewsbury and Westmoreland] to accept my repair to this country [Northum- berland] in such good part, as I have cause to rejoice thereof; and further, to be desirous to know the occurrents from time to time, happening in those parts. It may please your good Lord- ship to understand, that' upon my repair to Alnwick, the last of July past, sundry gentlemen of this country, with many other honest men of the same, repaired thither unto me. With whom I travelled till Wednesday at night last, in such sort, as we were suffered to take very little rest, either by night or day: but by the more part of nights and days on horseback, attended the in- vasion of the enemy. And for the better resistance thereof, placed myself, and my company, nigh to the frontiers, as at Eslingtone, and other places thereabouts. And yesterday, being the fifth of this instant, about five of the clock in the morning, the Lord James, and Lord Robert, the late Scotch King's bastard sons, Lord Hewme, and others of Scotland, with all the power they could make in three days assembly of men from Edinburgh hitherward, and with certain pieces of ordnance, did invade on the east march of this realm; minded, as I learned by credible intelligence, to have attempted to win the castle of Ford, and have burnt sundry towns thereabouts, called the " Ten Towns of Glendale." Which their purpose, upon my repair towards them, with a good number of gentlemen, and others of this country, they did quite alter and change : and after they had burnt a house or two in the town of Fenton, where was taken and wounded to death, as is supposed, one of their best borderers and guides, Richard Davyson j with great haste and more fear (as by pluck- ing ofT, and leaving a great number of white crosses, and the small spoil, or prey of cattle by them seized, did appear) departed home into Scotland, before we could in order come to them. Which, considered, by the discreet advice of the gentlemen (whose good conformity, and forwardness in service, I cannot but of good cause much earnestly commend to your Lordship; whom I shall •much humbly beseech further, to commend and advance the same, upon this my just report, as may tend to their encourage* »» Ex Epistol. Com Salop in Offic Armor, repostt Reprinted in Lodge's Jllustr. B. H. vol. i p. 252. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. ' 323 ment of service hereafter) I did enterprize to invade the country of the marches in Scotland, where was burnt sixteen towns, and won a booty or spoil of 280 neat, and 1000 sheep, besides many horses, and some prisoners. This day, one aid of 600 men of the Bishoprick is repaired towards Berwick ; which being placed, as my Lord Wharton shall appoint, I doubt not but shall be able, by God's grace, to withstand the enemy ; and the same considered, upon conference therein had with my Lord Wharton, I do for sundry, my Lord, my brothers, and mine own, much necessary business, depart hence to- morrow towards Prudhow. And thus remaining, as I am thereto most bound, your Lordship's assured to command at all times, I beseech the eternal God to conserve your good Lordship, with continuance and increase of much honourable estate. From Aln- wick, the 6 routed his forces in the Bi- shoprick of Durham j pursuing afterwards the scattered remains, till an end was put to the rebellion. He succeeded his brother as .eighth Earl of Northumberland, on Aug. 22, 1572, by virtue of the intailj and in 18 Eliz. as already mentioned, was summoned to parliament as Earl of North- umberland, Baron Percy, &c. In 27 Eliz. (as Camden ° writes) many being friends to Mary Queen of Scots, and some attempting her delivery, subtle ways were taken to try how men stood affected. " Counterfeit letters were privately sent in the name of the Queen of Scots. Spies were sent up and down the country to take notice of people's dis- course, and lay hold of their words. Reports of vain and idle stories were countenanced and credited. Hereupon many were brought into suspicion, and among the rest Henry Earl of North- umberland, was confined to his own house." The Earl of Northumberland was suspected to have plotted secretly with p Francis Throckmorton, Thomas Lord Paget, and the Guises, for invading of England, and setting the Queen of Scots at liberty, whom he always highly favoured. Whereupon, being soon committed to the Tower, and there kept prisoner, he, on Monday, June 21, 1585,^ was found dead in his bed, shot with three bullets near his left pap, from a dagge or pistol, his chamber-door being barred on the inside. The Coroner's inquest having viewed the body; considered the place; found the pistol, with gun-powder in the chamber 5 and examined his man who bought the pistol, and him that had sold it, gave their verdict, that he had killed himself. v The third day after, there was a full 11 Stow's Annals, p 663. 0 Lite of Queen Elizabeth, in History of England, vol. ii. p 497. p Camden's Life of Queen Eliz- in Hist, of Engl, vol ii. p. 504. « Stow's Annals, p. 706. r Camden, p. 504. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 325 meeting of the Peers of the realm in the Star- Chamber, where Sir Thomas Bromley, Lord Chancellor, briefly declared, that the Earl had been engaged in traiterous designs, and had lain violent hands upon himself, being terrified with the guilty conscience of his offence; and the Attorney and Solicitor General shewed the reasons why the Earl had been kept in prison. Camden recites, " Certainly many good men were much af- fected, that so great a person, who was of a lively and active spirit, died so miserable and lamentable a death; as well, becar.se men naturally favour nobility, as that he had acquired singular commendation for his valour. What suspicions the fugitives mut- tered, concerning one BalirTe, one of Hatton's servants, and a little before appointed to be the Earl's keeper, I omit; as thinking not meet to insert any thing upon meer hearsays and reports." By inquisition taken at TopclirT, October 2, after the decease of the said Henry the eighth Earl of Northumberland, the jury found that he was possessed of the following manors, with Ian !s, &c. thereunto belonging,8 viz. the manor of SporTorth, with the - park j tbe manors of Linton, Whitwell, Tadcaster, and Catton, with the park; the castle and manor of Wresill, with the paik; the manor of Newsham, with the park; the manors of Thornton, Brinde, Grr.bthorp, and Loftsome ; the castles, lordship, and manor of Leckenfield, with the park; the manors of TopclirTe, Aystenby, Gristhayte, Kildale, Battersby, and Thurstenby; Percy's Fee, with the appurtenances ; Gaunt's Fee, with the appur- tenances; and the offices of Feodary of SporTorth, and TopclirTe, with the rights thereunto belonging; the advowsons and vicarages of the churches of Tadcaster, Wresill, Scarborough, Hunmanby, Nafferton, Gisborne, Linton, and Kildale: All which the said Earl's lands came to him by descent, and were held in capite; as appears by the letters patents of the fourth and fifth of Philip and Mary; and of restitution in 36 Hen. VIII. And the said Earl was seised in fee, and by special reversion, of an annual rent of 172/. Is. Ad. issuing out of the manors and lands in Ribblesdale., Langstrothdale, Littondale, Gisborne, and Preston. He was al o seised of the manors, &c. of Perelington, [Pocklinton,] Hunde- manby, Wansford, Eymlin alias Gemlin, and Na ffe rton ; the castle, manor, and Lordship of Whorlton, with the appurtenances; which, by letters patent of July 12, 154-1, 36 Hen. VI II. were granted to Matthew Stuart Earl of Lennox, and Margaret his « Cole's Esc. Lib iv. MS p 240. Not 61. A- (?• in Bib! Harley 326 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. wife. All the said manors, &c. were in the county of York, And in the county of Northumberland he was seised of the castle, barony, lordship, and manor of Alnewyke, with the appurte- nances and park, called Cawlege Park, West Park, and Hulne Park ; the lordships and manor of Denwyke, Lesbury, Ayle- mouth, Houghton, and many others. And in Sussex, of the honour and manor of Petworth ; with divers other manors and lands in the said county. To all which Henry, his son, was found to be heir, and of the age of twenty-one years, and two months. He married Catharine, eldest daughter and coheir of John Neville Lord Latimer, by Lucy his wife, second daughter of Henry Somerset Earl of Worcester, and sister of Anne Countess of Northumberland, before -mentioned, in p. 321. This John, who deceased in 1577, was son of John Lord Latimer, who died in 1542 j and grandson of Richard Neville Lord Latimer, who deceased in 1531. The said Richard succeeded his grandfather George Neville Lord Latimer (who died in 14(39, having outlived his son Sir Henry Neville, Knt. father of the said Richard j) which George was fourth son of Ralph Neville first Earl of "West- moreland, by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, and having obtained by feoffment divers of the estates of his uncle John Lord Latimer, who died without issue g Hen. VI. was thereupon summoned to parliament as Lord Latimer in 10 Hen. VI. s After the death of Henry eighth Earl of Northumberland, his Countess Catharine was married secondly to Francis Fitton of Binfield in the county of Berks, Esq. who appears to have been son of Fitton of Cheshire, before-mentioned * and cousin- german to the said Earl, by whom he had been employed in many important commissions. She had no issue by Fitton (who survived her many years) and dying October 28, 15Q6, (38 Eliz.) she was buried in St. Paul's Chapel in Westminster- Abbey : beitig seised at her death " of the manor of Kirkhameston, and rectory ; of the manors of Greenhampton, Boulton, and Ba- singthwaite, and advowson of the church j all in the county of Cumberland : also of the manor of Burton-Latimer, with the advowson of the church and manor of Cranford in com. North- ampton •> whereunto Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland, s See Banks's Baronage, vol. ii p. zqi. » Lcland Itin. vol. v. p 94. (1st Ed.) u Cole, lib iv p. 206. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 327 her eldest son, was found to be her heir, and then of the age of thirty-two years. The said Henry eighth Earl of Northumberland, had by the Lady Catharine his Countess issue eight sons, and three daughters. The sons were, First, Henry Percy, x who was ninth Earl of Northumberland ; of whom below. Second, Thomas Percy, who died unmarried in April, 1587. Third, William Percy, who being a man of learning and genius, lived retired y at Oxford many years, and dying there, was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, z May 28, 1648, having never married. Fourth, Sir Charles Percy, Knt. who having been knighted in France by Robert Earl of Essex, A. D. 15QI, distinguished himself in the wars in the Low Countries, and in Ireland. This Sir Charles being concerned in the said Earl of Essex's insurrection,* had his pardon 44 Elizabeth; and at the decease of that Queen on March 24, 1602-3, was sent by the council b with their letters of notification of the same to King James in Scotland. He mar- ried Dorothy daughter of Richard Cocks of Dumbleton in com. Glouc. Esq. and widow of Hutchins, Esq and dying without issue in June 1628, was buried at Dumbleton, where his Lady afterwards was interred beside him, in 16a6. Fifth, Sir Richard Percy, Knt. born in 15/5, distinguished himself also in the wars in Ireland in 15(jyy l600, 2-3. c He never married, but retiring into France, died at Angiers in lfj48, or l649.d Sixth, Sir Alan Percy, baptized 2 July 1577, was made Knight of the Rath in l604,e with Charles Duke of Albany, afterwards King Charles I. He married in 1608, Mary, daughter and heir of Sir John Fitz of Fitzford in Devonshire, but died without issue x This account of the issue of the eighth Earl of Northumberland, so full and accurate, is chiefly given from MS Collections of the late Thomas Butler, Esq. agent to his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, and clerk of the peace for the county of Middlesex, who died 1777. The births, &c are chiefly from Petworth Register > Straff Pap. ii 16S. where it is said by Mr Garrard 1638, that «4 he lives obscurely in Oxford, and drinks nothing but ale." * See A. Wood's MSS Ashmol Oxon. 8466. f 4. a Rymer, xvi p. 452. * Stow's Annals, p. 816. • Moryson's Itinerary, folio d Mr. Butler's MS. Collections. e Anstis's Knights of the Eath, p 61 328 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. in 1613. His widow was married secondly to Thomas Darcy, son to Thomas Earl Rivers ; thirdly, to Sir Charles Howard, fourth son of Thomas Earl of Suffolk j and fourthly to Sir Richard Granville, General to King Charles I. in the civil wars; and sur- vived to the year l6?2, when dying without issue, she left her estate to Sir William Courtney of Devonshire. c Seventh, Sir Josceline Percy, Knt. (baptized 20 November 1578,) being also concerned in the Earl of Essex's insurrection, had, with Sir Charles his brother, his pardon in 44 Eliz. and died unmarried in 1631.S Eighth, George Percy, the youngest son, was born 4 Sep- tember 1580, and baptized the same day. His name appears in 1620, among the adventurers for Virginia. He is said to have distinguished himself in the wars of the Low Countries, wherein he had one of his fingers shot off, as his picture shows at Sion- House, and that he was Captain of a company in 1627. He died in March 1632, having never been married. h The three daughters ' were, First, Lady Anne Percy, who died an infant. Second, Lady Lucy Percy, married first to Sir John Wotton, Knt. and secondly, to Sir Hugh Owen of Anglesey, Knt. but who died without issue. k Third, Lady Eleanor Percy,1 baptized at Petworth 6 January 1582, and married to Sir William Herbert, Knight of the Bath, who was created 5 Charles I. Baron Powis, and died in 1655, having survived her, who deceased 1051. Their son and heir Percy Herbert was second Lord Powis. m We come now to the eldest son, Henry Percy ninth Earl of Northumberland, who succeeded his father Henry the eighth Earl, in his honours and estates, was born in April 1564, so that he was aged twenty-one years and two months (as is mentioned above) at the death of his father in 1585. He took the first opportunity to signalize his valour the same year, by embarking on December 8, 1585, with Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, for the wars in the Low Countries." In the year 15S8, when this nation was threatened with that f Mr Butler's MS. Collections. e Rymer, xvi. p. 45*. »> Mr. Butler's MS. Collect Account of Virginia. » From Mr. Butler's MS. Collections. * Ibid. 1 See Habington's Poems, entitled Cnstara. m From Mr- Butler's MS Collections. n Stow's Annals, p. 711. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 329 most tremendous Spanish invasion, which was to annihilate its liberties, laws and religion, he was one of those gallant young no- blemen, who, out of love to their country (as Camden ° informs us) hired ships at their own charge, and joining the English fleet, under the command of the Lord Admiral Howard, shared the glory of destroying the so much boasted invincible Armada. • In 1593, .35 Eliz. his Lordship, Edward Somerset Earl of "Worcester, and Edmund Lord Sheffield, were all elected Knights Companions of the most noble Order of the Garter. Being in 1601 at the siege of Ostend, and Sir Francis Vere having been wanting in that respect, which he thought due to him, as well as having countenanced reports to his disadvantage, his Lordship so far resented this treatment, that he took the first opportunity of Sir Francis's arrival in England to call him to an account for it; which was in 1(302, 44 Eliz. for while he was abroad, his public character protected him from the Earl's re- sentment. This challenge, and all the proceedings relating to it, made a great noise at that time, and are matter of some curiosity, p As the health of Queen Elizabeth now declined, and both she and her ministers were thought not very well affected to her na- tural successor King James of Scotland, the Earl of Northum- berland entered warmly into the interests of that Prince, 1 and is said to have proposed even hostile measures for asserting his rights, in case any attempts should be made to defeat them. We shall consider this conduct of the Earl, and the particular measures themselves more fully below, when we come to see the returns he met with for his loyalty and zeal ; and before we proceed fur- ther with his history, stop a while to remark, that, independent of that affectionate attachment to the House of Stuart, which this Earl might naturally inherit from a father and uncle, who had both died martyrs to that attachment, he might from the wisest forecast, and the soundest policy, wish to promote an Union of the two nations; which, while it gave consummate strength to them both, and promised to them in general the most salutary effects, offered peculiar advantages to those border countries where the Earl of Northumberland had so wide a domain; and where he and his ancestors must have long seen and lamented the o Annals of Queen Elizabeth, p 547. r See an authentic account of it, with the Letters that passed, in the last Edition of Collins- which continue to this day the most useful legacies he could bequeath to his posterity. Had not this cruel imprisonment befallen him in his prime of life, so vigorous and active a mind in all probability would have done his country the service of preventing several invasions on the liberty of the subject. We have mentioned above his regard for learning : and so liberal an encourager was he of literature, arts, sciences, and especially the mathematics, that (as we have said) he allowed pension* to several learned men. Anthony Wood re- lates, p " That the Reverend Mr. Nathaniel Torporley, a noted mathematician, being known to the great Earl of Northumber- land, Henry Percy, the generous favourer of all good learning, was received into his patronage, and had a pension paid yearly unto him, for several years, from his purse." The same atthor gives also this ? account ; ' Thomas Hariot went in 1584, with Sir Walter Raleigh, to Virginia, where he was employed in the dis- covery and surveying thereof, &c. After his return into England, Sir Walter got him into the acquaintance of that noble and generous Count, Henry Earl of Northumberland; who, finding him to be a gentleman of an affable and peaceable nature, and well read in the obscure parts of learning, did allow him a yearly pen- sion of 120/. About the same time, Robert Hues, and Walter Warner, two other mathematicians, who were known also to the said Count, did receive from him yearly pensions also, but of less value -, as did Torporley. So that when the said Earl was com- mitted prisoner to the Tower in 1006, Hariot, Hues, and Warner, were his constant companions, and were usually called the Earl of Northumberland's Three Magi. They had a table at the Earl's charge j and the Earl himself did constantly converse with them, and with Sir Walter Raleigh, then in the Tower." Wood also informs us, that Nicholas Hill, another scholar, proficient in the same recondite studies, was also " taken into the retinue of that most noble and generous person, Henry Earl of Northum- berland, with whom he continued for some time in great es- teem.1" As also Thomas Allen, an eminent antiquary, philoso- pher, and mathematician, *c who was often courted to live in the family of that most noble and generous Count Henry Earl of p Wood's Athenae Oxoniens. vol. i. p £66. <3 Ibid. 460, 571. r Ibid. p. 365. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 341 Northumberland, a great patron of mathematicians: whereupon, spending some time with him, he was infinitely beloved and ad- mired not only by that Count, but by such artists, who then lived with, or often retired to him, as Tho. Harriot, John Dee, Walt. Warner, Nath. Torporley, &c. the Atlantes of the mathematic world.' s From his fondness for such studies, he was called of some Henry the Wizard. His Lordship had been created Master of Arts of the Univer- sity of Oxford, on August 30, 1605, King James being there at that time ; when the same degree was taken by Lodowick Stuart Duke of Richmond, Henry Vere Earl of Oxford, and other no- blemen. But in the list, this mention is made of the Earl:1 " Henry Percy, the most generous Count of Northumberland, a great encourager of learning, and learned men, especially mathe- maticians, who, as well as others, have, in a high manner, cele- brated his worth." Wilson, in his Life of King James I. u relates, ' That the Lady Lucy Percy, the Earl's youngest daughter, of incomparable beauty, (solemnized in the poems of the most exquisite wits of her time) married the Lord Haye (after Earl of Carlisle) against her father's will (who aimed at a higher extraction) during his imprisonment; which the old Earl's stubborn spirit not brooking, would never give her any thing; and Haye, whose affection was above money (setting only a valuation upon his much admired bride) strove to make himself meritorious, and prevailed so with the King, for his father-in-law, that he got his release.' [They were married on Novembers, l6l7,x and the King honoured the wedding with his presence at supper ; and it was not till four years after that he was freed.] * But the old Earl would hardly be drawn to take a release from his hand, so that when he had liberty, he restrained himself; and with importunity was wrought upon, by (such as knew the distemper of his body might best qualify those of his mind) persuading him, for some indis- position, to make a journey to the Bath, which was one special -motive -to accept of his son in-law's respects. * The stout old Earl, when he was got loose, hearing that the great favourite, Buckingham, was drawn about with a coach and six horses (wondered at then, as a novelty, and imputed to him as * Wood's Athenae Oxoniens. vol i. p. 574, 575. £ Wood's Fasti, I. 172- u Gen. Hist, of Eng II. 719, 720. * Camden's Annals. Gen. Hist, of Eng II. 648. 342 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. a mastering pride) thought if Buckingham had six, he might very well have eight in his coach; with which he rode through the city of London to the Bath, to the vulgar talk and admiration : and recovering his health there, he lived long after at Petworth in Sussex.' Thus far my author Wilson. On his return from the Bath, he retired to his seat at Petworth, and was visited there by most of the first quality, and very rarely came to town. Towards the latter end of King James's reign, in August 1620, there were, at one time with him at Petworth, y the Marquis of Buckingham (the great favourite of that King, and his son Charles I.) the Earl of Suffolk, Lord Treasurer 5 William Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain ; his brother the Earl of Montgomery; the Lord Percy his own son; also his two sons-in-law, the Lord Viscount Lisle (afterwards Earl of Lei- cester) and the Viscount Doncaster (afterwards Earl of Carlisle) Sir George Goring (afterwards Earl of Norwich) Sir Henry Rich (afterwards Earl of Holland) and several other Knights and Gentlemen. Henry ninth Earl of Northumberland, died on the anniversary of the day, that had been so fatal to him, viz. November 5, 1632, aged 70 ; z and was buried in the family vault in Petworth church in Sussex. He married Dorothy,* widow of Sir Thomas Perrot, Knt. This Lady, who was sister of Queen Elizabeth's favourite Ro- bert Ii. Earl of Essex, was daughter of Walter Devereux first Earl, by Letitia his wife, daughter of Sir Francis Knollys, Knight of the Garter, and of Catharine* Carey, cousin-german of that Queen ; her mother being daughter of Mary Boleyn, sister of Queen Anne Boleyn, by William Carey,' Esq. ancestor of the Lords Hunsdon, &c. * The ninth Earl of Northumberland, by his said Countess Do- rothy, (who died August 3, 1619, c and was buried at Petworth) had issue four sons and two daughters. The sons were, d First, Henry; second, Henry j who both died infants, one of whom deceased in 1597. e y Sidney's Letters of State, vol.!. p. 124, 125. z His Epitaph at Petworth. » Vincent upon Brooke Dugdale's Baronage, &c. b Ibid. c £pitaph at Petworth. <* Mr. Butler's Collections. e Epitaph at Petworth. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 343 Third, Algernon Percy; who was tenth Earth of Northum- berland. Fourth, Henry Percy, who was created Lord Percy of Aln- wick, of whom below. The daughters were, First, Lady Dorothy Percy, baptized at Pet worth August 20, 1598, f and married in I6l8 to Robert Sidney,? who was after- wards second Earl of Leicester in 1626, and died in 1677, aged 81 .h This his Countess died before him, August 19, l65Cj;i being mo- ther of a numerous and illustrious issue j among which were Al- gernon Sidney the patriot, and Dorothy Countess of Sunderland; celebrated by Waller under the name of Sacharissa. Second, Lady Lucy Percy, who was married (as is men- tioned above,) in 1617, (15 Jac. I.) when she was only in her eighteenth year, to James Lord Hay of Salley, or Sauley, in com. Ebor.k who in May, 17 Jac. I. was created Viscount Doncaster; and September 13, 20 Jac. I. (1622.) Earl of Carlisle. He died April 25, l()36.1 She was his second wife, and one of the most admired beauties of her"1 time; n being celebrated by Voitnre in French, and by all the contemporary poets in English, especially by Waller; in the edition of whose works by Fenton, may be seen a studied character of this great Lady, written by Sir Tobie Matthews. She is accused by Lord Clarendon ° of perplexing the King's affairs, and is said to have given notice to Pym of the King's coming to the house to seize the rive members, p She was one of the first patrons of General Monk j 1 and died on the same day that had been so fatal to her family, viz. November 5, l6()Q.r Of her two brothers, I shall first mention the youngest, Henry Percy, afterwards Lord Percy of Alnwick, (youngest 6011 of Henry ninth Earl of Northumberland) while he was the Honourable Mr. Percy was a great favourite of King Charles First's Queen, as appears from the Earl of Leicester's letter to him f Pet worth Register. B Collins's Introduction to Sidney Papers, 2 vols foKo. k See an account in the Sidney Papers, of a most singular quarrel between this Lord, and his brother-in-Jaw, Lord Hay, which happened at Petivortb. » Collins's Introduction to Sidney Papers, z vols, folio. k Dug. Bar. IL I Ibid. »» The original portrait of her by Vandyke is at Mr. Barrett's at Lee, near Canterbury. n Fenton's Notes to Waller's Poems 0 Hisl of Rebellion p Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs, p 203. Biogr. Britan. (VLd. MonkJ r From a memorandum of Earl Algern. 344 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. from Paris, June 16, 1636-, s and his letters to that nobleman during his embassy in France. See the Sidney Papers, 2 vol. folio, passim. He was also much favoured by the King,' having a command in his army; and on June 6, 1640/ was constituted Captain and Governor of Jersey during life. It was on June 1 9, l640,u that he, then a Commoner, was sitting with commissary Wilmot and Ashburnham, in the house of commons, when they murmured at the vote for taking 10,000/. from the 50,000/. appointed for the English army, and ordering it 'for the Scots ; and thereupon formed a plan for bringing up the army to check the factious pn> ceedings of the enemies to monarchy and episcopacy. This design getting wind, Lord Clarendon relates, x That Pym moved for an address to the King, that he would permit none of his servants to go beyond the seas; on which some persons, much trusted by him, immediately absented themselves; these were Mr. Percy and Henry Jermyn (afterwards Earl of St. Alban'sj) which last con- veyed himself into France; but Mr. Percy delaying his journey on some occasions of his own, and concealing himself in an ob- scure place in Sussex, near to his brother the Earl of Northum- berland's house, was at last discovered; and when he endeavoured to have escaped, was set upon by the country people, and not with- out hurt got from them; and was not heard of in some months. On the breaking out of the rebellion, Lord Percy returned into England, y and raised a regiment of horse for the King, and was 2 constituted General of the ordnance. He attended his Ma- jesty through the whole course of the war; and was created, at Oxford, Baron Percy of Alnwick, by patent dated June 28, 19 a Car. I. (1643.) In 1044, he was oneb of those persons of honour, whom the King for the most part followed, in managing his warlike affairs. In that year the king was driven by the par- liament's forces to such extremity, as to be almost encompassed by them ; and obliged to leave Oxford, on June 3, in the even- ing, with only his son Prince Charles, the Duke of Richmond, the Lord Percy,0 and some other Lords, attended by their ser- vants. But having given orders for his forces to follow, they • Sidney's Letters of State, p 386. * Pat. 16 Car. I. p. 12. n 46. » Whitlock's Memorials of English Affairs, p. 44. x Hist of Rebellion, 8vo vol i p. 267. y Sir Edward Walker's Hist Discourses, p. 33. * Ibid. p. 65. a Ex Original Fat. b Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Discourses, p i- c Ibid, p-19, 20 21. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 345 joined him by break of day, and got into Yarneton, passing be- tween both the armies of Sir William Waller, and the Earl of Essex, without being discovered. Yet those generals, with their forces, pursued his Majesty (who was only a day's march before them) to Evesham, and from thence to Worcester j when they, finding no possibility of getting the King in their power, in a council of war came to a resolution, that Waller, having the lesser ordnance, and lighter men, should follow his Majesty ; and Essex, having the greater ordnance, should relieve Lyme, and reduce the West. At Cropredy-Bridge, on June 29, they came to an engage- ment,d when Waller was defeated, with the loss of all his ord- nance, &c.e and the Lord Percy, with his regiment of horse, &c. forced the rebels to a speedy flight. His Lordship continued with his Majesty, who, before the end of the campaign, ruined Essex's army, and obliged him to make his escape into Plymouth. I find by Whitlock, f that Waller, marching against the King in the West, advertised the parliament, on March 11, that he had taken the Lord" Percy, and thirty with him, at Andover. The next mention of him is in lf548 ; that on October \J, being with the Prince of Wales at the Hague, he was committed (as Whit- lock » writes) for giving the Lie to the Lord Colepeper, in the presence of his Royal Highness. He was Master of the horse b to the Prince of Wales j and when by the cruel martyrdom of his royal father, he became titular King, he was made Lord Chamberlain of his household ; and being1 at Paris in 1 652, when his Majesty took leave of the Queen, he was directed by the King to introduce Sir Edward Hyde (afterwards Earl of Clarendon) to her Majesty, who had not, for some months, presumed to be in her presence ; so that (as he says) he himself knew not how to make an advance to- wards it j and the Lord Percy accordingly introduced him. Lord Clarendon mentions, k that during their exile, when the management of the King's household had suffered exceedingly from want of ceconomy, it was brought under much better regu- lation, by being " committed to Stephen Fox, a young man bred under the severe discipline of the Lord Percy, now Lord Cham- d Sir Edward Walker's Hist. Discourses, p 32. e Ibid.p 33. f Memorials, p. 131* « Ibid. p. 338. h Clarendon's Hist- of Rebellion, vol. vi. p. 527, 528. I Ibid- p 527,528. k Vol.iii.book 14 p-4:o(Ed. fol 1707) 34(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. berlaine of the King's household:" so that his Lordship was the means of bringing that extraordinary person out of obscurity: he also patronized Hobbes, the philosopher, and introduced him to the King to teach him mathematics.1 Henry Lord Percy died at Paris in April, l65g,m having never married. I now return to his elder brother. Algernon Percy tenth Earl of Northumberland, was born in London, and baptized October 13, 1(502. n He had his° education in Christ-Church college, in Oxford j and the famous Robert Hues, the mathematician, was his tutor. In 1616, heP was made one of the Knights of the Bath, at the creation of Charles Prince of Wales ; and was second in precedency, James Lord Mai tra vers, eldest son to the Earl of Arundel, being the first. On the accession of King Charles I. he was called by Writ to the house of Peers, in his father's life- time, by the title of Lord Percy, &c. and in May 1 626, the- second year of that reign, was one 1 of the thirty-six Lords who made a voluntary protestation, upon their honours, in parliament, that Sir Dudley Digges did not speak any thing, on delivering his charge against the Duke of Buckingham, " which did, or might intrench on the King's honour j and if he had, they, would presently have repre- hended him for it." In 1632, 8 Car. I. he succeeded his father in his honours and estates, as Earl of Northumberland, &c. And in 1633, her at- tended Charles I. into Scotland, in order to his Coronation; at which he was present, on June 18, that year; being one of the* Privy-council. On May 13, 1635, 11 Car. I. he was installed one of the Knights of the most noble order of the Garter, with great magnificence. In 1636, he had the command of a royal fleet of sixty sail, l and destroyed the Dutch busses that were fishing on our coasts. He first required them to forbear, and, on their refusal, he took some, and sunk others. Thereupon the Dutch sued to him to mediate with the King, that they might by permission fish on our 1 Burnet's Hist. m From a memorandum of Earl Algernon's. n From a Bill at Sion-house. 0 Wood's Athenae Oxoniensis, vol i. p. 490. p Anstis's Essay on Knighthood of the Bath, p. 75. Ibid. p. 141 k Ibid. p. 270. ^ Whitlock's Memorials, p. 63. w Ibid. p. 64. " History, vol. iii- p- 123. 0 History of Rebellion, vol. iii. p. 198 to p 205, and seq. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 349 Admiral of England. Though he was of a family that had lain under frequent blemishes of want of fidelity to the crown, and his father had been long a prisoner in the Tower, under some suspicion of having some knowledge of the gunpowder-treason ; and after he was set at liberty, by the mediation and credit of the Earl of Carlisle, who had, without and against his consent, mar- ried his daughter, he continued to his death under such a restraint, that he had not liberty to live and reside upon his northern estate." [We have seen above how cruelly the Earl of Northumberland had been used in that transaction.] Yet this Lord's father c was no sooner dead, than the King poured out his favours upon him in a wonderful measure.' He elsewhere P says, that the King, from that time took him " into his immediate and eminent care, and prosecuted him with all manner and demonstration of respect and kindness ; and (as he heard his Majesty himself say) courted him as his mistress, and conversed with him as his friend, without the least interruption, or intermission of any possible favour and kindness." The noble historian also gives an account of the Earl of Northumberland's preferments, (which 1 have recited in more exact order of time:) w which, proceeds he, was such a quick succession of bounties and favours, as had rarely befallen any man, who had not been attended with the envy of a favourite." e He was, in all his deportment, a very great man, and that, which looked like formality, was a punctuality in preserving his dignity from the invasion and intrusion of bold men/ which no man, of that age, so well preserved himself from. Though his notions were not large, or deep, yet his temper, and reservedness in speak- ing, got him the reputation of an able and wise man : which he made evident in the excellent government of his family, where no man was more absolutely obeyed; and no man had ever fewer idle words to answer for; and, in debates of importance, he always expressed himself very pertinently. If he had thought the King as much above him as he thought himself above other con- siderable men, he would have been a good subject; but the ex- treme undervaluing those, and not enough valuing the King, made him liable to the impressions, which they who approached him by those addresses of reverence and esteem, that usually insi- nuate into such natures, made in him. So that after he was first prevailed on, not to do that, which in honour and gratitude he .was obliged to (which is a very pestilent corruption) he was, with p History of Rebellion, 8vo. yoI. i. p. 270. 350 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. the more facility, led to concur in what, in duty, and fidelity, he ought not to have done; and so concurred in all the councils which produced the Rebellion, and stayed with them to support it.' To this last part, it should be remembered, that he complied with the revocation of his commission of Lord High Admiral,, with all submissive duty to the King. And here it ought to be remarked, that Lord Clarendon's account of this, and the other great men, who took part with the parliament, ought to be received with caution. However deserving of regard the testimony of that noble historian may be in what relates to Facts, yet his account of Men, especially such as joined the party opposite to his own, must not be too implicitly received : in such cases a writer cannot avoid partiality. Whatever he has said in favour of the Earl of Northumberland, may be received as true, being the testimony of an enemy; but what bears hard against him, may reasonably be suspected. His Lordship was, doubtless, led by the noblest principles of honour and conscience to oppose the court party, and to join those patriots, who stood up for the liber- ties of the people : and the historian himself allows, that the Earl by no means favoured the violent measures of the factious de- magogues. No one can deny, but a regard for the Liberty and Constitution of our Country, when in imminent danger of perish- ing for ever, ought to supersede all private and personal obli- gations. Yet the Earl of Northumberland shewed all proper regard for the King's person during this great contest; of which Lord Clarendon has mentioned many instances; and his careful and respectful attendance on the King's children, when committed to his care, and his indulging his Majesty, as much as possible with their company, &c. &c. sufficiently vindicate him from the charge of ingratitude and personal disrespect. The proceedings relating to the trial of the King, I pass over, as no part of this work ; only observing, that the Earl of North- umberland detested the cruel murder of his Majesty, and did his utmost to obstruct it. In 1649, q the Earl of Northumberland being desirous of sur- rendering his trust of the custody of the Duke of Gloucester, and the Princess Elizabeth, procured his sister, the Countess of Lei- cester, to have the government of them; whereupon they were removed to Penshurst, a house of the Earl of Leicester's in Kent; and on June 11, that year, the Earl of Northumberland q Clarendon, vol.vi. p. 5x45525. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 351 moved, r that she might have the allowance for their maintenance, which was referred to the committee of the revenue. His Lordship, after the murder of King Charles I. lived re- tired, for the most part, at Petworth, till the restoration. In the spring of the year 1660, when General Monk had marched from Scotland, and taken his quarters at Whitehall, he invited him to Northumberland house, to a conference with him, the Earl of Manchester, and other Lords ; and likewise with Holies, Sir "William Waller, Lewis, and other eminent persons ; who had a trust and confidence in each other, and who were looked upon as the heads and governors of the moderate presbyterian party. The Earl of Northumberland discovers his sentiments to Robert Sidney Earl of Leicester, in a letter to him, dated April 13th, 1660. s M The meeting my Lord of Southampton, in pur- suance of some overtures that have been made for a marriage between his daughter and my son, was the principal occasion that brought me to this town ; where I find most people very busy (or at least seeming so) and the public affairs in a posture that needs the advice of better heads than mine. All persons here shew strong inclinations to bring in the King, and re-establish the go- vernment on the old foundation. Some there are who would have him restored to all, without any condition, only an act of oblivion, and general pardon to be granted ; but the soberer people will, I believe, expect terms of more security for themselves, and ad- vantage for the nation j and unless a full satisfaction be given in such points, as shall be judged necessary to those ends, it is thought the army will not be pleased." The Earl of Northumberland was in the committees in that critical time ; when their Lordships' proceedings facilitated Ge- neral Monk's intention of restoring the King. I find, in the Earl of Leicester's journal, this entry. " Thurs- day, May 31st, a messenger came to my house,* and warned ms to come to Whitehall 5 the like he did to the Earl of Northumber- land. We went together, not knowing for what ; and havirg staid a while in the King's withdrawing chamber, we were called into the council chamber, and there, contrary to his, and my expecta- tion, we were sworn privy-counsellors ; as was likewise the Earl of Manchester, and others, that, and the next day." On August 11th, ]660, he * was constituted Lord Lieutenant f Whitlock, p. 392. * Sydney's Memorials, vol ii- p. 685. t Bill signat. 13 Car. II. 352 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex; and on Sep- tember 7th following, u Lord Lieutenant of the county of North- umberland. If is Lordship sought for no employment in the state, choosing to retire, in the summer, to his seat at Petwortb, delighting in his gardens and plantations there ; but he lived in town during the winter season, and was constant in his attendance in parlia- ment ', as appears by some of his letters to his brother-in-law, Robert Earl of Leicester, who, residing altogether at Penshurst, left him his proxy in the house of peers. Indeed, there was such a sympathy of affection between these two noblemen, and such a sincere and faithful friendship, as can hardly be paralleled. The Earl of Leicester, in a letter to him from Penshurst, September 26th, 1659, x pays this compliment to the Earl of Northumber- land. " Of the few persons that I consider in this world, your Lordship hath my greatest estimation ; and of the fewer things I value in this life, your favour is placed by me in the most high degree. I am very tender of both, and do passionately desire the conservation of the one, for the good of many ; and the continua- tion of the other for my own contentment." But, indeed, the Earl of Northumberland continued to be re- garded with a very high respect by the whole English nation ; of which Lord Clarendon himself gives a remarkable instance in the history of his own life : v when mentioning the Bill, that was brought into parliament against importing Irish cattle, (a few years after the restoration) and which occasioned great heats, he says, " That the Lord Ashley, (afterwards Earl of Shaftsbury) who next to the Duke of Buckingham appeared the most violent supporter of the bill, urged it as an argument for prosecuting it, * That if this bill did not pass, all the rents in Ireland would rise in a vast proportion, and those in England fall as much ; so that in a year or two the Duke of Ormond would have a greater re- venue than the Earl of Northumberland ;' which (adds the noble historian) made a visible impression in many, as a thing not to be endured." His Lordship married two wives; and, what was very re- markable, they were both grand-daughters of two successive Lord Treasurers under King James I. to whose ill offices Earl Henry u Bill signat. 13 Car. II. * Sidney Memorials, vol ii. p. 683. y Continuation of his Hist, folio, p. 375. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 353 his father attributed much of the cruel severity with which he had been treated by that ungrateful Prince. Earl Algernon's first wife was the Lady Anne Cecil, second daughter of William second Earl of Salisbury, (son of Robert Cecil, who had been Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth, and Lord High Treasurer to King James I. by whom he was created Earl of Salisbury.) Her mother was Catharine Howard, youngest daughter of Thomas Earl of Suffolk, (son of Thomas IV. Duke of Norfolk, and grandson of Henry Earl of Surrey, the Poet,) who succeeded Cecil as Lord High Treasurer. This Anne Countess of Northumberland died on December 6th, 163/, u as we learn from a letter to the Earl of Leicester at Paris, written by William Hawkins, Esq. whereinhe mentions, " that the Earl of Northum- berland is a very sad man for the death of his Lady ; and that the Countess of Leicester (his sister) was gone to comfort him." x By this his first Countess he had issue, First, Lady Catharine Percy, born August 12th, 1630; y who died young, and was buried in the family vault at Petworth in Sussex, January 26th, 1638. z Second, Lady Dorothy Percy, born also on August 12th, 1632; a who died young, and was buried at Petworth, Pebruary •19th, 1638. b Third, Lady Anne Percy, born December 19th, l633;c who was married June 2 1st, 1652, d to Philip Lord Stanhope, who was afterwards Earl of Chesterfield, but not till after her death, who died November 29th, l654;f and was buried at Petworth, De- cember the 7th following, together with her infant son Algernon 3 f and therefore she probably died in childbed, leaving no issue. Fourth, Lady Lucy Percy, s who died young. Fifth, Lady Elizabeth Percy, born December 1st, 1636; h who was married May 19th, 1653, ' to Arthur Lord Capel, afterwards created Earl of Essex in l66l, by whom she had issue Algernon second Earl of Essex, and Anne Countess of Carlisle. This Lady Elizabeth Percy Countess of Essex, long survived the Earl her husband, (who was found murdered in the Tower July 13th, 1683) and died herself on February 5tb, 1717-8. k u Sydney Memorials, vol. ii. p 531. x Ibid- y From a memorandum of Earl Algernon in MS. * Petworth Register. a Memorand of E. Alg. b Petworth Register. c Mem. of E. Alg. i Ibid. e Ibid i peiw. Reg. e Mem. of E.Alg " Ibid. » Ibid. it Mr. Butler's Collections. VOL. II. a A 354 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. Earl Algernon, after continuing a widower near five years, married to his second wife a cousin -germ an of his first Countess,' viz. the Lady Elizabeth Howard, second daughter of Theophilus second Earl of Suffolk, (son of Thomas the Lord High Treasurer, before-mentioned) by the Lady Elizabeth his wife, daughter of George Lord Hume, Earl of Dunbar. It was in consequence of this marriage with the Lady Elizabeth Howard (which was celebrated October 1st, 1642) ' that Earl Algernon became possessed of Nor- thumberland House in the Strand, which has ever since been the town residence of this noble family. It was originally built by Henry Howard Earl of Northampton, and called by him North- ampton House; but he, having no issue, gave it to his nephew Thomas Earl of Suffolk, above-mentioned : and on the marriage of his grand-daughter, it was transferred to the Earl of Northum- berland. m As for Sion House, their seat in Middlesex, it had been granted by the crown to Henry the ninth Earl. By this his second Countess Earl Algernon had issue, First, Josceline, his only son and heir, who was born July 4th, ]6l4, n and after his father was eleventh Earl of Northumber- land. Second, Lady Mary Percy, born July 22d, 1647 ;° who died July 3d, l652,P and was buried at Petworth. Their mother, the Countess Elizabeth, survived her Lord near forty years j dying on March 11th, 1704-5, * (aged ninety-seven) and was buried at Petworth the 20th of March following. r The Earl her husband deceased October 13th, 1668, s (in the sixty- sixth year of his age) and was buried at Petworth j being succeeded in his honours and estates by his only son. • Josceline Percy, eleventh Earl of Northumberland, (only son and heir of Earl Algernon) had, while he was Lord Percy, been designed by his father to marry the Lady Audry, eldest daughter and coheir of Thomas Wriothesley Earl of Southampton, by his second wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Francis Leigh Earl of Chichester j as appears by overtures made before April 13th, 1660, which brought the Earl of Northumberland to town, as he acquaints the Earl of Leicester by a letter of that date. But i Memorand- of E. Alg. m Mr. Butler's Collections. ■ Memorand. of E. Alg o Ibid- p Ibid, and Petw. Reg. q Annals of Queen Anne, (year 4, p. 282 ) » Petw. Reg. » From his Epitaph at Petworth. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 355 in another from Petvvorth, of November 2d, following, to the said Earl, he says : " The death of my Lady Audry did as nearly touch me as most accidents that could have happened j not for the conveniency of her fortune, nor the hopes of her bringing an heir to my family, as soon as it had been fit for my son and her to have come together j but because I judged her to be of a nature, temper, and humour, likely to have made an excellent wife, which would have brought me much comfort in the latter part of my life ; but since our uncertain condition exposes us daily to these troubles, I shall endeavour with all patience to submit to them." However, his son Josceline, then Lord Percy, about two years after, (viz. December 23d, 1662) ■ married the Lady Elizabeth, sister of the said Lady Audry, and youngest daughter of the said Thomas Earl of Southampton, who was Lord High Treasurer of England, and died on May l6th, J 667 : u whereupon, the same year, his son-in-law, the young Lord Percy, x was constituted in his place Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Southampton. On the death of his father in 166S, as aforesaid, this Josceline, the eleventh Earl of Northumberland, (then aged twenty-four) was on November 9th, the same year, constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex ; y also, the same day, was constituted Lord Lieutenant of the county of Northum- berland. But he did not long enjoy these honours ; for within two years after, he and his young Countess made a tour on the continent, as it should seem, for their healths, being attended by the celebrated Mr. Locke, as their physician -, and the Countess remaining at Paris, and Mr. Locke with her, the Earl her husband proceeded on to Italy; and having heated himself with travelling post many days, was seized at Turin with a fever, which put a period to his life, on May 21st, 1670; z in the midst of the brightest hopes, which this promising young nobleman had excited in the breasts of all good men, that he would prove a shining or- nament of his noble house, and an honour and support to his country. His remains were afterwards brought to England, and interred in the vault belonging to his noble family at Petworth. His Lady continued after his death at Paris, till she there entered into second nuptials with Ralph Lord Montagu, then ambassador t Memorandum in MS. of Earl Algernon his father- u Ibid. x Bill signat. 20 Car. II. ( y Ibid. 21 Car. II. * So Dugdale, who lived at the time ; but I doubt this date. 356 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. from King Charles II. to the French court ; who was afterward'?, by Queen Anne, (1/05 >) created Duke of Montagu, and had issue by her John Duke of Montagu, and Anne, grandmother of the hte Earl of Sandwich. Josceline the eleventh and last Earl of Northumberland, had issue by his said Countess, First, Lady Elizabeth Percy, born January 26th, 1666-7, a wno was afterwards Duchess of Somerset, and transmitted the Barony of Percy., &c. with a very great inheritance, to her posterity ; of whom we shall give account below. Second, Henry Lord Percy, born February 2d, 1668 ; who died December 18th, 1669, b and was buried at Petworth. Third, Lady Henrietta Percy, c who died an infant. By the premature death of this Lord Josceline, without issue male, the title of Earl of Northumberland became extinct: and King Charles II. created his third natural son by the Duchess of Cleveland, George Fitz-Roy, in 1674, Earl, and afterwards (in J6S2) Duke of Northumberland. In the mean time, a claim was made to the hereditary honours and possessions of the noble house of Percy, by one James Percy, a trunkmaker; who presented a petition to the house of peers for that purpose : but being unable to produce proof of his descent, for he first claimed to be de- scended from Sir Richard Percy, Knight, brother to the ninth Earl of Northumberland: and when it was proved that he died a bachelor, then he fixed upon Sir Ingram Percy, brother of the sixth Earl, for his ancestor ; d but it appears from* his will, still extant, that he had left only an illegitimate daughter : on this his petition was dismissed the House of Lords on March 28th, 16/3 ; e and he tried his right in various suits at common law, but without success : yet he persevered in his pretensions for near twenty years ; but being an illiterate man, and con- ducting his pursuit in an illiberal manner, at length, in 1689, the Lords sentenced him to wear a paper in Westminster Hall, declaring him •' A false and impudent pretender to the Earldom of Northumberland." f He had a son, Anthony Percy, who a Memorand.of E Alg- and Petworth Reg. b Epitaph at Petworth. c Dugd Bar. I. d From James Percy's own Cases; of which he printed several editions, with various alterations ; but none that offered even probable proof. • Lord's Journ. XII. p. 578. t Ibid. XIV. p. 24,38, 211,224,338,240, 241. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 357 became Lord Mayor of Dublin, and is mentioned as a sufferer under the tyranny of King James, by Archbishop King, in his account of the sufferings of the protestants in Ireland. Lady Elizabeth Percy (only surviving daughter and sole heiress of Jrcceline the eleventh and last Earl of Northumberland) succeeded to the Baronial honours of her ancestors, and was in her own right Baroness Percy, Lucy, Poynings, Fitz-Payne, Bryan, and Latimer. Being so great an heiress, she was thrice married, and twice a widow, before she was sixteen. She was but four years old at her father's death ; and being educated by her grandmother, the old Counters of Northumberland, was, about the latter end of the year 1G79, married first to Henry Cavendish Earl of Ogle, only son and heir of Henry Duke of Newcastle, who, by agreement before marriage, assumed the name and arms of Percy, (for which he had the royal licence) s but he departed this life on November 1st, 1(380, and was buried in the vault of the Percy family at PetwQrth, November 16th foj* lowing.11 She was secondly married, or contracted, to Thomas Thynne, Esq. of Longleate in the county of Wilts $ who was assassinated on Sunday, February 12th, 1081-2, as he was riding through Pall-Mall in his coach, by some ruffians on horseback ; one of whom discharged a blunderbuss loaded with slugs, which shot him through the body, sa that he died before the next morning.1 The ruffians were apprehended, convicted and executed j being foreigners, hired by Count Coningsmark ; who had entertained presumptuous hopes of succeeding with this young heiress, if he could remove Mr. Thynne out of the way j but in this he was mistaken, for though he himself escaped the punishment due for this horrible crime, he reaped no advantage from it ; as On the 30th of May 1682, she was thirdly married to hi* Grace Charles Seymour Duke of Somerset, being, as we have seen, underage: and by articles before marriage, he was to take the name, and bear the arms of Percy : k but from this agreement she released his Grace when she came of age. 8 See p 235. h Petworth Register. > Extracted from Newspapers of that time, and the Trial of the Assas$in$. * Dugdal. Bar. 358 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. By the Duke of Somerset, her Grace Elizabeth, Baroness Percy, &c. had issue, l First, Lord Charles Seymour, who died an infant, and was buried at Pet worth, August 26th, 1(583. m Second, Lady Catharine Seymour, who died an infant. n Third, Lord Algernon Seymour, Earl of Hertford, afterwards Baron Percy and Duke of Somerset, who was born at Petworth November 11th, 4684:° of whom an account is given at large under the article of the Dukes of Somerset. Fourth, Lady Elizabeth Seymour, who was wife of Henry Obrien Earl of Thomond in Ireland, and Viscount Tadcaster in England. She died without issue, April 6th, 1734;P and by a particular settlement, at the death of her husband this Earl of Thomond, part of his estate devolved to her nephew Percy Wynd- ham, who was created Earl of Thomond, and took the name of Obrien. i He died without issue. Fifth, Lord Edward Seymour, born at Petworth, August 22d, 1687 j r who died young. Sixth, Lady Catharine Seymour, born October 24th, 1688 ; * who on July 2ist, 17O8, was married to Sir William Wyndham, Bart, (being his first wife) by whom she had issue, first, Charles late Earl of Egremont ; second, Percy, late Earl of Thomond; and Elizabeth, wife of the late Right Honourable George Gren- ville, and mother of the Marquis of Buckingham, &c. Seventh, Lady Anne Seymour, born in 1691, who in 1719 was married to Peregrine Marquis of Carmarthen, son and heir of Peregrine Osborne Duke of Leeds, (being his second wife) by whom she had issue one son, who died an infant, and deceased herself November 27ih, 1722. l Eighth, Lady Frances Seymour, u who died an infant. Ninth and tenth, two sons that were twins, who died as soon 2s they were born. x Eleventh, Lord Percy Seymour, who was born at Petworth, 1 The following arrangement of their issue is given from a paper of the late Duchess of Northumberland. n> Petworth Reg n Duchess of Northumberland. • Petworth Register. » Mr. Butler's Collections. q Ibid. r Petworth Register- t Mr. Butler's Collections. * Ibid. u Duchess of Northumberland's Paper. * Jbid, DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 359 June 3d, l6Q6; y but died of the small pox, July 4th, 1721, un- married, being then member of parliament for Cockermouth. z Twelfth, Lady Frances Seymour, who died May 10th, 1720, unmarried. ■ Thirteenth, Lord Charles Seymour, born at Petworth, June Kith, 1698 j b who died January 4th, 1/11. c Her Grace was one of the greatest ornaments of Queen Anne's court, and succeeded the Duchess of Marlborough as Groom of the Stole. The Lady Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Algernon Duke of Somerset, and grand-daughter of Duke Charles by Lady Elizabeth Percy, was married at Percy Lodge,d (now Richings, in the parish of Iver, Bucks) on July 18th, 17*W)> to Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart, who afterwards assumed the- name and arms of Percy, (as we shall see below). Smithson Family. Hugh Smithson, (second son e of Anthony Smithson, Esq. of Newsome, or Newsham, in the parish of Kirby on the Mount, in com. Ebor.) having suffered in the cause of King Charles I. in whose support he had plentifully expended his large fortune, was, after the restoration, created a Baronet, August id, 1660. f Sir Hugh, who was born in 1598, died in 1670, * and was buried in the great vault belonging to his family in Stanwick church, where a fine marble monument is erected to his memory. He married Dorothy, daughter of Jerome Rawsthorne of Plaistow, in Essex, Esq. by whom he left issue three sons, among whom he divided his great estate; first, Sir Jerome Smithson, Bart, his eldest son, to whom he left his principal estates in Yorkshire, &c. j second, Anthony Smithson, Esq. his second son, h to whom he left his estates at Tottenham in Middlesex, and at. Armine in the West Riding of Yorkshire. He married Susanna, daughter of Sir Edward Barkham, of Southacre in Norfolk, Bart, by whom he left one son, Hugh Smithson of Armine and Tottenham, Esq. who r